Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany d
|
|
- Mildred Booker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in Alzheimer s disease are elevated when compared with vascular dementia but do not correlate with measures of cerebral atrophy a a b c c Peter Schonknecht, Johannes Pantel, Tobias Hartmann, Egon Werle, Martin Volkmann, d d a e a Marco Essig, Michael Amann, Nadja Zanabili, Hubertus Bardenheuer, Aoife Hunt, Johannes Schroder a, * a Department of Psychiatry, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voss-Street 4, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany b Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany c Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany e Department of Experimental Anesthesia, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Received 21 May 2001; received in revised form 12 December 2001; accepted 18 January 2002 Abstract Increased tau levels are a well-established finding in Alzheimer s disease (AD). In contrast, the potential value of tau levels in the differential diagnosis of AD, vascular dementia (VD) and major depression warrants further investigation. The potential impact of psychotropic medication also needs to be established. We investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau protein concentrations in 88 patients with AD, 23 patients with VD, 25 patients with major depression and 17 age-paralleled controls without cognitive impairment with respect to important clinical variables, type and dosage of psychotropic medication and cerebral changes as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The AD patients showed significantly elevated tau levels compared with patients with VD or major depression and controls. Tau levels obtained in the VD group were intermediate, with significant differences from both AD patients and patients with major depression and controls. Within the AD group, no significant correlation between tau levels, severity of dementia, age, duration of disease, type and dosage of psychotropic medication or MRIvolumetric changes arose. A subgroup of AD patients without increased tau levels was characterized by a significantly larger percentage of patients with presenile onset Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dementia; Differential diagnosis; CSF tau; Volumetric MRI *Corresponding author. Tel.: q ; fax: q address: Johannes_Schroeder@med.uni-heidelberg.de (J. Schroder) /03/$ - see front matter 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /s ž
2 232 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Introduction Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer s disease (AD). It is a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 46 kda, measurable by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the CSF. Recent studies found significantly increased CSF tau levels in patients with AD in comparison with healthy controls (Hulstaert et al., 1999; Andreasen et al., 1999; Kahle et al., 2000). This finding also applied to patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD and was not correlated with age, duration of dementia or gender. Furthermore, increased tau levels have been found in AD compared with vascular dementia (VD) (Blennow et al., 1995; Tato et al., 1995; Mori et al., 1995; Arai et al., 1998; Mecocci et al., 1998); this finding has been confirmed by most but not all studies. Little is known about the potential effects of psychotropic medication on tau concentrations or the potential relation between tau levels and cerebral atrophy. Potential medication effects were mainly investigated for beta amyloid 1 40 and 1 42 levels (Schroder et al., 1997); with respect to cerebral changes, one may expect tau levels to be correlated with measures of hippocampal atrophy, which is generally considered to be a surrogate marker for AD-related brain pathology (Pantel et al., 1997, 1998; Schroder and Pantel, 1999). In the present study, we investigated the potential value of tau levels in the differential diagnosis of AD, VD and major depression. Within the AD patients, tau levels were analyzed with respect to some important clinical characteristics of the disease as well as potential medication effects. In a second step, a subgroup of AD patients with tau levels in the normal range was identified. 2. Methods Eighty-eight patients (57 females and 31 males) with probable (ns38) and possible (ns50) AD (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria; McKhann et al., 1984), 23 patients with probable VD (NINDS- AIREN criteria; Roman et al., 1993) and 25 patients with major depression (DSM-III-R criteria; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were included. The VD patients showed focal signs on neurological examination andyor evidence of relevant cerebrovascular changes on brain imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Patients were consecutively admitted inpatients under the care of the Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg. The Hachinski Ischemic Score modified by Loeb and Gandolfo (1983) of the AD patients was below 3. Patients with onset before age 65 years were defined as suffering from AD with presenile onset (ns23). Clinical diagnosis was based on all relevant information, including history, clinical examination, and neuropsychological and neuroradiological findings. At the time of investigation, all patients were free of choline esterase inhibitors. Patients with major depression were carefully screened for any indication of dementia by repeated clinical and thorough neuropsychological examinations. The control group consisted of 17 individuals without cognitive impairment or psychiatric disease, parallelled to the patients in age and gender. CSF samples were obtained from the controls during spinal anaesthesia at the Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Heidelberg. The degree of cognitive impairment was rated on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein et al., 1975). In all patients, lumbar puncture was performed at a fixed time of the day (between 10:00 and 12:00 h) as part of the routine diagnostic procedure to exclude inflammatory disease. The resultant CSF samples were immediately aliquoted into non-adsorbent tubes and frozen at y80 8C. Tau was measured using the Innotest tau antigen kit (Innogenetics, Zwijndrecht, Belgium), an ELISA constructed to measure the total amount of tau, i.e. both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated fraction (Vandermeeren et al., 1993). In addition, volumetric magnetic resonance, imaging (MRI) was performed in 36 AD patients on a 1.5-Tesla MAGNETOM 63y84 SP Siemens scanner using a three-dimensional (3D) MP- RAGE (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo) sequence (repetition times10 ms, echo times4 ms) for the T1 and a 3D PSIF (fast imaging with steady-state precession) sequence (repetition times17 ms, echo times7 ms) for the
3 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Table 1 Means ("standard deviations) of clinical characteristics in patients and controls with the results of a Duncan s test at the 5% level AD VD Depression Controls Duncan-Test -g1- -g2- -g3- -g4- (P-0.05) n Age (years) 74.2 ("9.6) 79.4 ("8.9) 68.4 ("9.0) 66.2 ("9.1) g2)g1)g3, g4 Age at onset (years) 71.0 ("10.1) 73.7 ("9.0) 61.7 ("11.7) Not applicable g2, g1)g3 MMSE score 17.1 ("6.4) 15.4 ("6.1) 27.1 ("3.0) 29.1 ("0.7) g1, g2-g3, g4 Duration (months) 38.1 ("34.6) 63.6 ("66.9) 73.9 ("81.8) Not applicable g3)g1 Tau protein (pgyml) ("268) ("265.2) ("96.2) ("111.4) g1)g2)g4, g3 T2 weighted image data cubes. Both 3D image data cubes with a slab thickness of 160 mm consisted of 128 sagittal image slices, resulting in a slice thickness of 1.25 mm. The slices had an in-plane field of view of 260 mm and the volume 3 pixels were of the size 1.02=1.02=1.25 mm. Image data processing was performed using the software NMRwin (Pantel et al., 1997). Intracranial and whole brain volume, frontal and temporal lobe volumes and the volumes of the amygdala hippocampus complexes were measured as described previously (Pantel et al., 1998). To address potential interindividual differences in premorbid brain size, all volumetric measures were normalized by dividing them by the subject s intracranial volume. Potential psychotropic medication effects on tau in AD have not been investigated in previous studies, and to this end the AD group was subdivided according to medication status. Medication breakdown was as follows: 40 AD patients did not receive any psychotropic medication; 15 received antidepressants; and 33 received neuroleptic drugs. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, analyses of variance (Duncan s test) andyor covariance and x tests were calculated. The study was 2 approved by the ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg. 3. Results Table 1 presents the means and standard deviations of the clinical variables. According to the results of a Duncan s test at the 5% level, the AD patients were significantly older than the controls. Patients with VD were older than patients with AD, depressed patients or controls. As expected, MMSE scores were significantly lower in both AD and VD patients than in patients with depression. Patients with AD or VD were significantly older at onset of disease than the depressed patients. Duration of illness differed significantly between patients with depression and AD patients. Tau protein concentrations in patients with AD were significantly (P-0.05) elevated compared with those in VD patients, depressed patients and controls, but did not significantly differ between controls and patients with depression (Fig. 1). Tau levels in VD patients were intermediate, differing significantly from levels in both AD patients, and patients with major depression and levels in controls. Corresponding results were obtained when age was entered as a covariate. In the AD patients, no significant correlation between tau levels and severity of dementia (MMSE scores), age or duration of disease arose. Furthermore, no significant correlations between morphometric measures (whole brain volume, frontal and temporal lobe volumes, volumes of the amygdala hippocampus complex; Table 2) and tau protein levels were found. Analyses repeated with age partialled out revealed consistent results. Within the AD group, tau levels ranged widely from to 1200 pgyml and thus showed a broad overlap with those obtained in patients with depression and controls. In particular, AD patients with tau levels below the 25th percentile (i.e pgyml) of the distribution were similar to patients with depression and healthy controls.
