Perception of Electronic Cigarette Use and Effects on Division III Athletes

Transcription

1 Perception of Electronic Cigarette Use and Effects on Division III Athletes Byron Campbell Damian Pulos Kimberly Pritchard PhD, LAT, ATC Michael Kotelnicki MS, ATC

2 Introduction An electronic cigarette is a hand held nicotine delivery system. 2-4 EC are found in a variety of settings Nicotine replacement therapy 4 Recreational/social 5 Performance enhancement 6-7

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4 Did You Know? 22.4% high school student-athletes use tobacco products 8 8.8% are smokeless tobacco products 15% US college male athletes are smokers 9 Division I vs Division III baseball 10 DI 62.5% smokeless tobacco use DIII 14.3% smokeless tobacco use

5 Purpose To understand the perception athletes and non-athletes have of electronic cigarette use in Division III college athletes.

6 Methods: Design Observational Survey Independent Variables: Group Athletes Non-Athletes Dependent Variables Likert-type responses 10 questions related to use and perception of EC

7 Methods: Subjects Inclusion Criteria All participants Currently enrolled at SU years old Athlete Currently on a varsity team roster Non-athlete Has not competed for any varsity team within the last year. Exclusion Criteria All participants Not enrolled as full-time student

8 Methods: Instruments Survey Likert-type questions NO YES

9 Survey

10 Methods: Procedures Participants notified of survey Participants read and sign informed consent form Participants complete survey Results are reported in the aggregate

11 Methods: Statistical Analysis Response frequencies were summarized for each question Chi square tests of independence were used to determine group associations Cramer s phi was used to assess the strength of association Α set to p< 0.05

12 Are you currently a user of electronic cigarettes? P = Non-Athlete Athlete Yes No

13 Have you ever tried electronic cigarettes? P = Non-Athlete Athlete Yes No

14 I am aware of electronic cigarettes and their uses P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

15 Athletes that use electronic cigarettes find their 40 performance-level is enhanced. 35 P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

16 Electronic cigarettes have the same health related risks as traditional cigarettes P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

17 40 35 Which sport is most likely to use electronic cigarettes the most? P = Non-Athlete Athlete La Bk Bb Vb Fb Fh So TF

18 40 35 Male athletes are more prone to electronic cigarette use than female athletes. P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

19 40 35 Electronic cigarettes are recreationally and socially acceptable. P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

20 The presence of electronic cigarettes is rising? P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

21 The presence of electronic cigarettes in athletics is rising? P = Non-Athlete Athlete ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA

22 Discussion: Binary Responses There was a statistically significant association Majority of both groups are currently not users. Non-Athletes were found to be more likely to try electronic cigarettes.

23 Discussion: Likert-Type Responses Results show both groups have similar viewpoints on most of survey questions. Athletes neither agreed nor disagreed that electronic cigarettes enhanced performance Despite the nation trend, both Athletes and Non-Athletes neither agreed nor disagreed that electronic cigarette presence was rising. 13

24 Discussion: Most Likely Sport Collegiate baseball athletes were most perceived to engage in electronic cigarette use. Lacrosse was second most perceived (more so amongst athletes) Both sports have been commonly linked to substance use 14

25 Limitations Sample size Neither Agree nor Disagree Option Honesty/ fear of punishment Subjects knowledge of electronic cigarettes

26 Future Research Examine perception of hookah use and cigarette usage in Division III athletes Eliminate NA (Neither agree or disagree) option in Likert scale.

27 Clinical Meaningfulness Having an understanding of the correlation between vaping and athletes may help ATs further enhance their counseling skills on this new and social trend to athletes under their care Having an understanding of public perception on EC and how they are thought to effect athletic performance.

28 Thank You

29 Methods: Statistical Analysis Sample size Estimate 350 student-athletes at SU Reach out to just as many non-athlete students CI 95% Margin of error 5% Sample size estimation 120 surveys collected 12

30 Survey (cont.)

31 Survey (cont.)

32 Survey (cont.)

33 References 1. Olsen S. E-Cig vapor particles hit your lungs like smoke. Medical Daily. Published May 8, Accessed August 8, Zhu S-H, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 3):iii3-iii9. doi: /tobaccocontrol Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic Cigarettes: Effective Nicotine Delivery After Acute Administration. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(1): doi: /ntr/ntr Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(2): doi: / Black AC, Hochman E, Rosen MI. Acute Effects of Competitive Exercise on Risk-Taking in a Sample of Adolescent Male Athletes. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2013;25(2): doi: / Cadwallader AB, Murray B. Performance-Enhancing Drugs I: Understanding the Basics of Testing for Banned Substances. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(4): Veliz PT, Boyd CJ, McCabe SE. Competitive Sport Involvement and Substance Use among Adolescents: A Nationwide Study. Subst Use Misuse. 2015;50(2): doi: / Agaku IT, Singh T, Jones SE, et al. Combustible and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among High School Athletes-United States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(34): Primack BA, Fertman CI, Rice KR, Adachi-Mejia AM, Fine MJ. Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking Among College Athletes in the United States. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2010;46(1): doi: /j.jadohealth Farrey A. A Comparison of Smokeless Tobacco Usage in Two NCAA Baseball Programs Accessed July 16, Halpert M. E-cigarettes might help smoking cessation. Duke Research Blog. Sites.duke.edu. Duke University. Published September 10, Accessed August 8, Surveymonkey.com/mp/sample-size-calculator/ 13. Littlefield AK, Gottlieb JC, Cohen LM, et al. Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students: Links to Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Smoking, and Heaving Drinking. J Am Coll Health. 2015;63(8): doi: / Farrey A. A Comparison of Smokeless Tobacco Usage in Two NCAA Baseball Programs Accessed July 16, 2016.