Trypanosomiasis. By Ahmed Faris Alila Ahmed Laith Al-Nuaimi Ahmed Mohammed Al-juboory Ahmed Naaif Talib Ahmed Nadhem Al-Obeidy Osama Ahmed Al-Obeidy

Transcription

1 Trypanosomiasis By Ahmed Faris Alila Ahmed Laith Al-Nuaimi Ahmed Mohammed Al-juboory Ahmed Naaif Talib Ahmed Nadhem Al-Obeidy Osama Ahmed Al-Obeidy

2 Ahmed Faris Alila

3 Trypanosomiasis Kingdom: Protisata Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Class: Zoomastrgophora Order: Kimetplastida Family: Trypanosomatidae Genus: Trypanosoma Species: brucei, cruzi, rangeli

4 Trypanosoma sp. T. brucei gambiense - cause: West African sleeping sickness T. brucei rhodesiense - cause: East African sleeping sickness T. cruzi - cause: American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. T. rangeli - Cause: T. rangel infection.

5 T. b. gambiense Cause West African sleeping sickness. tsetse fly belt is a large area of Africa that has reported cases of African sleeping sickness. Vector/ intermediate host: Glossina (tsetse) fly.

6 T. burgei gambiense

7 Tsetse fly

8 Geographical distribution The savanna vectors G.morsitans and G. palidipes are responsible for the transmission of T. rhodesiense in East Africa, while the principal vectors of west African sleeping sickness are G. palpalis, G. fuscipes and G. tachinoides.

9 Ahmed Laith Al-Nuaimi

10 Life cycle of T.brucei

11 Transmission Occurs through: - the bite of an infected tsetse fly, - blood transfusion, - Organ transplant, and - congenital transmission (from pregnant mother to fetus).

12 Ahmed Mohammed Al-Juboory

13 Pathogenesis Infection is characterized by 3 progressive stages: 1) local inflammation leads to the development of a painful ulcerative lesion called: trypanosomal chancre at the bite site. 2) Trypomastigotes may be seen in the blood film examination. - Glandular enlargement and lymphadenopathy (enlargement of the lymph nodes).

14 3) trypomastigotes may be seen in the patient s spinal fluid -sleepiness progresses to coma and eventual death

15 Diagnosis Microscopic examination Concentration technique centrifugation Serologic technique Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT)

16 Treatment Pentamidine isothionate Melarsoprol Suramin

17 Ahmed Naaif Talib

18 Prevention Control, management & avoidance of the insect vector Clearing of vegetation where tsetse flies breed Wide use of insecticides Travelers to endemic areas encouraged to wear long sleeved protective clothing Wear thick Khaki or olive drab clothing coz tsetse flies are attracted to bright and dark colors. Use bed net Insect repellent

19 T. burgei rhodesiensi

20 T. brucei rhodesiense Course of East African sleeping sickness 1 st isolated from a patient in Rhodesia Clinical presentation- more fulminant course and severe symptoms The incidence is far less than Gambian disease but if left untreated death will ensure within several weeks to months rather than years.

21 Life cycle Similar to T.b. gambiense

22 Transmission Transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly: -G. pallidipes -G. morsitans -G. swynnertoni

23 Pathogenesis Produce a more acute form Stages of disease and symptomology similar with Gambian infection. Disease progress rapidly Much shorter clinical course Incubation period: shortened by the abrupt onset of febrile episodes

24 Laboratory diagnosis Similar to T.b.gambiense

25 Treatment Similar to T.b.gambiense No vaccine available

26 Ahmed Nadhem AlObady

27 T. cruzi Cause of American trypanosomiasis/ chagas disease. Chagas disease: named for the Brazilian medical student, Carlos Chagas who has discovered the parasite in Has an intracellular amastigote stage that develops in cardiac, brain and visceral tissues. Also has trypomastigotes in the peripheral circulation.

28 T. cruzi

29 Geographical distribution

30 Life cycle of T. cruzi

31 Osama Ahmed Al-Obeidy

32 Trypanosoma cruzi vector Triatomine bug,, defecating on the wound after taking a blood meal

33 Reduviid bug - triatoma species

34 Transmission Transmitted by : reduviid bug -also known as kissing bug or triatomid bug. -vector: genus Panstrongylus or Triatoma Transmitted via: -the bite of infected vector -blood transfusion -transplacental route -accidental ingestion of an infected insect

35 Treatment Nifurtimox Allupurinol Benznidazole Diuretic treatment Surgical intervention

36 Thank You For Listening