4 234 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Compared with the AD patients with increased tau levels, those without elevated tau levels tended to be younger. Duration of disease, MMSE scores, gender distribution and medication status did not significantly differ between these two groups. However, the subgroup without increased tau levels showed a significantly larger percentage of patients with a presenile onset (12 patients with presenile onset vs. 10 patients with senile onset) than the subgroup with increased tau levels (11 patients with presenile onset vs. 55 patients with senile onset) (Table 3). Within the AD group, tau levels showed only minor, non-significant differences between patients receiving neuroleptics, antidepressants or no psychotropic medication. 4. Discussion Table 2 Volumes of different brain structures in patients with Alzheimer s disease (ns36) Mean S.D. Total intracranial volume Whole brain volume Whole brain volumeytiv Frontal lobe Right Left RightyTIV LeftyTIV Temporal lobe Right Left RightyTIV LeftyTIV Amygdala hippocampus Right Left RightyTIV LeftyTIV This study provides three major findings: (1) significantly elevated tau protein concentrations were found in AD patients compared with patients with VD, depressed patients and controls. (2) Elevated tau levels were not found in a subgroup of AD patients characterised by a higher proportion of younger patients with presenile onset. (3) In AD, tau levels were neither correlated with clinical variables such as severity of dementia, MRImeas- Absolute and normalized values are given (volumes in 3 cm ). TIV, total intracranial volume. ures of cerebral atrophy nor type or dosage of psychotropic medication. Our results confirm previous studies demonstrating increased tau levels in AD compared with Fig. 1. Tau levels (pgyml) in patients with Alzheimer s disease (AD), patients with vascular dementia (VD), patients with depression and healthy controls. Results of Duncan s test at the 5% level: AD)VD)depression, controls.
5 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Table 3 Tau levels and MMSE scores in AD patients with increased ()343.5 pgyml) and without increased ( pgyml) tau levels Tau level (pgyml) MMSE score Presenileysenile * AD tau positive (238.5) 16.9 (6.3) 11y55 AD tau negative (51.9) 17.5 (7.0) 12y10 Controls (111.4) 29.1 (0.7) Not applicable Values presented are means (S.D.). MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. AD, Alzheimer s disease. * 2 AD tau positive vs. AD tau negative: P s12.3, P controls without cognitive deficits (Arai et al., 1995; Blennow et al., 1995; Jensen et al., 1995; Mori et al., 1995; Motter et al., 1995; Skoog et al., 1995; Tato et al., 1995; Vigo-Pelfrey et al., 1995; Munroe et al., 1995; Hock et al., 1995; Riemenschneider et al., 1997; Golombowski et al., 1997; Galasko et al., 1998; Kanai et al., 1998; Mecocci et al., 1998; Nishimura et al., 1998; Shoji et al., 1998; Hulstaert et al., 1999; Andreasen et al., 1999; Kahle et al., 2000). These studies included between 14 and 407 AD patients and 12 and 100 controls. In AD patients, MMSE scores ranged from 7 to 28. In accordance with other studies, we also found significantly elevated tau levels in patients with AD compared with depressed patients (Blennow et al., 1995; Golombowski et al., 1997). This result could contribute to the differential diagnosis of dementia and geriatric depression insofar as elevated tau protein levels would not be expected in affective disorders. Others have reported significantly elevated tau levels in AD compared with VD (Blennow et al., 1995; Tato et al., 1995; Mori et al., 1995; Arai et al., 1998; Mecocci et al., 1998), a result that was not confirmed in all studies (Skoog et al., 1995; Andreasen et al., 1998; Tapiola et al., 1998). However, in accordance with our findings, most of these studies found the highest tau levels in the AD group (Tapiola et al., 1998; Andreasen et al., 1998). A possible explanation for significantly elevated tau levels in VD might be the acute damage to cerebral tissue induced by an ischemic event. The temporal relationship between an ischemic episode and the CSF examination could thus explain part of the variance of tau levels observed in VD patients. This assumption is in line with the finding by Arai et al. (1998), who observed tau levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction to be increased 2 3 weeks after the event, but to normalize several months later. Hesse et al. (2001) reported a marked increase of tau levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke, peaking at 3 weeks and returning to normal after 3 months. In accordance with this observation, in our study, patients with the highest tau values of the VD group (Fig. 1) had recently suffered acute stroke ( and pgyml), lacunar thalamic infarction (950 pgyml) or severe subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (882.6 pgyml). Clinically, there was no concomitant degenerative pathology to be supposed. Alternatively, the divergent results of studies comparing tau levels between AD and VD patients may refer to the presence of a concomitant degenerative pathology rather than pure vascular changes in many patients diagnosed with VD. Andreasen et al. (1998) found higher tau concentrations in a subgroup of VD patients without progressive leukoaraiosis. It might be speculated whether this group mainly comprised patients with concomitant Alzheimer s pathology. Several neuropathological studies have shown that a high proportion of clinically diagnosed VD patients have notable concomitant AD pathology (Jellinger, 1996; Kosunen et al., 1996). These results, as well as our findings, emphasize the importance of a careful clinical differential diagnosis when comparing tau levels between AD and VD patients in clinical studies. They demonstrate that recent cerebrovascular events need to be considered when CSF tau levels in VD patients are interpreted. In the AD group, no significant correlation between tau levels and severity of disease arose. Several studies reported similar results (Munroe et al., 1995; Jensen et al., 1995; Buch et al., 1998; Hulstaert et al., 1999; Sunderland et al., 1999;
