Thirdhand Smoke: A Persistent Environmental Toxin

Transcription

1 Welcome to today s webinar: Thirdhand Smoke: A Persistent Environmental Toxin Presented by: Suzaynn Schick, PhD, University of California, San Francisco TIME: 2:00 3:00 P.M. FOR AUDIO: Call (647) (if you are located within the GTA) or +1(866) (toll-free) Access code: # If you are having technical difficulties, please call

2 Submitting comments or questions Enter your comments or questions in this chat box (bottom left corner of your screen). They will be posted and shared with everyone in the webinar. If you experience technical difficulties using the chat box during the webinar, please your questions to

3 POLL: Who s There? How many people are attending today s webinar with you? *Please count yourself plus anyone else in the room who is sharing your login credentials or more (Please enter into the chat box the number of people attending this webinar with you) 3

4 Today s Speaker Suzaynn Schick Assistant Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Environmental scientist who studies the health effects of air pollutants 4

5 Thirdhand Cigarette Smoke: A Persistent Environmental Contaminant Suzaynn F. Schick, PhD University of California, San Francisco 5

6 Thanks Lab Staff Kelly Pratt, Adam Whitlatch, Abel Huang UCSF John Balmes, Neal Benowitz, Peyton Jacob, Chris Havel, Lisa Yu, Pura Tech Lawrence Berkeley Lab Lara Gundel, Mohamad Sleiman, Hugo Destaillats UC Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program Grant #s 12FT-0114, 21 ST-011, 20PT-0184 and 24RT

7 Poll Question Question 1: How long do you think the chemicals in cigarette smoke linger indoors? a. hours to days b. days to weeks c. months to years d. all of the above, it depends on the chemical 7

8 SHS THS Indoor Surfaces 8

9 What is Thirdhand cigarette smoke? The 3 R s Chemicals in cigarette smoke that: Remain on surfaces and in dust Re-emit back into the gas phase React with other chemicals in the environment to make new chemicals 9

10 Chemical Exposure Routes Respiratory Ingestion Dermal 10

11 Gases What is smoke? Particles and droplets of oils and waxes (Tar) 10% of secondhand smoke is tar Thirdhand Smoke starts with Tar 11

12 Remain Tar chemicals stick to surfaces before they can be removed by ventilation Walls, carpet, dust, people Tar absorbs into porous materials Tar contains nicotine and many toxins and carcinogens Nitrosamines Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Persistence increases exposure time 12

13 Re-Emit Combustion forces tar chemicals (normally solids or liquids) into the air Tar cools, condenses and sticks to surfaces Once on a surface, each chemical reaches equilibrium Fraction in the air depends on the chemical 13

14 Acetone Nicotine NNK 14

15 Acetone Nicotine NNK 15

16 Acetone Nicotine NNK 16

17 Acetone Nicotine NNK 17

18 Acetone Nicotine NNK 18

19 Acetone Nicotine NNK 19

20 Acetone Nicotine NNK 20

21 Acetone Nicotine NNK 21

22 Acetone Nicotine NNK 22

23 Acetone Nicotine NNK 23

24 React Where there are chemicals, there are chemical reactions Which reactions do we know about? Nicotine + nitrous acid = NNK» Carcinogen Nicotine + ozone = formaldehyde» Carcinogen Tar + ozone = ultrafine particles» Can cause heart and lung disease 24

25 Truth Initiative Tobacco Documents Library 25

26 26

27 Thirdhand Smoke Studies at Philip Morris 27

28 Nicotine persisted in surfaces Nicotine (ng/cm2) 100,000 10,000 (after smoking ended) Curtain Carpet Wallpaper 1, Days of Clean Air Ventilation 28

29 NNK persisted in surfaces (after smoking ended) 45 NNK (ng/cm 2 ) Curtain Carpet Wallpaper Days of clean air ventilation 29

