Oil and gas contractor drug and alcohol testing guidelines

Transcription

1 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines Guidance document for the oi and gas industry Heath THE GLOBAL OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

2 IOGP Report 575 IPIECA-IOGP 2016 A rights reserved. No part of this pubication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieva system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, eectronic, mechanica, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior consent of IPIECA/IOGP. Cover photographs reproduced courtesy of the foowing: cover (top eft) Mios Luzanin/Shutterstock.com, (centre) num_skyman/shutterstock.com, (bottom eft) istock.com/kirby Hamiton, (bottom right) ightpoet/shutterstock.com; page 5: istock.com/steve Coe Images; page 9: wizdata/shutterstock.com; page 15: istock.com/marjan Laznik; page 19: Pressmaster/Shutterstock.com; page 27: istock.com/aex Raths; page 5: racorn/shutterstock.com; Lega discaimer This pubication has been deveoped to support the impementation of IPIECA s and IOGP s mission and vision. Whie every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, it is intended to provide genera guidance ony. It is not designed to provide ega or other advice, nor shoud it be reied upon as a substitute for appropriate technica expertise or professiona advice. A attempts have been made to ensure the information is correct at of the date of pubication. This pubication does not constitute a mandatory commitment which members of IPIECA or IOGP are obiged to adopt. The views and concusions expressed herein do not necessariy refect the views of a IPIECA-IOGP members or the individuas, companies and institutions that contributed to this pubication. This pubication is distributed without warranty of any kind, express or impied. Neither IPIECA nor IOGP endorses or accepts responsibiity for the content or avaiabiity of any website referred to, or inked to, in this pubication. The responsibiity for the interpretation and use of this pubication ies with the user and in no event wi IPIECA, IOGP or any of their members past, present or future regardess of their negigence, assume iabiity for any foreseeabe or unforeseeabe use made thereof, which iabiity is hereby excuded. Consequenty, such use is at the recipient s own risk on the basis that any use by the recipient constitutes agreement to the terms of this discaimer. This discaimer shoud be construed in accordance with Engish aw. Loca aw (statutes, reguations, and precedentia aw) aways supersedes the recommendation of this guidance document. In the event that oca aw imposes additiona or different requirements, the oca aw shoud be foowed. This guidance document is not offered as business, ega or medica advice but is instead offered for informationa purposes. The guidance is not intended as a substitute for the ega advice of a quaified professiona who is knowedgeabe of the issues covered as they reate to individua circumstances. The drafters of this guidance document make no representation as to the accuracy, competeness or utiity of the information provided. Legisative, reguatory and decisiona aw regarding drug testing reguary impact programme eements and may require modifications to the guideines contained in this document.

3 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines Guidance document for the oi and gas industry The goba oi and gas industry association for environmenta and socia issues 14th Foor, City Tower, 40 Basingha Street, London EC2V 5DE, United Kingdom Teephone: +44 (0) E-mai: Website: Internationa Association of Oi & Gas Producers Registered office 14th Foor, City Tower, 40 Basingha Street, London EC2V 5DE, United Kingdom Teephone: +44 (0) E-mai: Website: Brusses office Bouevard du Souverain 165, 4th Foor, B-1160 Brusses, Begium Teephone: +2 (0) E-mai: Houston office Westheimer Road, Suite 1100, Houston, Texas 77042, United States Teephone: +1 (71) E-mai:

4 Contents Executive summary Section 1: Programme management 5 Section 2: Recommendations for drug and 9 acoho testing Testing requirements for a contractor empoyees 10 Pre-enroment testing 10 Random testing 10 Recommendations for the random testing 11 of individuas Recommendations for group random testing 11 Forced seection 12 Post-incident testing 12 Reasonabe suspicion testing 1 Unannounced group testing 1 Inspections 14 Section : Acoho testing 15 Recommended devices and instruments 16 Acoho technicians 17 Acoho testing and documentation procedures 17 Empoyer notification 18 Section 4: Drug specimen coection 19 Coectors 20 Coection site 20 Coection procedure 21 Empoyer notification 22 Section 5: Custody and contro forms 2 Drug and acoho testing documentation 24 recommendations Information to be incuded on a 24 custody and contro form Recommended coection kits 25 Section 6: Drug/specimen vaidity testing 27 recommendations Laboratories 28 Regiona recommendations for 29 aboratory accreditation Specimen type 29 Testing recommendations 0 Regiona recommendations for testing 0 Drug pane 0 Specimen vaidity testing (SVT) 2 Point of coection testing (POCT) devices Bood testing (for acoho confirmation) Drug overview Section 7: Drug test review process 5 MRO review recommendations 6 MRO quaifications 6 The MRO review process 6 MRO actions 7 Recommended review process for 8 drug tests without an MRO review Appendix 1: Records to be retained 40 Appendix 2: Statistica reporting 41 Appendix : Recommended drug pane cut-offs 42 Appendix 4: Prevaence by region 45 Appendix 5: Guidance on identifying 47 safety-sensitive positions Appendix 6: Gossary of terms 48 2 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