6 236 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Green et al., 1999; Kahle et al., 2000). A possible explanation might be that elevated tau levels in AD patients reflect the continuous degeneration of neurons resulting in a progressive impairment of cognitive functioning. However, recent studies have found that CSF tau levels are stable over an extended period of time in mild to moderately cognitively impaired AD patients, and that CSF tau levels predict neither the severity nor the rate of progression of AD (Sunderland et al., 1999; Andreasen et al., 1999; Tapiola and Pirttil, 2000). In addition, tau levels in the AD group showed a high variability: patients with tau levels below the 25th percentile among them a high percentage of severely demented patients showed tau levels similar to those measured in patients with depression or healthy controls. This result cannot be explained by the limited accuracy of clinical diagnosis alone. The heterogeneity of AD may provide an alternative explanation. Indeed, the group of AD patients without elevated tau levels was characterised by a significantly higher percentage of patients with presenile onset. In these patients, other types of dementia that are characterised by lower tau levels such as Lewy body dementia could be excluded. The potential impact of psychotropic medication on tau concentration has not been addressed in previous studies. In the present study, neither treatment with neuroleptics nor with antidepressants affected tau protein concentrations in AD. Similarly, a previous study did not find any significant medication effects on CSF beta-amyloid 1 40 and 1 42 levels (Schroder et al., 1997). A recent study found a significant correlation between beta-amyloid 1 42 CSF levels another putative CSF marker of AD and cerebral volume changes as revealed by MRI (Schroder et al., 1997). The present study is the first to investigate the relationship between CSF tau levels and measures of cerebral atrophy using volumetric MRI. In contrast to Skoog et al. (1995), who investigated tau levels with respect to cerebral atrophy in 11 AD patients, no significant correlation between measures of global and regional cerebral changes and tau levels arose. This discrepancy may be attributed to differences in sample size; moreover, Skoog et al. used computed tomography and linear measures to assess cerebral atrophy. Our results are in line with Buch et al. (1998), who did not find a significant relationship between tau levels and cerebral perfusion using single photon emission computed tomography. In conclusion, our results underline the importance of CSF tau protein concentrations in the differential diagnosis of AD. In accordance with other studies, we found significantly elevated tau levels in AD patients compared with controls and depressed patients. With respect to VD, our results support the hypothesis that a close temporal relationship between ischemic episodes and CSF examination may be responsible for elevated tau protein concentrations. Elevated tau levels were not found in a subgroup of AD patients characterized by a higher percentage of younger, presenile demented patients. From a clinical point of view, one may summarize that increased tau levels confirm the clinical diagnosis of AD, while normal values do not exclude the diagnosis. References American Psychiatric Association, DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed., revised. Author, Washington, DC. Andreasen, N., Vanmechelen, E., Van de Voorde, A., Davidsson, P., Hesse, C., Tarvonen, S., Raiha, I., Sourander, L., Winblad, B., Blennow, K., Cerebrospinal fluid tau protein as a biochemical marker for Alzheimer s disease: a community follow up study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 64, Andreasen, N., Minthon, L., Clarberg, A., Davidsson, P., Gottfries, J., Vanmechelen, E., Vanderstichele, H., Winblad, B., Blennow, K., Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in a community based patient sample. Neurology 53, Arai, H., Terajima, M., Miura, M., Higuchi, S., Muramatsu, T., Machida, N., Seiki, H., Takase, S., Clark, C.M., Lee, V.M.Y., Trojanowski, J.Q., Sasaki, H., Tau in cerebrospinal fluid: a potential diagnostic marker in Alzheimer s disease. Annals of Neurology 38, Arai, H., Satoh-Nakagawa, T., Higuchi, M., Morikawa, Y., Miura, M., Kawakami, H., Seki, H., Takase, S., Sasaki, H., No increase in cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels in patients with vascular dementia. Neuroscience Letters 256, Blennow, K., Wallin, A., Agren, H., Spenger, C., Siegfried, J., Vanmechelen, E., Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid a biochemical marker for axonal degeneration in Alzheimer disease? Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology 26,
7 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) Buch, K., Riemenschneider, M., Bartenstein, P., Willoch, F., Muller, U., Schmolke, M., Nolde, T., Steinmann, C., Guder, W.G., Kurz, A., Tau Protein Ein potentieller biologischer Indikator zur Fruherkennung der Alzheimer Krankheit. Nervenarzt 69, Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., McHugh, P.R., Mini Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Research 12, Galasko, D., Chang, L., Motter, R., Clark, C.M., Kaye, J., Koopman, D., Thomas, R., Kholodenko, D., Schenk, D., Lieberburg, I., Miller, B., Green, R., Basherad, R., Kertiles, L., Boss, M.A., Seubert, P., High cerebrospinal fluid tau and low amyloid beta42 levels in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease and relation to apolipoprotein E genotype. Archives of Neurology 5, Golombowski, S., Muller-Spahn, F., Romig, H., Mendla, K., Hock, C., Dependence of cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels on apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Neuroscience Letters 225, Green, A.J., Harvey, R.J., Thompson, E.J., Rossor, M.N., Increased tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Neuroscience Letters 259, Hesse, C., Rosengren, L., Andreasen, N., Davidsson, P., Vanderstichele, H., Vanmechelen, E., Blennow, K., Transient increase in total tau but not phospho tau in human cerebrospinal fluid after acute stroke. Neuroscience Letters 197, Hock, C., Golombowski, S., Naser, W., Muller-Spahn, F., Increased levels of J protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer s disease correlation with degree of cognitive impairment. Annals of Neurology 37, Hulstaert, F., Blennow, K., Ivanoiu, A., Schoonderwaldt, H.C., Riemenschneider, M., De Deyn, P.P., Bancher, C., Cras, P., Wiltfang, J., Metha, P.D., Iqbal, K., Pottel, H., Vanmechelen, E., Vanderstichele, H., Improved discrimination of AD patients using b-amyloid(1 42) and tau levels in CSF. Neurology 52, Jellinger, K.A., Diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer s disease: a clinicopathological study. Acta Neuropathologica 91, Jensen, M., Basun, H., Lannfelt, L., Increased cerebrospinal fluid tau in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Neuroscience Letters 186, Kahle, P.J., Jakowec, M., Teipel, S.J., Hampel, H., Petzinger, G.M., DiMonte, D.A., Silverberg, G.D., Moller, H.-J., Yesavage, G.D., Tinklenberg, J.R., Shooter, E.M., Murphy, G.M., Combined assessment of tau and neuronal thread protein in Alzheimer s disease CSF. Neurology 54, Kanai, M., Matsubara, E., Isoe, K., Urakami, K., Nakashima, K., Arai, H., Sasaki, H., Abe, K., Iwatsubo, T., Kosaka, T., Watanabe, M., Tomidokoro, Y., Shizuka, M., Mitsushima, K., Nakamura, T., Igeta, Y., Ikeda, Y., Amari, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Ishigura, K., Harigaya, Y., Wakabayashi, K., Okomoto, K., Hirai, S., Shoji, M., Longitudinal study of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau, Ab 1 40, and Ab 1 42(43) in Alzheimer s disease: a study in Japan. Annals of Neurology 44, Kosunen, O., Soininen, H., Paljrvi, L., Heinonen, O., Talasniemi, S., Riekkinen Sr., P.J., Diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer s disease: a neuropathological study. Acta Neuropathologica 91, Loeb, C., Gandolfo, C., Diagnostic evaluation of degenerative and vascular dementia. Stroke 14, McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., Stadlan, E.M., Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer s Disease. Neurology 34, Mecocci, P., Cherubini, A., Bregnocchi, M., Chionne, F., Cecchetti, R., Lowenthal, D.T., Senin, U., Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in Alzheimer disease? Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 12, Mori, H., Hosoda, K., Matsubara, E., Nakamoto, T., Furiya, Y., Endoh, R., Usami, M., Shoji, M., Maruyama, S., Hirai, S., Tau in cerebrospinal fluids: establishment of the sandwich ELISA with antibody specific to the repeat sequences in tau. Neuroscience Letters 186, Motter, R., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Kholodenko, D., Barbour, R., Johnson-Wood, K., Galasko, D., Chang, L., Miller, B., Clark, C., Green, R., Olson, D., Southwick, P., Wolfert, R., Munroe, B., Lieberburg, I., Seubert, P., Schenk, D., Reduction of b-amyloid-peptide 42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer s disease. Annals of Neurology 38, Munroe, W., Southwick, P.C., Chang, L., Scharre, D.W., Echols, C.L., Fu, P.C., Whaley, J.M., Wolfert, R.L., Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 25, Nishimura, T., Takeda, M., Nakamura, Y., Yosbida, Y., Arai, H., Sasaki, H., Shouji, M., Hirai, S., Khise, K., Shouji, M., Isse, K., Tanaka, K., Hamamoto, M., Yamamoto, H., Matsubayashi, T., Nakashimi, K., Urakami, K., Adachi, Y., Nakamura, S., Toji, H., Yoshida, H., Basic and clinical studies on the measurement of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid as a biological marker for Alzheimer s disease and related disorders: multicenter study in Japan. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 20, Pantel, J., Schroder, J., Schad, L.R., Friedlinger, M., Knopp, M.V., Schmitt, R., Geissler, M., Bluml, S., Essig, M., Sauer, H., Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological functions in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychological Medicine 27, Pantel, J., Schroder, J., Essig, M., Schneider, G., Eysenbach, K., von Kummer, R., Baudendistel, K., Schad, L.R., Knopp, M.V., In vivo quantification of brain volumes in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer s disease a
8 238 P. Schonknecht et al. / Psychiatry Research 120 (2003) MRIbased study. Dementia and Geriatrric Cognitive Disorders 9, Riemenschneider, M., Buch, K., Schmolke, M., Kurz, A., Guder, W.G., Diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease with cerebrospinal fluid tau protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Lancet 350, 784. Roman, G.C., Tatemichi, T.K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J.L., Masdeu, J.C., Garcia, J.H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., Moody, D.M., O Brien, M.D., Yamaguchi, T., Grafman, J., Drayer, B.P., Bennett, D.A., Fisher, M., Ogata, J., Kokmen, E., Bermejo, F., Wolf, P.A., Gorelick, P.B., Bick, K.L., Pajeau, A.K., Bell, M.A., DeCarli, C., Culebras, A., Korczyn, A.D., Bogousslavsky, J., Hartmann, A., Scheinberg, P., Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 43, Schroder, J., Pantel, J., Morphologische und funktionelle Bildgebung. In: Forstl, H. (Ed.), Alzheimer Demenz. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York. Schroder, J., Pantel, J., Ida, N., Essig, M., Hartmann, T., Knopp, M.V., Schad, L.R., Sandbrink, R., Sauer, H., Masters, C.L., Beyreuther, K., Cerebral changes and cerebrospinal fluid b-amyloid in Alzheimer s disease: a study with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Molecular Psychiatry 2, Shoji, M., Matsubara, E., Kanai, M., Watanabe, M., Nakamura, T., Tomidokoro, Y., Shizuka, M., Wakabayashi, K., Igeta, Y., Mizushima, K., Amari, M., Ishigura, K., Kawarabayashi, T., Harigaya, Y., Okamoto, K., Hirai, S., Combination assay of CSF tau, A beta 1 40 and A beta 1 42 (43) as a biochemical marker of Alzheimer s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 158, Skoog, I., Vanmechelen, E., Andreasson, L.A., Palmertz, B., Davidsson, P., Hesse, C., Blennow, K., A populationbased study of tau protein and ubiquitin in cerebrospinal fluid in 85-year-olds: relation to severity of dementia and cerebral atrophy, but not to the apolipoprotein E4 allele. Neurodegeneration 4, Sunderland, T., Wolozin, B., Galasko, D., Levy, J., Dukoff, R., Bahro, M., Lasser, R., Motter, R., Lehtimiiki, T., Seubert, P., Longitudinal stability of CSF tau levels in Alzheimer s patients. Biological Psychiatry 46, Tapiola, T., Pirttil, T., Mikkonen, M., Mehta, P.D., Alafuzoff, I., Koivisto, K., Soininen, H., Three-year follow-up of cerebrospinal fluid tau, b-amyloid 42 and 40 concentrations in Alzheimer s disease. Neuroscience Letters 280, Tapiola, T., Lethovirta, M., Ramberg, J., Helisalmi, S., Linnaranta, K., Riekkinen, P., Soininen, H., CSF tau is related to apolipoprotein E genotype in early Alzheimer s disease. Neurology 50, Tato, R., Frank, A., Hernanz, A., Tau protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 59, Vandermeeren, M., Mercken, M., Vanmechelen, E., Six, J., van de Voorde, A., Martin, J.J., Cras, P., Detection of tau proteins in normal and Alzheimer s disease cerebrospinal fluid with a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Neurochemistry 61, Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Seubert, P., Barbour, R., Blomquist, C., Lee, M., Lee, D., Coria, F., Chang, L., Miller, B., Lieberburg, I., Schenk, D., Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer s disease. Neurology 45,
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Evaluation of CSF-tau and CSF-A 42 as Diagnostic Markers for Alzheimer Disease in Clinical Practice
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Evaluation of CSF-tau and CSF-A 42 as Diagnostic Markers for Alzheimer Disease in Clinical Practice Niels Andreasen, MD, PhD; Lennart Minthon, MD, PhD; Pia Davidsson, PhD; Eugeen
More informationCerebrospinal fluid tau protein as a biochemical marker for Alzheimer s disease: a community based follow up study
298 Department of Rehabilitation, Piteå River Valley Hospital, Piteå, Sweden N Andreasen Innogenetics NV, Gent, Belgium E Vanmechelen A Van de Voorde Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine,
More informationBiochemical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease by Measuring the Cerebrospinal Fluid Ratio of Phosphorylated tau Protein to -Amyloid Peptide 42
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Biochemical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease by Measuring the Cerebrospinal Fluid Ratio of Phosphorylated tau Protein to -Amyloid Peptide 42 Alessia Maddalena, MD; Andreas Papassotiropoulos,
More informationV. Senanarong, N. Siwasariyanon, L. Washirutmangkur, N. Poungvarin, C. Ratanabunakit, N. Aoonkaew, and S. Udomphanthurak
International Alzheimer s Disease Volume 2012, Article ID 212063, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2012/212063 Research Article Alzheimer s Disease Dementia as the Diagnosis Best Supported by the Cerebrospinal Fluid
More informationDifferential Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease With Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Tau Protein Phosphorylated at Threonine 231
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease With Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Tau Protein Phosphorylated at Threonine 231 Katharina Buerger, MD; Raymond Zinkowski, PhD; Stefan J.
