Index. sleep.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Transcription

1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Accidents. See Motor vehicle accidents. Acetazolamide, in OSA therapy, 531 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, in OSA therapy, Acromegaly, OSA and, 534 Acupuncture, for OSA therapy, Adaptive servoventilation (ASV), treatment of complex OSA with, Adenoidectomy, for OSA therapy, Adenotonsillectomy, for OSA therapy in children, , 498 Age, effect on pathophysiology of OSA, 429 Airway collapsibility, in OSA pathophysiology, 427 Alternative therapies, for OSA, acupuncture, diaphragmatic pacing, 553 hypoglossal nerve stimulation, musical instruments, nasal cannulas, nasal resistive devices, nasal strips, positional therapy, snore pillows, 547 speech exercises, 550 Amphetamines, use in CPAP users with residual Anatomy, influence on pathophysiology of OSA, Anesthetic agents, to avoid or monitor in OSA patients, 537 Apnea. See Obstructive sleep apnea. Appliances, oral. See Oral appliance therapy. Armodafinil. See Modafinil. Arousal response, in OSA pathophysiology, 428 Arrhythmias, effects of OSA therapy on, Atherosclerosis, subclinical, effects of OSA therapy on, Automobile driving, by patients with OSA. See Transportation. B Barbiturates, to avoid or monitor in OSA patients, 536 Bariatric surgery, to treat OSA in children, 488 Benzodiazepines, to avoid or monitor in OSA patients, 536 Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), mask interfaces for, Sleep Med Clin 8 (2013) X/13/$ see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. treatment of complex OSA with, 470 Biomarkers, for EDS in OSA patients, C Caffeine, use in CPAP users with residual sleepiness, Cannulas, nasal, for OSA therapy, Cardiac arrhythmias, effects of OSA therapy on, Cardiovascular disease, effects of OSA therapy on, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, overview, stroke, subclinical atherosclerosis, Central sleep apnea, as part of complex OSA, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, in complex OSA, Children. See Pediatrics. Commercial driver s licenses, OSA and, Comorbid conditions, with OSA, medications for, Complex obstructive sleep apnea, clinical characteristics, natural history, pathophysiology, primary, 467 treatment-emergent, prevalence, treatment, ASV, BPAP and APAP, 470 CPAP, 470 dead space, oxygen, 472 pharmacotherapy, 471 Compliance, costs of inadequate adherence to CPAP, with OSA treatment, mask interfaces for, Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), as means of weight loss in OSA therapy, 522 cost -effectiveness of, versus oral appliances, costs of inadequate adherence to, mask interfaces for, residual sleepiness in OSA patients treated with, sleep.theclinics.com

2 608 Coronary heart disease, effects of OSA therapy on, Costs, of OSA diagnosis and therapy, CPAP vs. oral appliances, diagnosis, novel therapies, nasal expiratory PAP, 567 oral pressure therapy, 567 oral appliances, 561 related to lack of treatment for, inadequate adherence to CPAP, societal costs of unrecognized OSA, surgical procedures, Craniofacial abnormalities, OSA therapy in children with, 489 Craniofacial surgery, in therapy of OSA, Cytokines, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, D Dead space, in treatment of complex OSA, Decongestants, in OSA therapy, Depression, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, 574 major, stimulants in OSA and, 529 Dermatologic side effects, and mask interfaces for OSA treatment, 480 Diagnosis, of OSA, cost of, Diaphragmatic pacing, for OSA therapy, 553 Didgeridoo playing, as OSA therapy, 550 domperidone, in OSA therapy, Down syndrome, OSA therapy in children with, 489 Doxapram, in OSA therapy, 532 Driver s licenses, commercial, OSA and, Driving performance, in assessment of excessive sleepiness, 596 real world, 597 simulated, Dyslipidemia, comorbid with OSA, medications for, E EDS. See Excessive daytime sleepiness. Endocrinologic disorders, OSA and, acromegaly, 534 hypothyroidism, Epiglottitis, surgery of, in therapy of OSA, 499 Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), assessment of alertness and, 594 in OSA, causes of, biomarkers, cytokines, and hormones, chronic intermittent hypoxia theory, G depression, 574 inadequate CPAP treatment, insufficient sleep, 574 narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements, 575 definition of, measurement of, treatment of, outcomes of therapy for, in patients with OSA, stimulant use in CPAP users with, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, in OSA therapy, 535 Genial tubercle advancement, in therapy of OSA, Glutamate antagonists, in OSA therapy, 532 H Hard palate, rapid maxillary expansion for therapy of OSA, transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty for therapy of OSA, 498 Heart failure, comorbid with OSA, medications for, Hormones, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, Hypersomnia. See also Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). outcomes of therapy for, in patients with OSA, causes and effects in OSA patients, definition, 584 despite PAP treatment, measurements of EDS, possible causes and changes noted in, 587 treatments for, in patents on PAP therapy, 588 Hypertension, and OSA treatment, comorbid with OSA, medications for, Hypoglossal nerve stimulation, for OSA therapy, Hypopharynx, surgery of, in therapy of OSA, Hypothyroidism, OSA and, Hypoxemia, in OSA, impact on metabolic function, Hypoxia, chronic intermittent, as theory for EDS in OSA patients, I Infants, OSA therapy in, Inflammation, systemic, in OSA, as instigator of altered metabolic function,