5 Executive summary Contractors have historicay faced compex chaenges whie compying with the various substance misuse testing obigations required by oi and gas industry owners and operators. The Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines provide a compendium of programme eements that can be used to deter the use or misuse of drugs and acoho in the workpace. Much of the information is presented in tabuar format, with many of the tabes aso serving as exampe checkists to be competed by the contractor as a record of appicabiity with regard to the specific testing circumstances, contractor or operator poicy, or to oca egisative requirements. The guideines presented in this document have been created through a coaborative effort between contractors, operators, and drug and acoho testing industry service providers and subject matter experts. The guideines aim to improve oi and gas drug and acoho programme aignment by providing technica recommendations for programme eements. The recommendations contained in this document were achieved through consensus, but may not be acceptabe or appropriate for use in a contractor/operator arrangements. Accordingy, whie the guideines present a comprehensive drug and acoho protoco, they shoud not be viewed as mandatory. Operators and contractors may agree with any or a of the eements in these guideines, with or without revision, as dictated by business and ega requirements. The guideines identify accepted practices for the foowing programme areas: identification of empoyees covered by these guideines; recommended testing for each empoyee category covered by these guideines; drug testing; acoho testing; specimen coection; review of drug test resuts; reporting and record keeping; contractor supervisor and empoyee training; and drug and acoho inspections. To successfuy identify drug and acoho programme eements and technica recommendations, certain principes were foowed. Specificay, these incuded: provision of a risk-based approach to drug and acoho testing recommendations; the recognition that oca aw may supersede the provisions in these guideines; the use of scientificay-vaidated technoogies; and simpification of the overa process, to the extent that this is possibe, and recognizing that oca practices wi aso guide impementation of the various programme eements. Empoyees and management shoud maintain vigiance in the recognition of changes in individua workpace performance and behaviour that may indicate substance misuse. More information can be found in the IPIECA-IOGP guidance document, Substance misuse: A guide for managers and supervisors in the oi and gas industry (IPIECA-IOGP, 2010; IOGP report 445). IMPORTANT In a cases, ega advice shoud be obtained from an attorney knowedgeabe of your individua circumstances, incuding but not imited to, a review of ega authority in the country or jurisdiction in which you are considering conducting workpace drug and/or acoho testing. These guideines do not repace or supersede oca aws. In the event that these guideines confict with oca aw, the oca aw requirements shoud be foowed. Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

6 This page is intentionay bank

7 Section 1 Programme management This section presents a checkist of contractor s responsibiities when a contractor empoyee is being engaged to work on operator premises. 5 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