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION High Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Low Amyloid 42 Levels in the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease and Relation to Apolipoprotein E Genotype D. Galasko, MD; L. Chang, MD; R. Motter,
More informationAssociation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein in Patients with Alzheimer s and Non Alzheimer s Dementias in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 1, 11-17 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijcen/5/1/4 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ijcen-5-1-4
More informationCerebrospinal Fluid Protein Biomarkers for Alzheimer s Disease
NeuroRx : The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Biomarkers for Alzheimer s Disease Kaj Blennow Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section
More informationMeasurement of Phosphorylated Tau Epitopes in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Measurement of Phosphorylated Tau Epitopes in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease A Comparative Cerebrospinal Fluid Study Harald Hampel, MD; Katharina Buerger, MD; Raymond
More informationCombined CSF tau, p-tau181 and amyloid-b 38/40/42 for diagnosing Alzheimer s disease
J Neural Transm (2009) 116:203 212 DOI 10.1007/s00702-008-0177-6 ALZHEIMER S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS - ORIGINAL ARTICLE Combined CSF tau, p-tau181 and amyloid-b 38/40/42 for diagnosing Alzheimer
More informationThe Brain Injury Biomarker VLP-1 Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Disease Patients
Clinical Chemistry 54:10 1617 1623 (2008) Proteomics and Protein Markers The Brain Injury Biomarker VLP-1 Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Disease Patients Jin-Moo Lee, 2 Kaj Blennow,
More information86 TEL: , FAX: ,
19 1 2005 4 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 1) 1) 2) 683-8503 86 TEL: 0859-34-8323, FAX: 0859-34-8312, e-mail: kurakami@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp ***************************************************************************
More informationUse of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis for improving Alzheimer s disease diagnosis in a non-specialized setting
Research Paper Acta Neurobiol Exp 2012, 72: 264 271 Use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis for improving Alzheimer s disease diagnosis in a non-specialized setting Martina Malnar 1#, Marko Kosicek
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Amyloid Proteins 1-40 and 1-42 in Alzheimer Disease
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Amyloid Proteins 1-40 and 1-42 in Alzheimer Disease Pankaj D. Mehta, PhD; Tuula Pirttilä, MD, PhD; Sangita P. Mehta, MS; Eugene A. Sersen,
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Correlation of Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers With Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Adults
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Correlation of Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers With Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Adults Erik Stomrud, MD; Oskar Hansson, MD, PhD; Henrik Zetterberg, MD, PhD; Kaj
More informationComparison of Different Clinical Criteria (DSM-III, ADDTC, ICD-10, NINDS-AIREN, DSM-IV) for the Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia
Comparison of Different Clinical Criteria (DSM-III, ADDTC, ICD-10, NINDS-AIREN, DSM-IV) for the Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia T. Pohjasvaara, MD, PhD; R. Mäntylä, MD; R. Ylikoski, MA; M. Kaste, MD, PhD;
More informationNEXT-Link DEMENTIA. A network of Danish memory clinics YOUR CLINICAL RESEARCH PARTNER WITHIN ALZHEIMER S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIA DISEASES.
NEXT-Link DEMENTIA A network of Danish memory clinics YOUR CLINICAL RESEARCH PARTNER WITHIN ALZHEIMER S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIA DISEASES. NEXT-Link DEMENTIA NEXT-Link DEMENTIA is a network of Danish
More informationHow can the new diagnostic criteria improve patient selection for DM therapy trials
How can the new diagnostic criteria improve patient selection for DM therapy trials Amsterdam, August 2015 Bruno Dubois Head of the Dementia Research Center (IMMA) Director of INSERM Research Unit (ICM)
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Cerebrospinal Fluid -Amyloid 42 and Tau Proteins as Biomarkers of Alzheimer-Type Pathologic
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Cerebrospinal Fluid -Amyloid 42 and Tau Proteins as Biomarkers of Alzheimer-Type Pathologic Changes in the Brain Tero Tapiola, MD, PhD; Irina Alafuzoff, MD, PhD; Sanna-Kaisa Herukka,
More informationEstimating the Validity of the Korean Version of Expanded Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale
Estimating the Validity of the Korean Version of Expanded Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale Seong Hye Choi, M.D.*, Duk L. Na, M.D., Byung Hwa Lee, M.A., Dong-Seog Hahm, M.D., Jee Hyang Jeong, M.D.,
More informationBrain imaging for the diagnosis of people with suspected dementia
Why do we undertake brain imaging in dementia? Brain imaging for the diagnosis of people with suspected dementia Not just because guidelines tell us to! Exclude other causes for dementia Help confirm diagnosis
More informationBoth total and phosphorylated tau are increased in Alzheimer s disease
624 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:624 630 Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital / Mölndal, Sweden M Sjögren P Davidsson M Tullberg A Wallin C
More information1. Introduction. 2. Patients and Methods
SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Volume 200, Article ID 7657, 7 pages doi:0.406/200/7657 Research Article Combined Analysis of CSF Tau, Aβ42, Aβ 42% and Aβ 40
More informationDementia mimicking Alzheimer s disease Owing to a tau mutation: CSF and PET findings
Dementia mimicking Alzheimer s disease Owing to a tau mutation: CSF and PET findings Chapter 4.2 N. Tolboom E.L.G.E. Koedam J.M. Schott M. Yaqub M.A. Blankenstein F. Barkhof Y.A.L. Pijnenburg A.A. Lammertsma
More informationIntroduction, use of imaging and current guidelines. John O Brien Professor of Old Age Psychiatry University of Cambridge
Introduction, use of imaging and current guidelines John O Brien Professor of Old Age Psychiatry University of Cambridge Why do we undertake brain imaging in AD and other dementias? Exclude other causes
More informationAccelerated Memory Decline in Alzheimer s Disease With Apolipoprotein e4 Allele
Accelerated Memory Decline in Alzheimer s Disease With Apolipoprotein e4 Allele Nobutsugu Hirono, M.D., Ph.D. Mamoru Hashimoto, M.D., Ph.D. Minoru Yasuda, M.D., Ph.D. Hirokazu Kazui, M.D., Ph.D. Etsuro
More informationAnosognosia, or loss of insight into one s cognitive
REGULAR ARTICLES Anosognosia Is a Significant Predictor of Apathy in Alzheimer s Disease Sergio E. Starkstein, M.D., Ph.D. Simone Brockman, M.A. David Bruce, M.D. Gustavo Petracca, M.D. Anosognosia and
More informationQuantitative analysis for a cube copying test
86 99 103 2010 Original Paper Quantitative analysis for a cube copying test Ichiro Shimoyama 1), Yumi Asano 2), Atsushi Murata 2) Naokatsu Saeki 3) and Ryohei Shimizu 4) Received September 29, 2009, Accepted
More informationClinical features of leuko-araiosis
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1996;60:431-436 Clinical features of leuko-araiosis 431 S Tarvonen-Schr6der, M R6ytta, I Raiha, T Kurki, T Rajala, L Sourander Department of Geriatrics,
More informationCSF diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