3 609 Insufficient sleep, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, 574 L Larynx, surgery of, in therapy of OSA, 499 Legal issues, laws and regulations regarding OSA screening, Leuktriene inhibitors, in OSA therapy, Lifestyle interventions, for weight loss in management of OSA, Lipid biology, effect of OSA treatment on, M Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, in assessment of excessive sleepiness, , 596 Male gender, effect on pathophysiology of OSA, 429 Mask interfaces, for positive airway pressure machines, combination devices, 480 full face mask, general considerations, in pediatric population, 480 nasal mask, nasal pillows, oral mask, 479 oronasal mask, Maxillary expansion, rapid, to treat OSA in children, 487 Maxillomandibular advancement, in therapy of OSA, Medications. See Pharmacotherapy and individual agents. Medicolegal issues, OSA and transportation, assessment of excessive sleepiness and alertness, 594 effects on neurocognitive performance, neurocognitive function, 592 sleep loss, consequences and perception of, laws and regulations regarding OSA screening, motor vehicle accidents and, 599 effects of therapy for OSA on accidents, 599 role of the sleep physician, 602 Menopause, OSA and, 535 Metabolic syndrome, OSA therapy and, effect of CPAP on lipid biology and visceral adiposity, effect on components of metabolic syndrome, non-pap modalities, 447 PAP, epidemiology, hypertension, interrelationships with obesity and, mechanisms of altered metabolic regulation in, hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, 436 systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, Methamphetamine, use in CPAP users with residual Methylphenidate, use in CPAP users with residual Methylxanthine derivatives, in OSA therapy, 531 Modafinil, to promote alertness in OSA patients, in CPAP users with residual excessive sleepiness, major depression and, 529 possible long-term use of, 529 possible role in acute withdrawal from CPAP, 529 Motor vehicle accidents, OSA and, 599 effects of OSA therapy accidents, 599 Multiple Sleep Latency Test, in assessment of excessive sleepiness, , Musical instruments, OSA therapy with, N Narcolepsy, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, Nasal cannulas, for OSA therapy, Nasal cavity, surgical therapy of OSA in, Nasal expiratory PAP (EPAP), cost of, 567 Nasal masks, Nasal pillows, Nasal resistive devices, for OSA therapy, Nasal steroid sprays, in OSA therapy, Nasal strips, for OSA therapy, Nasopharynx, surgical therapy of OSA in,