8 Section 1 Programme management The effective management of a drug and acoho testing programme wi depend on the oi and gas contractor being fuy aware of their responsibiities when a contractor empoyee is being engaged to work on operator premises. As a minimum, contractors shoud consider the recommended practices summarized in Tabe 1. Tabe 1 Checkist of contractor responsibiities RESPONSIBILITY REQUIRED? (YES/NO/ N/A) ALREADY EXISTS? (YES/NO) NOTES/ COMMENTS/ EXCEPTIONS Notify the operator if oca aws and/or customs affect compiance with these guideines. Ensure that a subcontractors compy with these guideines. Communicate the contractor s drug and acoho programme to contractor empoyees. Designate and document each contractor SS empoyee covered by these guideines. An operator shoud be abe to review each position designation and re-designate a contractor empoyee at any time. Agree with the operator on the reporting content and schedue. For statistica reporting, a reporting format is provided in Appendix 2 on page 41. Review any additiona operator recommendations beyond these guideines. Seect specimen type(s) (e.g. hair, ora fuid, urine) to be used for drug and acoho testing, with operator agreement, if requested. Identify a Designated Contractor Representative(s) (DCR). Have a Medication Discosure Programme in pace, requiring contractor Safety- Sensitive (SS) empoyees to report potentiay impairing medication (prescribed, non-prescribed and herba medicines obtained in a manner consistent with appicabe aws and reguations) to the contractor s medica services provider before performing safety-sensitive work. Upon discosure, the contractor s medica services provider shoud obtain a fitness-for-duty assessment for contractor SS empoyees, upon which any necessary work restrictions wi be identified and communicated to both the contractor empoyee and the operator. Medica conditions, medications, test resuts and records shoud be kept confidentia and reviewed by an appropriatey-icensed heathcare practitioner and ony reeased in accordance with appicabe reguations. Ensure that contractor empoyee supervisors are trained in the requirements of: random testing notification; post-incident testing; reasonabe suspicion testing; and stand-down procedures. Reasonabe suspicion testing training shoud cover the physica, behavioura, speech, and performance indicators of probabe acoho misuse and use of drugs. Any deviations from the recommendations in these guideines shoud be noted, for exampe on an exceptions and variances form. 6 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

9 Section 1 Programme management Tabe 1 Checkist of contractor responsibiities (continued) RESPONSIBILITY REQUIRED? (YES/NO/ N/A) ALREADY EXISTS? (YES/NO) NOTES/ COMMENTS/ EXCEPTIONS Compy with oca aws and customs affecting compiance with these guideines. Maintain a current ist of safety-sensitive positions. Foow the recommendations in these guideines, incuding: programme management (Section 1); recommendations for drug and acoho testing (Section 2); acoho testing (Section ); drug specimen coection (Section 4); custody and contro forms, and recommendations for coection kits (Section 5); drug testing panes, methods and vaidity testing recommendations (Section 6); and drug test review process, and MRO quaifications and actions (Section 7). Prohibit contractor empoyees from: use of, or exposure to, prohibited substances for which a positive drug or acoho test woud require the remova of the empoyee from work; possession of prohibited substances on operator premises; or possession of drug paraphernaia on operator premises. Once a coection has started, do not aow an aternate specimen type unti competion of the medica review process. For exampe, for a shy badder situation, an aternate specimen type shoud not be used unti after medica review. Maintain compiance with these guideines. The contractor may eect to use a thirdparty administrator (TPA) to meet the recommendations of these guideines. However, the contractor shoud remain responsibe for compiance with these guideines. Have a contractor supervisor avaiabe to take immediate action in the event of a non-negative test resut when acoho testing occurs or point of coection testing (POCT) devices are used. Foow a mandatory stand-down procedure, as beow: Point of care testing (POCT): For reasonabe suspicion and post-incident test reasons: a contractor empoyee who screens non-negative using a POCT device shoud immediatey stop working on operator premises unti a negative resut on that specimen is received. For random tests: if the non-negative POCT resut is for a prescription drug, previousy discosed and ceared, and documented by contractor s icensed medica professiona, the contractor empoyee may continue working on operator premises. continued 7 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

10 Section 1 Programme management Tabe 1 Checkist of contractor responsibiities (continued) RESPONSIBILITY REQUIRED? (YES/NO/ N/A) ALREADY EXISTS? (YES/NO) NOTES/ COMMENTS/ EXCEPTIONS Foow a mandatory stand-down procedure, as beow (continued): Laboratory testing: 1. For post-incident testing: a contractor SS empoyee shoud immediatey stop performing safety-sensitive duties on operator premises unti a negative resut is received. 1a. Option 1 for post-incident testing: a contractor Non-Safety-Sensitive (NSS) empoyee may continue working on operator premises. 1b. Option 2 for post-incident testing: a contractor NSS empoyee or contractor SS empoyee shoud immediatey stop performing work on the operator premises unti a negative resut is received. 2. For reasonabe suspicion testing: a contractor empoyee (SS and NSS) shoud immediatey stop working on operator premises unti a negative resut is received. Acoho testing: 1. With a confirmation acoho test showing 0.02 g/dl, the individua tested shoud immediatey stop working on operator premises. 2. If a contractor empoyee screens 0.02 g/dl and the confirmation test is pending aboratory confirmation (e.g. bood test), the individua shoud immediatey stop working on operator premises. Stop a contractor SS empoyee from working on operator premises if the contractor receives a fitness-for-duty concern from the MRO; the contractor SS empoyee shoud not return to work on operator premises unti he/she receives medica cearance to perform the essentia job functions of the position. Immediatey stop a contractor empoyee from working on operator premises if he/she vioates the guideines in this document (incuding testing positive or refusing to test) and remove the contractor empoyee from operator premises as soon as practicabe. Retain and have avaiabe for review the records refecting compiance with the guideines in this document for a minimum of three years, or as defined by oca reguations, incuding the documents isted in Appendix 1: Records to be maintained (page 40). Do not reease any records of government-reguated drug and acoho testing (e.g. U.S. Department of Transportation) without the specific consent of the contractor empoyee in question. 8 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

