Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment

Transcription

1 Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment

2 ENDOCRINE UPDATES Shlomo Melmed, M.D., Series Editor 1. E.R. Levin and J.L. Nadler (eds.): Endocrinology of Cardiovascular Function ISBN: l7-X 2. J.A. Fagin (ed.): Thyroid Cancer ISBN: J.S. Adams and BoP. Lukert (edso): Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment ISBN:

3 Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment edited by JOHN S. ADAMS, M.D. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California, USA and BARBARA P. LUKERT, M.D. University of Kansas Medical School Kansas City, Missouri, USA " ~. SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

4 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Copyright 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999 AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permis sion of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed an acid-free paper.

5 Table of Contents List of Contributors Dedication to Bayard Catherwood, M.D. vii xii 1. Osteoporosis: Understanding and Managing A Growing Health Care Problem John S. Adams and Barbara P. Lukert I. Genetics 2. Molecular Genetics of Skeletal 7 Morphogenesis Vicki Rosen and Laura Gamer 3. Genetics of Osteoporosis 25 John S. Adams 4. Genetic Strategies in Preclinical 33 Osteoporosis Research Robert F. Klein 5. Interdependence of Genetic and Epigenetic 57 Factors in Determining Bone Strength Janet Rubin and Clinton T. Rubin II. Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment 6. Quantitation of Bone Mineral Density in 75 the Growing Skeleton: Methods and Meaning Vicente Gilsanz 7. Prevention of Osteoporosis: Strategies for 89 Optimizing Peak Bone Mass Susan H. Allen 8. Skeletal Consequences of Physical Activity 121 Robert Marcus 9. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 135 Patrick M. Doran and Sundeep Khosla

6 vi 10. Individualizing Osteoporosis Therapy 155 Stuart L. Silverman III. Osteoporotic Syndromes of Emerging Impact II. Fall Prevention and Physical Therapy 169 Sal[y Rigler and Stephanie Studenski 12. Diagnosis and Treatment of Male 183 Osteoporosis Eric S. Orwoll 13. Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal 205 Osteodystrophy Dean T. Yamaguchi and Arnold f. FelsenJeld 14. Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis 233 Associated With Immunosuppressive Therapy Maria A. Rodino and Elizabeth Shane IS. Cancer and Bone Disease 247 Mark S. Nanes and Louisa Titus 16. Common Diseases Which May Complicate 275 the Osteoporosis Phenotype Michael Davies IV. The Future 17. Understanding and Manipulating Genes. 295 Hormones and Bone Cells Lawrence G. Raisz Index 301

7 List of Contributors Henry G. Bone, III, M.D. Director Michigan Bone and Mineral Clin Moross Ste 260 Detriot, MI Tel: 313/ Fax:313/ Michael Davies, MBBS, FRCP Department of Medicine Royal Infirmary Oxford Road Mancester, United Kingdom Tel: 061/ /4066 Fax:061/ Arnold J. Felsenfeld, M.D Rand Drive Sherman Oaks, CA Tel: 310/ Fax:310/ xt4334 Vicente Gilsanz, M.D. Radiology MS #81 Childrens Hosp of Los Angeles 4650 Sunset Boulevard Los Angeles, CA Tel: 213/ Fax:213/ Deborah E. Kipp Associate Professor Dept. of Dietetics & Nutrition Univ. of Kansas Med. Center 3901 Rainbow Blvd. Kansas City, KS Tel: 913/ Fax: 913/ Michael R. McClung, M.D. Oregon Osteoporosis Center 5050 NE Hoyt. Suite #651 Portland, OR Tel: Fax: Mark S. Nanes, M.D., Ph.D. Medical Service (111E) V AMC and Emory University 1670 Clairmont Avenue Decatur, GA Tel: 404/ xt2076 Fax: 404/ Eric S. Orwoll, M.D. Chief, Endo & Metab Portland V A Medical Center P.O. Box lo34 Portland, OR Tel: 503/ Fax: 503n Munro Peacock, M.D. Professor of Medicine General Clinical Res Center Indiana Univ Medical Center 550 N. University Blvd. Room 5595 Indianapolis, IN Tel: 317/ Fax: Lawrence G. Raisz, M.D. Endocrinology MC 1850 Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT Tel: 860/ Fax: 860/

8 viii List of Contributors (con't.) Robert F. Klein, M.D. Research Med Services-Ill P V A Medical Center 3710 SW US Veterans Hosp Road Portland, OR Tel: Fax:503n Clinton T. Rubin, Ph.D. Professor Dept of Orthopaedics T State Univ of NY - Stony Brook Musculo-Skeletal Research Lab Stony Brook, NY Tel: 516/ Fax:516/ Elizabeth Shane, M.D. Assoc. Prof. Of Clinical Med Dept of Medicine.PH 8 West Columbia University College Physicians & Surgeons 630 West 168 th Street New York, NY Tel: 212/ Fax: 212/ Vicki Rosen, Ph.D. Laura W. Gamer, Ph.D. Genetics Institute, Inc. 87 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge, MA Tel: 617/ Fax: Janet Rubin, M.D. VA Medical Center, Clairmont Road Decatur, GA Tel: 404/ xt 2080 Fax: 404n Dean Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. Assoc. Dir, Deputy ACOS Research and Development Geriatrics Res Education and Clinical Center V AMC West Los Angeles Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA Tel: Fax: 310/ Stuart L. Silverman, M.D Wilshire Blvd. #301 Beverly Hills, CA Tel: 310/ Fax:310/

9 Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment

10 This volume is dedicated to the memory of Bayard DeWolfe "Skip" Catherwood, M.D. Skip Catherwood was a fme scientist, who made important contributions to our understanding of signaling pathways, particularly those involving calcitropic hormones. He was a knowledgeable and perceptive physician whose clinical acumen was informed by deep biological understanding. As a teacher he communicated not just information and insight, but a way of thinking and working that has served his trainees well. His intellectual discipline led to a rational, although not always fashionable, understanding of the world. He was reserved in his manner, but possessed a wry sense of humor. He was a caring husband and father and exceptional friend. His personal and professional integrity were absolute. These are all admirable qualities of our friend's character, and they cause us to miss him grievously, especially since he left us long before his work was done, long before we could bear to let him go. It is not simply because of these qualities of his character that we dedicate this book to Skip's memory. The extraordinary thing about him was the integration of these qualities into his work. He was an insightful biologist and biochemist, always mindful of the relationship between the molecular, cellular, systemic and medical levels of a problem. Thoroughness and solidity were Skip's hallmarks. He approached any problem with perception, patience and a fundamentally positive approach that expressed his basic optimism. He believed in the ultimate solubility of problems and communicated his persevering, steady approach to his colleagues and trainees. On more than one occasion, a discouraged colleague, describing an apparent scientific impasse, got a fresh start when Skip asked "Have you tried...?" or "What if...?" followed by a cogent exposition of why"...?" just might work. These suggestions, low-keyed and often made after a reflective pause, have been extraordinarily helpful to many who knew him, not only because of their specific scientific content, but also because they restored confidence that a discouraging problem could be attacked. In this way, he expressed a sense cr collegiality which was far more than social. His belief in cooperation and sharing of ideas and effort was central to his character as a scientist and as a person. He expected no less from his colleagues, whom he brought together in many different settings, challenging them to integrate their ideas and efforts, in order to enhance their understanding of problems and to reach deeper insights into their solutions. Skip's interest in the problems and projects of others and his responsiveness to them were expressions of the good nature, good will and inquiring intelligence that bound us to him not only as colleagues but, forever, as friends. Henry G. Bone, M.D. and Louisa Titus, Ph.D.