The situation in Sweden today

Transcription

1 Since 2006 Scientific study 2010 The situation in Sweden today The most recent national study (2010) shows that 58 % of the boys and 65 % of the girls in the age of years in Sweden consume alcohol. In a comparison with other European countries young people in Sweden have greater intensive consumption of alcohol (ESPAD 2007) Lack of alcohol-preventive education in Swedish schools and almost no comparable studies have been conducted before in Sweden 1

2 Three sections in the programme Classroom activities» Divided into four educational levels, based on the level of consumption» Focus on: Social and life skills aspects; Resisting peer pressure; Increase the awareness of responsible drinking Family skills programme» How to involve parents in the school-based project» Information and advice to help parents discuss the issues with their children at home School policy programme (implementation strategy)» Instructions how to integrate and motivate the entire school» Instructions to support and create long-term engagement to change attitude to alcohol Purpose of the programme The objectives of the programme is to encourage young people not to consume alcohol, and to encourage the young people who nevertheless choose to consume alcohol to drink less and to adopt a healthy approach 2

3 Purpose of the study Examine the extent to which Prata Om Alkohol can influence young people:» Not to consume alcohol» To encourage the young people who consume alcohol; a) to reduce over consumption b) to reduce risk behavior c) motivate to responsible drinking Is this a scientific study? This is a scientific study because; The study is based on gathered observable, empirical and measurable evidence. The method is accepted and consists of systematic collection of data through observation and testing of hypothesis. Full disclosure the study is objective and transparent. All documents and data is archived and available for verifying the study and for further investigation from other scientists. 3

4 Research team Two independent research consultants In cooperation with and supervised by:» Nikolaus Koutakis creator of the Swedish alcohol preventing programme ÖPP and lecturer at Örebro University faculty School of law, Psychology and Social work» Martin Stafström PhD, faculty alcohol and illicit drug researcher at Lund University Basic study conditions Quantitative study executed in two phases:» Phase 1 Pre-test in January» Phase 2 Follow up test May/June Target group: years old (last year in compulsory school) The study is performed in an authentic school environment Standardized data collection procedures have been conducted by trained data collectors Students were very likely coming into contact with alcohol at a greater extent than normal during the survey period. Consequently, a decrease in alcohol consumption during this period may be difficult to achieve To monitor the implementation process the responsible teachers have answered a fidelity checklist (for example, to see if they have worked in the correct sequence) 4

5 Sample and validity The data collection is done from a random sample of teachers, selected from a list of teachers that have ordered the school material 6 equivalent intervention and control groups (in terms of size, demographics, social and risk behaviours) with a sufficient number of participants Statistic method: Student t-test and the t-tests are calculated on observations over time through the column proportion method Statistic significance is measured at a level of 90 %-, 95 %- and 99 % Method issues All quantitative studies have methodological problems as selection errors, non-response (dropout) errors and measurement errors The study is done during a relatively short time, which means that we only can discuss the results due to this specific period The study is done on a group level not individually, which may affect the effect-size of the measured significances The study is performed in an authentic school environment» Some teachers have shared the responsibility» Classes have used different classroom activities» Classes have executed activities at different dates 5

6 Key results and conclusions (a summary) Tried alcohol (Figure 2) 3. Har du provat att dricka alkohol? Bas: total 66% Ja 70% 74% 75% Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=133) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=123) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=124) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=112) 26% Nej 23% 29% 23% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Talking About Alcohol aims to encourage young people to choose to abstain from alcohol. The percentage of students who have tried alcohol, however, has risen slightly in both the intervention group and the control group. As earlier mentioned, a decrease in alcohol consumption during the specific period of time for the inquiry may be difficult to achieve. 6