11 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing 1 This section provides guidance on the different approaches to testing, i.e. pre-enroment testing, random testing of groups and individuas, forced seection of candidates for testing, post-incident testing, reasonabe suspicion testing and unannounced group testing. 1 Testing recommendations were deveoped through consensus; athough these recommendations may be acceptabe and appropriate in most cases, it is acknowedged that, in some cases, different vaues may be agreed upon by the contractor and operator. 9 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

12 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES A drug and acoho test compiant with these guideines shoud be performed for a testing reasons. Tabe 2 shows the recommended testing for a contractor empoyees, but is subject to operator and contractor agreement. Tabe 2 Recommended testing for a contractor empoyees PRE- ENROLMENT TESTING RANDOM TESTING (INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP) POST- INCIDENT TESTING REASONABLE SUSPICION TESTING UNANNOUNCED GROUP TESTING Safety-sensitive workers Non-safetysensitive workers PRE-ENROLMENT TESTING Any pre-enroment drug and acoho test shoud meet the recommendations of these guideines. RANDOM TESTING Key factors to be considered when carrying out the random testing of contractor SS empoyees are summarized in Tabe. Tabe Checkist of considerations for random testing of contractor SS empoyees CONSIDERATIONS FOR RANDOM TESTING To work on operator premises, a contractor SS empoyee shoud be in a random poo compiant with these guideines. To enter a random poo, a contractor SS empoyee shoud have had a negative preenroment test within the previous six months. Upon entry into a random poo, a contractor SS empoyee shoud maintain continuous membership in the poo. Foowing a break in service (faiure to appear as a member in consecutive random poos), the contractor SS empoyee shoud be required to undergo a new pre-enroment test to rejoin a poo. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE If non-compiant, a new pre-enroment test is required. 10 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

13 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE RANDOM TESTING OF INDIVIDUALS Contractor SS empoyees may be required to undergo individua random testing. Tabe 4 presents a checkist of recommendations that shoud be considered when designing an individuaized testing programme. Tabe 4 Checkist of recommendations for random testing of individuas RECOMMENDATION A contractor SS empoyee shoud be subject to unannounced random seection for testing for drugs and acoho. The random testing programme shoud meet the random testing rates specified in Tabe 5 on page 12. A contractor shoud maintain and generate random seections using a scientificay vaid method (e.g. random number tabe or random number generator) matched to a unique contractor SS empoyee persona identifier. Appropriate safeguards shoud be used to ensure that the identity of a contractor SS empoyee who coud potentiay be seected for random testing cannot be determined unti after the contractor SS empoyee has been seected. Each contractor SS empoyee shoud have an equa chance of being seected in each random seection period. Each contractor SS empoyee shoud participate in each random seection period, even if the contractor SS empoyee has been previousy seected for random testing. Random testing shoud be eveny dispersed throughout the year and shoud not be predictabe. Individuas shoud be subjected to testing regardess of the workday or work shift, and the seection of days and shifts shoud vary to reduce the predictabiity of testing. The contractor SS empoyee shoud arrive at the coection site within two hours of notification. The reason for any deay beyond two hours shoud be documented and assessed for vaidity. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GROUP RANDOM TESTING A contractor SS empoyee may be subject to unannounced random seection for testing for drugs and acoho by group (e.g. ski/trade, ocation, vehice/vesse, shift/crew). A contractor shoud maintain and generate group random seections using a scientificay vaid method (e.g. random number tabe or computer-based random number generator) matched to a unique group identifier. Appropriate safeguards shoud be used to ensure that the identity of a contractor SS group which coud potentiay be seected for random testing cannot be determined unti after the contractor SS group has been seected. Each contractor SS group shoud have an equa chance of being seected in each random seection period. Each contractor SS group shoud participate in each random seection period, even if the contractor SS group has been previousy randomy seected for testing. 11 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