J Neural Transm (2006) 113: 1771 1778 DOI 10.1007/s00702-006-0537-z CSF diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies M. Bibl 1, B. Mollenhauer 2, H. Esselmann 3, P. Lewczuk 3, C. Trenkwalder
More informationAlzheimer s Disease. Clinical characteristics of late-onset Alzheimer s disease (LOAD) A/Prof David Darby
Alzheimer s Disease Clinical characteristics of late-onset Alzheimer s disease (LOAD) A/Prof David Darby Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health 28-6-2013 The burden of late-onset Alzheimer
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89985
More informationBRIEF cognitive rating scales are commonly used in the
Journal of Gerontology: PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1998, Vol. 53B, No. 6, P37O-P374 Copyright 1998 by The Gerontological Society of America An Analysis of Test Bias and Differential Item Functioning Due to
More informationThe current state of healthcare for Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, & Alzheimer s Disease
The current state of healthcare for Normal Aging, g, Mild Cognitive Impairment, & Alzheimer s Disease William Rodman Shankle, MS MD FACP Director, Alzheimer s Program, Hoag Neurosciences Institute Neurologist,
More informationPostmortem Examination of Vascular Lesions in Cognitive Impairment A Survey Among Neuropathological Services
Postmortem Examination of Vascular Lesions in Cognitive Impairment A Survey Among Neuropathological Services Leonardo Pantoni, MD, PhD; Cristina Sarti, MD, PhD; Irina Alafuzoff, MD, PhD; Kurt Jellinger,
More informationRegulatory Challenges across Dementia Subtypes European View
Regulatory Challenges across Dementia Subtypes European View Population definition including Early disease at risk Endpoints in POC studies Endpoints in pivotal trials 1 Disclaimer No CoI The opinions
More informationDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, Korea. 2
Journal of Gerontology: PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2002, Vol. 57B, No. 1, P47 P53 Copyright 2002 by The Gerontological Society of America Development of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a
More informationRole of TDP-43 in Non-Alzheimer s and Alzheimer s Neurodegenerative Diseases
Role of TDP-43 in Non-Alzheimer s and Alzheimer s Neurodegenerative Diseases Keith A. Josephs, MD, MST, MSc Professor of Neurology 13th Annual Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Symposium: Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer
More informationDementia. Stephen S. Flitman, MD Medical Director 21st Century Neurology
Dementia Stephen S. Flitman, MD Medical Director 21st Century Neurology www.neurozone.org Dementia is a syndrome Progressive memory loss, plus Progressive loss of one or more cognitive functions: Language
More informationThe Effect of White Matter Low Attenuation on Cognitive Performance in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Age and Ageing 1996:25:443-448 The Effect of White Matter Low Attenuation on Cognitive Performance in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type K. AMAR, R. S. BUCKS, T. LEWIS, M. SCOTT, G. K. WILCOCK Summary The
More informationSeptember 26 28, 2013 Westin Tampa Harbour Island. Co-sponsored by
September 26 28, 2013 Westin Tampa Harbour Island Co-sponsored by From Brains at Risk to Cognitive Dysfunction: The Role of Vascular Pathology Ralph Sacco, MD, MS, FAHA, FAAN Miller School of Medicine
More informationJournal of Contemporary Neurology
Journal of Contemporary Neurology Volume 1998, Article 4A June 1998 ISSN 1081-1818. MIT Press Journals, Five Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; tel.: (617) 253-2889; fax: (617) 577-1545; journalsorders@mit.edu,
More informationType II Diabetes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer s Disease: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Study in Germany
Galley Proof 8/01/2009; 15:59 File: jad981.tex; BOKCTP/ljl p. 1 Journal of Alzheimer s Disease 16 (2009) 1 5 1 DOI 10.3233/JAD-2009-0981 IOS Press Type II Diabetes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer
More informationThe Reliability and Validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL)
The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL Sue J. Kang, M.S., Seong Hye Choi, M.D.*, Byung H. Lee, M.A., Jay C. Kwon, M.D., Duk L. Na, M.D., Seol-Heui Han
More informationRegion-Specific Decline of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia: A Prospective 18 F-FDG-PET Study
Original Research Article Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2004;18:32 36 DOI: 10.1159/000077732 Accepted: September 23, 2003 Published online: April 6, 2004 Region-Specific Decline of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism
More informationThe course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part II: relationships among behavioural sub-syndromes and the influence of clinical variables
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005; 20: 531 536. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/gps.1317 The course of neuropsychiatric
More informationNew life Collage of nursing Karachi
New life Collage of nursing Karachi Presenter: Zafar ali shah Faculty: Raja khatri Subject: Pathophysiology Topic :Alzheimer s Disease Post RN BScN semester 2 nd Objective Define Alzheimer s Describe pathophysiology
More informationWHAT IS DEMENTIA? An acquired syndrome of decline in memory and other cognitive functions sufficient to affect daily life in an alert patient
DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA? An acquired syndrome of decline in memory and other cognitive functions sufficient to affect daily life in an alert patient Progressive and disabling Not an inherent aspect of
More informationYin-Hui Siow MD, FRCPC Director of Nuclear Medicine Southlake Regional Health Centre
Yin-Hui Siow MD, FRCPC Director of Nuclear Medicine Southlake Regional Health Centre Today Introduction to CT Introduction to MRI Introduction to nuclear medicine Imaging the dementias The Brain ~ 1.5
More informationVisual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study
630 Department of linical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy and Elderly are Research, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital L-O Wahlund P Julin P Scheltens Department of Statistics, Stockholm
More informationEFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ON THE PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA. Special Article
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ON THE PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA Special Article THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ON THE PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA TIMO ERKINJUNTTI, M.D., PH.D., TRULS ØSTBYE,
More informationSilent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline
The new england journal of medicine original article Silent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline Sarah E. Vermeer, M.D., Ph.D., Niels D. Prins, M.D., Tom den Heijer, M.D., Albert
More informationMR Imaging of the Hippocampus in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Correlations with Cortical Alzheimer s Disease Confirmed by Pathologic Analysis
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:409 414, February 2000 MR Imaging of the Hippocampus in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Correlations with Cortical Alzheimer s Disease Confirmed by Pathologic Analysis Sakari Savolainen,
More informationBaseline Characteristics of Patients Attending the Memory Clinic Serving the South Shore of Boston
Article ID: ISSN 2046-1690 Baseline Characteristics of Patients Attending the www.thealzcenter.org Memory Clinic Serving the South Shore of Boston Corresponding Author: Dr. Anil K Nair, Chief of Neurology,