7 Senaste året Number of times alcohol was consumed (Figure 5) 8% 3%3% 5% 2% Senaste 3 månaderna 2% 6% 2% 9% 2% 1% Senaste månaden 6% 9% 1% Senaste 3 månaderna 0% 4% 4% 2% 13% 6% Interventionsgrupp 11% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Senaste året 5% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% Senaste månaden 4% 5% 15% 15% 8% 16% Kontrollgrupp 22% 13% 9% 6% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Mer än 40 ggr % 70% 45% 50% 37% 45% 46% Snitt druckit antal ggr 15,45 ggr 3,7 ggr 0,8 ggr 9,2 ggr 3,1 ggr 1,7 ggr Looking at the reported alcohol consumption during different periods of time over the recent past (1 year, 3 months and 1 month), The intervention group is seen to have consumed alcohol more frequently than the control group throughout the year. However, consumption rates have gradually declined in the intervention group and this group drank less than the control group over the past month. The results therefore indicate a positive trend for the intervention group. Experience of being intoxicated (Figure 4) 5b. Har du varit berusad av alkohol någon gång? B H d kit lk h l ( 310) Bas: Har druckit alkohol 58% Ja 62% 67% 73% Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=88) 40% (90%-nivå) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=84) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=92) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=83) Nej 33% 38% 25% (90%-nivå) 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% There is an increasing trend (based on a 90% significance level) in the control group of students reporting that they have been intoxicated at some time. The trend towards increase is also evident in the intervention group, but is not as clear as in the control group. 7

8 How often intoxication is felt when drinking (Figure 7) 7. Hur ofta händer det att du känner dig berusad när du dricker alkohol? Bas: Har druckit alkohol Aldrig 32% 31% 30% 25% Sällan Någon gång ibland Nästan varje gång 9% 23% 20% 22% (95%-nivå) 22% 19% 18% 21% 16% 24% 26% Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=88) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=84) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=92) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=83) Varje gång 6% 5% 3% (95%-nivå) 11% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In terms of how often intoxication is felt when drinking, a small but significant shift can be seen in the control group (based on a 95% significance level) from seldom becoming intoxicated while drinking to more often or every time. There is not the same clear increase in frequency in the intervention group, but no decrease either. What has happened when alcohol was consumed (Figure 8) 1. Känt mig avslappnad 2. Känt mig mer utåtriktad 3. Känt mig glad/haft kul 4. Glömt bort mina problem för en stund 5. Känt att jag inte kan sluta dricka 6. Har blivit bakfull/mått illa 7. Har gjort mig illa 8. Gjort något som jag i efterhand ångrar 9. Varit i slagsmål eller blivit osams 10. Haft problem med mina vänner 11. Inte kunnat fungera som vanligt i skola 12. Sett eller varit nära skadegörelse/annat brott 14. Fått problem med polisen 8. Har något av följande saker hänt dig när du druckit alkohol? B H d kit lk h l ( 310) 19% 16% 16% 13% 16% 21% 24% 23% 27% 29% 37% 36% 48% 50% 54% 50% 47% 52% 42% (95%-nivå) (90%-nivå) 58% 65% 63% 56% (95%-nivå) 60% 57% 66% 70% 69% 72% Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=88) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=84) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=92) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=83) In the control group, we see an 8% increase in risky behaviour among 13% 14% those who had consumed alcohol. 9% 5% 3% This is due to the significant increase 9% (90%-nivå) in this group (based on a 95% (90%-nivå) significance level) of participants who 19% 8% had got a hangover/felt ill and felt 9% 7% relaxed when drinking. There are also tendencies in the control group who 15. Haft oönskad sex 14% 16% have been drinking to have had an 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% increase 80% in risky behaviour in terms of incidents such as hurt themselves, been near vandalism/another crime and could not function as usual in school. 8

9 Last time alcohol was consumed (Figure 9) 1-7 dagar sedan 8-14 dagar sedan dagar sedan 1-6 månader sedan 9. När var den senaste gången du drack alkohol? Bas: Har druckit alkohol 15% 14% 19% 30% 24% 21% 11% (90%-nivå) 22% 25% 22% 14% (95%-nivå) 42% the intervention group. Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=88) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=84) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=92) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=83) The young people in the control group who drink show a significant increase (based on a 95% significance level) in having consumed alcohol over the past 1-7 days. The intervention group had not consumed alcohol nearly as frequently as the control group during the same period. These results also show that young people in the control group who had consumed alcohol had higher rates of recent drinking than those in 7 månader - 1 år sedan Mer än 1 år sedan 6% 3% 8% 7% 14% 9% 4% (95%-nivå) 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Level of intoxication felt the last time alcohol was consumed (Figure 10) 11. Hur påverkad kände du dig senaste gången du drack alkohol? Bas: Har druckit alkohol 1) Inte alls påverkad 34% 36% 37% 36% 2) 23% 20% 3) 4) (95%-nivå) 30% 25% 33% 8% Interventionsgrupp OMG1-1 (n=88) Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=84) Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=92) Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=83) 5) Mycket påverkad 7% 7% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Looking at the degree of intoxication at the most recent time of consumption, we can see a significantly positive shift (based on a 95% significance level) in the intervention group, from rather and very intoxicated to a medium degree of intoxication. The control group does not show the same positive shift. 9