14 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing A contractor shoud deveop objective criteria for deveoping group random testing requirements (positivity rate, resuts of inspections, ength of project, turnover rate, etc.). Criteria shoud be appied consistenty for the agreed work scope and duration. Empoyees seected for group random testing can be used to satisfy the recommended annua drug testing rate as specified in Tabe 5. Tabe 5 Recommended random drug testing rate (percent of empoyees per year) and seection frequency by specimen type SPECIMEN TYPE URINE ORAL FLUID HAIR Annua drug testing rate If positivity of a poo was greater than or equa to 0.5% in the previous two consecutive years: 50% If positivity was ess than 0.5%: 25% * If positivity of a poo was greater than or equa to 0.5% in the previous two consecutive years: 50% If positivity was ess than 0.5%: 25% * If positivity of a poo was greater than or equa to 0.5% in the previous two consecutive years: 25% If positivity was ess than 0.5%: 20% * Seection frequency A minimum of once every three months A minimum of once every three months A minimum of once every three months * Note: A reduction to the ower annua drug testing rate isted above for any of the specimen types shoud be agreed upon by the operator. FORCED SELECTION A contractor empoyee who has not been tested using the recommended pane for any test reason within a defined period may be force-seected for an unannounced test before the end of the period. Exampe: An individua entered a random programme requiring 50% annua testing in August of Year 1, and was not randomy seected in either Year 1 or Year 2. The individua may be force seected and tested before the end of Year 2. POST-INCIDENT TESTING When a quaifying incident occurs in the workpace (e.g. an incident that cannot be expained by mechanica faiure or simiar) it is advisabe to carry out post-incident (aso known as postaccident ) testing. Tabe 6 on page 1 provides a checkist of recommendations that shoud be considered when carrying out post-incident testing. 12 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

15 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing Tabe 6 Checkist of recommendations for post incident testing RECOMMENDATIONS Post-incident drug and acoho testing shoud be done on a contractor empoyee after a Quaifying Incident. Acoho testing shoud be conducted as soon as possibe after the incident. If onger than two hours but within eight hours, the test shoud be conducted and the reason for deay vaidated and documented. Ony ora fuid or urine specimens shoud be used for a post-incident drug test. The contractor shoud provide verification of negative drug and acoho test resuts to the operator before returning a contractor empoyee to work on the operator premises, if requested and aowed by oca aw. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE REASONABLE SUSPICION TESTING If a contractor empoyee exhibits signs and symptoms of drug or acoho misuse in the workpace, it is advisabe to carry out reasonabe suspicion testing. Tabe 7 provides a checkist of recommendations that shoud be considered when carrying out reasonabe suspicion testing. Tabe 7 Checkist of recommendations for reasonabe suspicion testing RECOMMENDATIONS Reasonabe suspicion testing shoud be conducted when a contractor empoyee exhibits signs or symptoms of drug or acoho misuse. Acoho testing shoud be conducted as soon as possibe. If onger than two hours but within eight hours, the test shoud be conducted and the reason for the deay documented. Coection for drug testing shoud be as soon as possibe. If coection is not done within eight hours, the test shoud be conducted and the reason for deay vaidated and documented. Ony ora fuid or urine specimens shoud be used for reasonabe suspicion drug testing. The contractor shoud provide verification of negative drug and acoho test resuts to the operator before returning a contractor empoyee to work on the operator premises, if requested and aowed by oca aw. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE UNANNOUNCED GROUP TESTING Unannounced group testing of contractor empoyees may be required without notice for a group on operator premises, based on evidence of prohibited substances or contraband. Group testing shoud be imited to those personne considered most ikey to be affected. 1 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