More informationDementia Past, Present and Future
Dementia Past, Present and Future Morris Freedman MD, FRCPC Division of Neurology Baycrest and University of Toronto Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest CNSF 2015 Objectives By the end of this presentation,
More informationCSF Biomarkers and Incipient Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION CSF Biomarkers and Incipient Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Niklas Mattsson, MD Henrik Zetterberg, MD, PhD Oskar Hansson, MD, PhD Niels Andreasen, MD,
More informationAssessment at the bedside or in the clinic using the history, examination and laboratory tests to distinguish between different types of dementia
Assessment at the bedside or in the clinic using the history, examination and laboratory tests to distinguish between different types of dementia AP Passmore Content Common dementia syndromes (older people)
More informationProbable Early-onset Alzheimer s Disease Diagnosed by Comprehensive Evaluation and Neuroimage Studies
Case Report Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry (Taipei) Vol. 25 No. 1 2011 45 Probable Early-onset Alzheimer s Disease Diagnosed by Comprehensive Evaluation and Neuroimage Studies Sin-Yi Chen, M.D. 1, Yuan-Han
More informationSignificant cognitive improvement with cholinesterase inhibition in AD with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Paterson, Abdi 1 Significant cognitive improvement with cholinesterase inhibition in AD with cerebral amyloid angiopathy Ross W Paterson MRCP 1 *, Zeinab Abdi MRCP 1 *, Amanda Haines RMN 1, Jonathan M
More informationDepartment of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
Print ISSN 1738-1495 / On-line ISSN 2384-0757 Dement Neurocogn Disord 2015;14(4):137-142 / http://dx.doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2015.14.4.137 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DND Constructing a Composite Score for the Seoul
More informationDementia Update. October 1, 2013 Dylan Wint, M.D. Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health Las Vegas, Nevada
Dementia Update October 1, 2013 Dylan Wint, M.D. Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health Las Vegas, Nevada Outline New concepts in Alzheimer disease Biomarkers and in vivo diagnosis Future trends
More informationWhite matter hyperintensities correlate with neuropsychiatric manifestations of Alzheimer s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration
White matter hyperintensities correlate with neuropsychiatric manifestations of Alzheimer s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration Annual Scientific Meeting Canadian Geriatric Society Philippe Desmarais,
More informationSubject Index. Band of Giacomini 22 Benton Visual Retention Test 66 68
Subject Index Adams, R.D. 4 Addenbrooke s Cognitive Examination 101 Alzheimer s disease clinical assessment histological imaging 104 neuroimaging 101 104 neuropsychological assessment 101 clinical presentation
More informationCSF Phosphorylated Tau in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer s Disease A Meta-analysis of 51 Studies
CSF Phosphorylated Tau in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer s Disease A Meta-analysis of 51 Studies Alex J Mitchell To cite this version: Alex J Mitchell. CSF Phosphorylated
More informationUSE OF BIOMARKERS TO DISTINGUISH SUBTYPES OF DEMENTIA. SGEC Webinar Handouts 1/18/2013
Please visit our website for more information http://sgec.stanford.edu/ SGEC Webinar Handouts 1/18/2013 2013 WEBINAR SERIES STATE OF THE SCIENCE: DEMENTIA EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT AMONG DIVERSE OLDER
More informationAlzheimer's disease (AD), also known as Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) or simply Alzheimer s is the most common form of dementia.
CHAPTER 3 Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) or simply Alzheimer s is the most common form of dementia. This incurable, degenerative, terminal disease
More informationSilent Cerebral Strokes: Clinical Outcomes and Management
Silent Cerebral Strokes: Clinical Outcomes and Management Nagaendran Kandiah Senior Consultant Neurologist, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore Clinician Scientist, National Medical Research Council,
More informationALZHEIMER S DISEASE. Mary-Letitia Timiras M.D. Overlook Hospital Summit, New Jersey
ALZHEIMER S DISEASE Mary-Letitia Timiras M.D. Overlook Hospital Summit, New Jersey Topics Covered Demography Clinical manifestations Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Future trends Prevalence and Impact
More informationDevelopment of a Short Version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Specifically Adapted for Demented Nursing Home Residents
Development of a Short Version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Specifically Adapted for Demented Nursing Home Residents Ulrike Lueken, Ph.D., Ulrich Seidl, M.D., Lena Völker, Cand.Med., Elisabeth Schweiger,
More informationNACC Minimum Data Set (MDS) Public Data Element Dictionary
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington 4311 11 th Avenue NE #300 Seattle, WA 98105 phone: (206) 543-8637; fax: (206) 616-5927 e-mail: naccmail@u.washington.edu
More information.. Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE TPQ
Cloninger Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire TPQ Cloninger.... Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire TPQ : U=., p
More informationA new rapid landmark-based regional MRI segmentation method of the brain
Journal of the Neurological Sciences 194 (2002) 35 40 www.elsevier.com/locate/jns A new rapid landmark-based regional MRI segmentation method of the brain A.L.W. Bokde a, S.J. Teipel a, *, Y. Zebuhr a,
More informationFrontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies in a case-control study of Alzheimer s disease
International Psychogeriatrics: page 1 of 8 C 2009 International Psychogeriatric Association doi:10.1017/s1041610209009454 Frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies in a case-control study
More informationDISCLOSURES. Objectives. THE EPIDEMIC of 21 st Century. Clinical Assessment of Cognition: New & Emerging Tools for Diagnosing Dementia NONE TO REPORT
Clinical Assessment of Cognition: New & Emerging Tools for Diagnosing Dementia DISCLOSURES NONE TO REPORT Freddi Segal Gidan, PA, PhD USC Keck School of Medicine Rancho/USC California Alzheimers Disease
More informationAlzheimer CSF biomarkers in routine clinical setting
Acta Neurol Scand DOI: 1.1111/j.16-44.211.1592.x Ó 211 John Wiley & Sons A S ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA Alzheimer CSF biomarkers in routine clinical setting Tabaraud F, Leman JP, Milor AM, Roussie JM,
More informationFact Sheet Alzheimer s disease
What is Alzheimer s disease Fact Sheet Alzheimer s disease Alzheimer s disease, AD, is a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys a person s memory and ability to learn, reason, make judgements,
More informationRecent publications using the NACC Database. Lilah Besser
Recent publications using the NACC Database Lilah Besser Data requests and publications Using NACC data Number of requests by year Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Data files* 55 85 217 174 204
More informationThe validity of national hospital discharge register data on dementia: a comparative analysis using clinical data from a university medical centre
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The validity of national hospital discharge register data on dementia: a comparative analysis using clinical data from a university medical centre I.E. van de Vorst,, *, I. Vaartjes, L.F.