10 Reasons for not trying alcohol (Figure 11) Topbox/andel som instämmer 12. Hur kommer det sig att du inte har provat dricka alkohol? Bas: Ej druckit alkohol ( ) 56% 1. Det är farligt 63% 75% 66% 27% 2. Man mår illa 51% 50% (95%-nivå) 56% 33% 3. Det smakar illa 49% 50% 57% 42% 4. Jag har lärt mig om alkoholens negativa sidor i skolan 50% 53% 65% 56% 5. Man gör dumma saker 62% 72% 77% 56% 6. Man tappar kontrollen 59% 71% 80% 65% 7. Det är dåligt för min hälsa 71% 75% 81% 68% 8. Jag är för ung 58% 61% 69% 33% 9. Mina föräldrar inte dricker 31% 15% 35% 10. Mina syskon inte dricker 40% 50% (90%-nivå) 38% 11. Mina kompisar inte dricker 38% 40% 15% (95%-nivå) 59% 12. Det är förbjudet att dricka alkohol när man är under 18 år 68% 58% 76% The intervention group who had not tried alcohol, we see a significant increase (based on a 95% significance level) in the view that you feel ill if you drink alcohol. Apart from this, there are no clear differences in comparison with the benchmark measurement for this group. In the control group, there is a significantly higher number (based on a 95% significance level) Interventionsgrupp of those OMG1 who -1 (n=34) have not tried alcohol who do not Interventionsgrupp OMG2-1 (n=35) socialise with friends who Kontrollgrupp OMG1-2 (n=28) drink. We also see a trend in Kontrollgrupp OMG2-2 (n=26) the control group, where students to a lesser extent were choosing not to drink because of siblings who do not drink. However, because the bases are small for this particular question, it may be risky to draw any far-reaching conclusions concerning shifts. 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Prata Om Alkohol as a tool for alcohol prevention in the school Several results in the study argue in favour of Prata Om Alkohol as an effective school material for alcohol prevention;» The intervention group displays a shift of greater awareness and a healthier attitude to alcohol use than the control group» Significantly less frequent alcohol consumption in the interventions group compared to the control group over time» Clearly smaller degree of risky behaviour in the interventions group compared to the control group over time» Lower degree of intoxication in the interventions group when drinking» Higher frequency of intoxication in the control group over time» The increase in consumption and higher frequency of intoxication together with a higher risk behaviour in the control group also signifies a negative compound interest effect, which means that the influence of Prata Om Alkohol on the intervention group becomes even more positive. 10

11 Prata Om Alkohol as isolated effect In favour of Significant positive awareness about the risks and consequences of alcohol, which is extensively dealt with in the programme. The students in the intervention group who had not tried alcohol had a significant increase in the knowledge that they could feel ill from alcohol. This knowledge can be related to the work with the material. The intervention group has a higher proportion of girls (due to the Swedish situation) Not in favour of The survey indicates two external circumstances that may have affect the control group in a negative way. 1. The control group shows a marginally higher degree of school absence than the intervention group. 2. Students in the control group who say that they do not drink alcohol indicate that they have been influenced in this decision to a lesser extent by the fact that their friends do not drink. Next step for a scientific study Additional quantitative study to get stronger evidence by including longitudinal studies of individuals Improve the existing study by conducting a qualitative study To examine the implementation process and find out if the students learn what the teacher aimed to teach 11

12 Thank you for listening! Questions? Is POA Evidence-based? A program is judged to be evidence-based if; Evaluation research shows that the program produces the expected positive results, The results can be attributed to the program itself, rather than to other extraneous factors or events, The evaluation is peer-reviewed by experts in the field, The program is endorsed by a federal agency or respected research organization and included in their list of effective programs, A similar evaluation is conducted in another country. 12

13 Yearly web survey Each year we conduct a quantitative web survey, The purpose is to measure the usability and believed effects among our users users are participating each year and this year will be the third year Some of the results from web survey 2009, 50 % of the respondents say that they have started using the programme and 70 % of the non-users say that they will start use it soon 70 % of the respondents believe that the programme influence the pupils to delay the age of consumption 80 % of the respondents believe that the programme lead to better attitude and motivates to responsible drinking 96 % of the respondents say that they would recommend the programme to colleagues 13