30 Thirdhand Smoke at Philip Morris Remains Aging decreases concentration of particles and nicotine in air Adding carpet and cloth to room increased losses Chemicals persisted on/in surfaces after days of constant ventilation with clean air Re-Emits After ventilation with clean air overnight, the air still contained lots of nicotine Reacts Nicotine reacts to form NNK 30

31 Thirdhand Smoke Studies at UCSF 31

32 Secondhand Smoke at UCSF Smoke from cigarette smoking machine is diluted with filtered air, aged 30 minutes, then delivered to the study participant 32

33 Respiratory exposure 33

34 Thirdhand Smoke Emits Particles 34

35 Particle output mg/m :30 9:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 Time 35

36 1.2 Something coming out before starting the smoking machine mg/m :30 9:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 Time 36

37 1.2 Secondary particles from Thirdhand Smoke mg/m :30 9:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 Time 37

38 Secondhand Smoke Generation Mode Thirdhand Smoke Deposition Mode Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Mode 38

39 10,000 Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke particles differ 1,000 SHS THS ng/m 3 air Nicotine Cotinine NNK 39

40 Thirdhand Smoke Emits Volatile Chemicals 40

41 Paper exposed to smoke emits volatile chemicals 10,000,000 1,000,000 Parts per billion 100,000 10,000 1,

42 Respiratory Exposure to Thirdhand Respiratory Smoke In Human Participants 42

43 Study design and sample collection Day 1 Day 2 3 hours Pre Post Before Bed First AM Next Day 43

44 Cotinine is a biomarker of nicotine exposure Metabolite of Nicotine Biomarker of smoking and exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Thirdhand Smoke Half-life of 16 hours 44

45 Breathing Thirdhand Smoke increases cotinine THS 3 Clean Air median 2.5 ng/ml Hours 45

46 Health effects of Thirdhand Smoke exposure in mice Smoke cages (curtain, carpet, cloth swatches inside) Let mice live in cages for 6 months 46

47 Health effects in mice Induces type II diabetes Causes hyperactivity Speeds up blood clotting Slows wound healing/changes skin structure Damages liver/elevates blood lipids Increases oxidative stress Slows growth 47

48 Non-obese type II diabetes 49% of exposed mice showed these effects 48

49 Hyperactivity 49

50 Faster blood clotting 50

51 Similarities between tobacco and marijuana Leaf contains high concentrations of oils and waxes Nicotine and THC both survive combustion Combustion creates carcinogens Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Formaldehyde Nitrogen oxides Heavy metals Ultrafine particles 51

52 Terpenes, cannabis and particle formation Terpenes are odorant, bioactive chemicals found in cannabis, tobacco and e-liquids Limonene, Pinene, Linalool, Myrcene and others Secreted by same plant glands that make THC Used to reduce viscosity of hash oil in vape pens React to form ultrafine particles in air 52

53 Poll Question Question 2: What are the 3 R's of thirdhand smoke? a. reading, writing and reactions b. remain, re-emit and react 53

54 Remains Thirdhand Smoke is a persistent environmental contaminant Chemicals stick to surfaces Weeks and months of ventilation do not remove Thirdhand Smoke Re-Emits Nicotine, formaldehyde, acetonitrile, acetone and other volatile chemicals Reacts Nicotine reacts to form NNK THS reacts to form particles 54

55 Summary 10% of the smoke of every cigarette persists in the environment Thirdhand smoke is toxic and carcinogenic Thirdhand smoke on surfaces emits constant low levels of particles and chemicals Breathing thirdhand smoke causes detectable increases in the levels of nicotine in the body Thirdhand smoke may have health effects Marijuana smoke probably creates THS too 55

56 Conclusions Living in spaces where people have smoked increases exposure to toxins and carcinogens The concentrations are lower, but the exposure is continuous and persistent Smoking bans in housing, workplaces, hotels and rental cars will reduce thirdhand smoke exposure 56

57 Questions Please enter your questions and comments in the chat box. If you are experiencing technical difficulties, please your question(s) to

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