SHIFT WORK AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Presented by: Dile V. Brooks, Jr. Alabama Power Company EPRI POWER SWITCHING SAFETY & RELIABILITY CONFERENCE
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1 SHIFT WORK AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Presented by: Dile V. Brooks, Jr. Alabama Power Company EPRI POWER SWITCHING SAFETY & RELIABILITY CONFERENCE Quincy, Ma October 14-15, 2009
2 Effects of Shiftwork on Performance - Low Morale - Decreased Motivation - Increased Errors - Reduced Productivity - Burnout
3 Effects of Shiftwork on Employee Fatigue - Disrupted Sleep at home - Chronic Sleep Deprivation - Lack of awareness of extent of sleep debt - Micro-sleep - Nodding off on the job - Reduced Alertness & performance
4 Fatigue Related Problems - Inattention - Impaired Judgement - Carelessness - Failure to follow procedures - Miscommunications - Slow Response - Micro-sleep
5 Costs of Excessive Fatigue - Production Errors - Miscommunications - Morale - Absenteeism - Medical Cost - Overtime Cost
6 Times When Human Error Most Likely to Occur: - In the early hours between MN - 7am - After Lunch (1:00-04:00pm) - On the first and 2nd night shifts of the week - Between 2nd & 4th hour of a shift - On the drive home.
7 Micro-Sleep - Short burst of sleep - Seconds or minute long - Eyelid Blinking slows down - Often precedes nodding off - Loss of Awareness - Serious driving hazard
8 Interesting Fact It s s not DUI, it s s DWS 24 hours without sleep is considered to be equal to being intoxicated from alcohol with an alcohol level of 1.2
9 Potential Fatigue Countermeasures Biocompatible Scheduling Systems Training and Support Programs for Managing a Shiftwork Lifestyle Sleep Management and Napping System Improvements in Work Environment Medical Staff Training and Shiftwork Maladaptation Management Sleep Disorder Management Program Audiogenic Sleep Training Programs Alert Monitoring Technologies
10 Countermeasures cont. And most important: CHANGE THE CORPORATE CULTURE TO MORE EFFECTIVELY MANAGE THE RISK OF FATIGUE Supported by senior and local operating management, national and local union leadership, and employees
11 Effects of Shiftwork on Health - Heart Disease - Stomach Disorders - Chronic Sleep Disorders - Exacerbation of dormant medical and psychiatric problems
12 Effects of Shiftwork on Family/Social Life - Irritability - Lack of communication - Lack of participation - Withdrawal - Increased Divorce Rate
13 Do you promise to love and cherish each other In sickness, health, and rotating shifts?
14 7 Keys To A Happier Home Life 1. Share Schedule Information 2. Address problems head on 3. Set up a bulletin board 4. Plan a date with your spouse 5. Use technology to your advantage 6. Allow time for recovery days 7. Make plans with other night workers
15 Scheduling as a Competitive Advantage - Improved Morale - Decreased Absenteeism - Increased Production - Better Communications - Medical Cost reduced - Happy Shiftworkers
16 A Universe of Schedules - Unlimited number of schedules for a 7-day 7 operation - Some schedules are more commonly used than others - Process to narrow choice down to a few that: - Meet business needs - Fit with features preferred by the employees - Work well with circadian physiology - Have the employees select the schedule
17 Current Trends in Shiftwork Schedules - Rapid conversion to 12 hour schedules - Companies Investing Time and Money to develop best schedule - Utilizing schedule development process incorporating employee involvement vs. mandated schedules - Realization that there is no Perfect Schedule
18 Bio-Compatible Schedules - Rotation direction: Forward - Rotation Speed: Slower the better - Start times: Discourage start times - Maximum Consecutive 12 hour shifts: 4 - Minimum Time off between work blocks: No less than 48 hours - Maximum Shift Length: 12 hours - Ergonomic Structure
19 Scheduling Considerations - Length of work week - Number of teams - Number of Shifts - Direction of Rotation - Days on/off pattern - Speed of Rotation
20 Scheduling Considerations - Length of breaks - Frequency of breaks - Number of Consecutive Shifts - Amount of Weekend time off - Number of days before weekend time off - Relief Coverage - Implementation Issues - Cost Neutrality
21 Pros of 12 hour Shift Schedules - Increased number of days & weekends off - More frequent & longer breaks which provide rest/recovery time - Fewer shift turnovers and rotations - Better communications between shifts - Reduced Travel Time & Commuting Cost - Allows for better use of vacation time
22 Pros of 12 hour Shift Schedules (con t) - Reduced Absenteeism - Lower Attrition & Turnover - No more physiologically difficult than 8 hour shifts - Higher quality social and family time off - More popular with shiftworkers and families - 91 days more off (Still 2184 hours)
23 Cons of 12-hour Shift Schedules - Sometimes difficult for older workers - Management communication less convenient - Little time off on days worked - Reduced flexibility for training - Less flexibility in scheduling meetings - More lost pay for day missed - Requires sleep schedule adjustments
24 Counterclockwise Rotation Schedule The Southern Swing 7 2, 7 2, 7-3 M T W TH F S S N N N N N N N E E E E E E E D D D D D D D
25 Forward Rotating 8-Hour Schedule 7 2, 7 2, 7 3 M T W TH F S S D D D D D D D E E E E E E E N N N N N N N
26 Fast Rotation 12-Hour Schedule 2 2, 3 2, 2 3 M T W TH F S S D D N N N D D N N D D D N N
27 Biocompatable 12-Hour Schedule 2 2, 3 2, 2 3; 2 Week Rotation M T W TH F S S D D D D D D D N N N N N N N
28 12-Hour Schedule 3 s and 4 s 5 Crew Rotation M T W TH F S S N N N N D D D *R *R *R *R *R *R *R D D D D N N N *Note: No more than (3) 12-hour shifts or (4) 8 hour shifts.
29 12-Hour Schedule 3 s and 4 s 6 Crew Rotation M T W TH F S S N N N N D D D TRN TRN TRN TRN TRN *R *R *R *R *R *R *R D D D D N N N *Note: No more than (3) 12-hour shifts or (4) 8 hour shifts.
30 Circadian Technologies, Inc. - Harvard Medical School - Institute for Circadian Physiology - Circadian Technologies, Inc.
31 Circadian Technologies, Inc. Consulting: Shift work Strategy Development Alertness Assurance Systems Shift Schedule Optimization Programs Shift work Lifestyle Training Shift work Seminars
32 Circadian Technologies, Inc. Technology: Sleep & Alertness Research Alertness Monitoring Human Alertness Technologies Workplace Design Circadian Alertness Simulation
33 Circadian Technologies, Inc. Information: Internet Home Page: Shift work Alert Newsletter Shift worker Family Calendar Books & Reports Videos & Training Materials
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