More informationVisual Rating Scale Reference Material. Lorna Harper Dementia Research Centre University College London
Visual Rating Scale Reference Material Lorna Harper Dementia Research Centre University College London Background The reference materials included in this document were compiled and used in relation to
More informationPapers. Detection of Alzheimer s disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population based cohort study. Abstract.
Detection of Alzheimer s disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population based cohort study Katie Palmer, Lars Bäckman, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni Abstract Objectives To evaluate a simple
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Hooshmand B, Magialasche F, Kalpouzos G, et al. Association of vitamin B, folate, and sulfur amino acids with brain magnetic resonance imaging measures in older adults: a longitudinal
More informationClinicopathologic and genetic aspects of hippocampal sclerosis. Dennis W. Dickson, MD Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida USA
Clinicopathologic and genetic aspects of hippocampal sclerosis Dennis W. Dickson, MD Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida USA The hippocampus in health & disease A major structure of the medial temporal
More informationBiomarkers for Alzheimer s disease
Biomarkers for Alzheimer s Disease Henrik Zetterberg, MD, PhD Professor of Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg 1 Alzheimer s disease 2 Neuropathological criteria for Alzheimer
More informationThe most common type of dementia, Alzheimer s disease
-Amyloid Load Is Not Influenced by the Severity of Cardiovascular Disease in Aged and Demented Patients Alafuzoff Irina, MD, PhD; Helisalmi Seppo, PhD; Mannermaa Arto, PhD; Riekkinen Paavo, Sr, MD, PhD;
More informationSeizures in Alzheimer s disease: a retrospective study of a cohort of outpatients
Original article Epileptic Disord 2010; 12 (1): 16-21 Seizures in Alzheimer s disease: a retrospective study of a cohort of outpatients Silvia Bernardi, Nicola Scaldaferri, Nicola Vanacore, Alessandro
More informationMild Cognitive Impairment
Mild Cognitive Impairment Victor W. Henderson, MD, MS Departments of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology & Neurological Sciences Stanford University Director, Stanford Alzheimer s
More informationEvaluation of coexistence of Alzheimer s disease in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using ELISA analyses for CSF biomarkers
Lim et al. BMC Neurology 2014, 14:66 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evaluation of coexistence of Alzheimer s disease in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using ELISA analyses for CSF biomarkers Tae
More informationVascular dementia (VaD) is preceded by several years of
Cognitive Functioning in Preclinical Vascular Dementia A 6-Year Follow-Up Erika Jonsson Laukka, MSc; Sari Jones, MSc; Laura Fratiglioni, MD, PhD; Lars Bäckman, PhD Background and Purpose Recent studies
More informationChapter 1. Introduction
The older people get, the bigger the chance of losing cognitive abilities and ultimately to develop dementia. Increasing age is the largest known risk factor of dementia, with a prevalence of 1% in people
More informationUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research
Skrobot, O., Black, S., Chen, C., Decarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Ford, G. A.,... Kehoe, P. G. (07). Progress towards standardised diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: Guidelines from the Vascular
More informationThe Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing an example of Australian research on Alzheimer s disease
The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing an example of Australian research on Alzheimer s disease AIBL: Two site collaborative study Study is conducted at two sites: Perth
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities and Rate of Decline in Everyday Function Across the Dementia Spectrum
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities and Rate of Decline in Everyday Function Across the Dementia Spectrum Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease Ozioma C. Okonkwo,
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. The Relative Frequency of Dementia of Unknown Etiology Increases With Age and Is Nearly 50% in Nonagenarians
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION The Relative Frequency of Dementia of Unknown Etiology Increases With Age and Is Nearly 50% in Nonagenarians Howard A. Crystal, MD; Dennis Dickson, MD; Peter Davies, PhD; David Masur,
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a postprint version which may differ from the publisher's version. For additional information about this
More informationUSE OF LABORATORY AND IMAGING INVESTIGATIONS IN DEMENTIA
USE OF LABORATORY AND IMAGING INVESTIGATIONS IN DEMENTIA c CLINICAL See end of article for authors affiliations Correspondence to: W M van der Flier, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Vrije
More informationPocket Reference to Alzheimer s Disease Management
Pocket Reference to Alzheimer s Disease Management Pocket Reference to Alzheimer s Disease Management Anna Burke, MD Geriatric Psychiatrist, Dementia Specialist Geri R Hall, PhD, ARNP, GCNS, FAAN Advanced
More informationORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION. How Complex Interactions of Ischemic Brain Infarcts, White Matter Lesions, and Atrophy Relate to Poststroke Dementia
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION How Complex Interactions of Ischemic Brain Infarcts, White Matter Lesions, and Atrophy Relate to Poststroke Dementia Tarja Pohjasvaara, MD, PhD; Riitta Mäntylä, MD; Oili Salonen,
More informationLewy body disease (LBD) is the second most common
REGULAR ARTICLES Lewy Body Disease: Can We Diagnose It? Michelle Papka, Ph.D. Ana Rubio, M.D., Ph.D. Randolph B. Schiffer, M.D. Christopher Cox, Ph.D. The authors assessed the accuracy of published clinical
More informationMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
October 19, 2018 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Yonas E. Geda, MD, MSc Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry Consultant, Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, and Neurology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
More information