4 610 Neck, in therapy of OSA, Neurocognitive performance, consequences of OSA on, Nicotinic agents, in OSA therapy, O Obesity, comorbid with OSA, medications for, effect on pathophysiology of OSA, OSA therapy and metabolic syndrome, OSA therapy in obese children, 489 weight loss in management of OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), alternative therapies for, acupuncture, diaphragmatic pacing, 553 hypoglossal nerve stimulation, musical instruments, nasal cannulas, nasal resistive devices, nasal strips, positional therapy, snore pillows, 547 speech exercises, 550 anatomy and physiology, anatomy, effect of risk factors, age, 429 male gender, 429 obesity, pathophysiology, arousal response, 428 effect of lung volumes, 427 pharyngeal neuropathy, 428 upper airway collapsibility, 427 upper airway dilator muscle activity, ventilatory control stability, 428 complex, clinical characteristics, clinical implications, 472 natural history, pathophysiology, primary, 467 treatment-emergent, prevalence, treatment, ASV, BPAP and APAP, 470 CPAP, 470 dead space, oxygen, 472 pharmacotherapy, 471 cost of diagnosis and therapy for, CPAP vs. oral appliances, diagnosis, novel therapies, nasal expiratory PAP, 567 oral pressure therapy, 567 oral appliances, 561 related to lack of treatment for, inadequate adherence to CPAP, societal costs of unrecognized OSA, surgical procedures, effects of OSA therapy on cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, overview, stroke, subclinical atherosclerosis, in children, diagnosis in, special populations, specific therapies, mask interfaces, combination devices, 480 full face mask, general considerations, in pediatric population, 480 nasal mask, nasal pillows, oral mask, 479 oronasal mask, metabolic outcomes and therapy of, effect of CPAP on lipid biology and visceral adiposity, effect of therapy on components of metabolic syndrome, non-pap modalities, 447 PAP, epidemiology, hypertension, interrelationships with metabolic syndrome and obesity, physiologic and biologic mechanisms of altered metabolic regulation in, hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, 436 systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, oral appliance therapy, bite registration, 509 classification and mechanism of action, 506 clinical evaluation, maxillomandibular shape, 510 musculoskeletal, nasal obstruction, oropharyngeal, 510 efficacy and side effects, 506 occlusal symptoms, symptoms of TMJ disorder,

5 611 outcomes of therapy for hypersomnia in, causes and effects in OSA patients, definition, 584 despite PAP treatment, measurements of EDS, possible causes and changes noted in, 587 treatments for, in patents on PAP therapy, 588 pharmacologic therapy for, for comorbid conditions, for endocrinologic disorders with, medications to avoid in patients with OSA, to promote alertness, to reduce nasal air resistance and congestion, to stimulate ventilation, residual sleepiness in, causes of, definition of EDS, measuring EDS, treatment of EDS in patients with, surgical treatment of, craniofacial, epiglottis, 499 hard palate, hypopharynx, larynx, 499 neck, nose, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx, oropharynx, 498 soft palate, 497 transportation and, medicolegal issues, assessment of excessive sleepiness and alertness, 594 effects on neurocognitive performance, neurocognitive function, 592 sleep loss, consequences and perception of, laws and regulations regarding OSA screening, motor vehicle accidents and, 599 effects of therapy for OSA on accidents, 599 role of the sleep physician, 602 weight loss in management of, CPAP, 522 lifestyle interventions, pharmacologic therapies, surgical therapies, Occupational safety, OSA in pilots, railroad engineers, and merchant Ocular complications, and mask interfaces for OSA treatment, Opioid antagonists, in OSA therapy, 532 Opioids, to avoid or monitor in OSA patients, Oral appliance therapy, for OSA, 487, , bite registration, 509 classification and mechanism of action, 506 clinical evaluation, maxillomandibular shape, 510 musculoskeletal, nasal obstruction, oropharyngeal, 510 cost-effectiveness of, 561 versus CPAP, efficacy and side effects, 506 in children, 487 occlusal symptoms, symptoms of TMJ disorder, Oral pressure therapy, cost of, 567 Oronasal mask, Oropharynx, surgery of, in therapy of OSA, 498 OSA. See Obstructive sleep apnea. Oxidative stress, in OSA, as instigator of altered metabolic function, Oxygen, in treatment of complex OSA, 472 supplemental, to treat OSA in children, 488 P Pathophysiology, of complex OSA, primary, 467 treatment-emergent, of OSA, arousal response, 428 effect of lung volumes, 427 pharyngeal neuropathy, 428 upper airway collapsibility, 427 upper airway dilator muscle activity, ventilatory control stability, 428 Pediatrics, mask interfaces in, 480 OSA in children, diagnosis in, special populations, Down syndrome, 489 infants, obese, 489 Prader-Willi syndrome, with craniofacial abnormalities, 489 specific therapies, adenotonsillectomy, bariatric surgery, 488 oral appliances, 487

6 612 Pediatrics (continued ) partial tonsillectomy, 486 pharmacologic therapies, 487 positional therapy, positive airway pressure, 486 rapid maxillary expansion, 487 supplemental oxygen, 488 tracheostomy, 488 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 488 weight loss, 488 Periodic leg movements in sleep, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, 575 Pharmacotherapy, for OSA, for comorbid conditions, for endocrinologic disorders with, medications to avoid in patients with OSA, anesthetic agents, 537 benzodiazepines and barbiturates, 536 opioids, to promote alertness, to reduce nasal air resistance and congestion, to stimulate ventilation, for OSA in children, 487 leukotriene receptor antagonists, 487 nasal steroids, 487 for weight loss in management of OSA, treatment of complex OSA with, 471 Pharyngeal closing pressure, in OSA pathophysiology, Pharyngeal neuropathy, in OSA pathophysiology, 428 Pharynx, surgery of, in therapy of OSA, Pillows, snore, for OSA therapy, 547 Polypectomy, for OSA therapy, Polysomnography, in diagnosis of OSA in children, Positional therapy, for OSA, to treat OSA in children, Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, for OSA therapy, effects on cardiovascular disease, for complex OSA, hypersomnia in OSA patients despite, possible causes of, 587 treatments for, 588 in children, 486 mask interfaces for, Prader-Willi syndrome, OSA therapy in children with, Progesterone, in OSA therapy, 535 R Rapid maxillary expansion, to treat OSA in children, 487 REM suppressants, in OSA therapy, Residual sleepiness, in OSA, causes of, biomarkers, cytokines, and hormones, chronic intermittent hypoxia theory, depression, 574 inadequate CPAP treatment, insufficient sleep, 574 narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements, 575 definition of EDS, measuring EDS, treatment of EDS in patients with, stimulant use in CPAP users with, Restless legs syndrome, as cause of EDS in OSA patients, 575 Rhinoplasty, for OSA therapy, Risk factors, effect on OSA, age, 429 male gender, 429 obesity, S Septoplasty, for OSA therapy, Serotonergic agents, in OSA therapy, Servoventilation, adaptive (ASV), treatment of complex OSA with, Simulators, driving, in assessment of excessive sleepiness, Sleep apnea. See Obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep fragmentation, in OSA, impact on metabolic regulation, 436 Sleep loss, due to OSA, consequences and perceptions of, Sleep physician, role in medicolegal issues with OSA and driving, 602 Snore pillows, for OSA therapy, 547 Soft palate, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for therapy of OSA, 497 Speech exercises, for OSA therapy, 550 Stimulant therapy, in CPAP users with residual Stroke, effects of OSA therapy on, Surgical therapy, for OSA, 488, costs associated with, craniofacial, epiglottis, 499 hard palate, hypopharynx, in children, 488 adenotonsillectomy, bariatric surgery, 488 partial tonsillectomy, 486 tracheostomy, 488

7 613 T uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 488 larynx, 499 neck, nose, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx, oropharynx, 498 soft palate, 497 for weight loss in management of OSA, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, as side effect of oral appliance therapy for OSA, Tongue surgeries, in therapy of OSA, 498 Tonsillectomy, partial, for OSA therapy in children, 486, 498 Tracheostomy, to treat OSA, in children, 488 Transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty, for therapy of OSA, 498 Transportation, and OSA, medicolegal issues, assessment of excessive sleepiness and alertness, 594 effects on neurocognitive performance, neurocognitive function, 592 sleep loss, consequences and perception of, laws and regulations regarding OSA screening, motor vehicle accidents and, 599 effects of therapy for OSA on accidents, 599 role of the sleep physician, 602 Turbinoplasty, for OSA therapy, U Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, for therapy of OSA, 497 to treat OSA in children, 488 V Ventilation, drugs that stimulate, use in OSA therapy, acetazolamide, 531 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, doxapram, 532 glutamate antagonists, 532 methylxanthine derivatives, 531 nicotinic agents, opioid antagonists, 532 serotonergic agents and REM suppressants, Ventilatory control stability, in OSA pathophysiology, 428 Visceral adiposity, effect of OSA treatment on, W Weight loss, in management of OSA, 488, CPAP, 522 in children, 488 lifestyle interventions, pharmacologic therapies, surgical therapies,