16 Section 2 Recommendations for drug and acoho testing INSPECTIONS The operator may, at any time on company premises, conduct, or request the contractor to conduct, unannounced inspections of SS and NSS contractor empoyees and their property for items that may incude prohibited substances or contraband. Inspections may incude, but are not imited to, cothing, waets, purses, baggage, ockers, work areas, desks, tooboxes and vehices. The operator or contractor may authorize inspection speciaists, incuding scent-trained animas, to conduct inspections. If inspection or chance discovery of prohibited substances or contraband is directy associated with an individua contractor empoyee, the individua (SS or NSS) shoud immediatey stop working on the operator premises. If inspection or chance discovery of prohibited substances or contraband cannot be directy associated with an individua contractor empoyee but can be associated with a defined group of contractor empoyees (e.g. a group of peope who use one changing room), the operator may conduct, or request the contractor to conduct, an inspection (as described above) of the group s cothing, waets, purses, baggage, ockers, work areas, desks, too boxes and vehices, etc. The operator may conduct, or request the contractor to conduct, unannounced group testing of the contractor SS empoyees in the group described in the previous paragraph. 14 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

17 Section Acoho testing Acoho testing shoud be carried out whenever a drug test is done. This section provides guidance on acoho test methods and devices, documentation procedures, and empoyer notification. 15 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

18 Section Acoho testing An acoho test shoud be carried out whenever a drug test is done. Any contractor empoyee with a confirmed acoho test resut greater than or equa to 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent) shoud be stopped from working on operator premises. Any contractor empoyee with a screening acoho test greater than 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent) and the confirmation test is pending aboratory anaysis (bood acoho) shoud be stopped from working on the operator premises. RECOMMENDED DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS Tabe 8 provides a checkist of acoho test methods, and specifications and approvas for devices used for testing. Tabe 8 Approved acoho test methods and recommended specifications for acoho testing devices TEST METHODS AND SPECIFICATIONS/APPROVALS YES/NO Approved acoho test methods Specifications for acoho testing devices Screening tests may be performed by either breath or saiva. Confirmation tests shoud be performed by breath or bood. Acoho screening devices shoud be: isted on the U.S. Nationa Highway Traffic Safety Administration s Conforming Products List of Screening Devices; an ora fuid or breath acoho testing device that is FDA-ceared (required for a US-based POC testing) or CE marked with a minimum cut-off of g/dl or 0.02 g/210 L, respectivey; or any device that is approved for confirmation breath testing (e.g. Canadian Society of Forensic Science, Acoho Testing Committee approved screening devices). Acoho confirmation breath testing devices shoud: be approved by one or more of the foowing appropriate authorities: U.S. Nationa Highway Traffic Safety Administration s Conforming Products List for evidentia breath testing (EBT) devices European Standard EN UK Home Office type approva for breath acoho screening devices Canadian Society of Forensic Science Acoho Test Committee approved instruments provide a printed resut assign a unique number to each test print the instrument name, the seria number and time of the test on the printout perform and pass a bank test prior to a subject tests 16 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

19 Section Acoho testing ALCOHOL TECHNICIANS Ony technicians/coectors meeting the recommendations of this section shoud perform breath or saiva acoho testing on contractor empoyees. A technician/coector does not need to be a medica professiona uness required by oca aw. A technician/coector shoud be trained in accordance with the manufacturer s instruction for any devices used. A technician/coector shoud maintain documentation of training and demonstrated competency. For confirmation acoho bood coections, a coector shoud be a trained phebotomist/heathcare professiona and trained in the competion of a custody and contro form (CCF) see Section 5. ALCOHOL TESTING AND DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES The checkist in Tabe 9 summarizes the duties and procedures that may be appicabe for technicians/coectors carrying out acoho testing on contractor empoyees. Tabe 9 Acoho testing/documentation procedures RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR TECHNICIANS/COLLECTORS Aow the contractor empoyee to seect one from at east three devices (saiva or breath disposabe screening devices) or mouthpieces (breath testing instrument/ebt device). Document a tests on a CCF or acoho testing form. Sign the test resuts. Have the contractor empoyee sign the test resut. Provide a copy to the contractor empoyee. Provide a copy to the contractor. For breath acoho testing devices, conduct and document an accuracy check no ess than every 1 days. Visuay examine the device before conducting the test. Perform the screening test according to the manufacturer s instructions. If the screening test resut is negative by breath or saiva (i.e. ess than 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent)), document the resut on either an acoho testing form or a drug test CCF and concude testing. If the screening test is presumptivey positive by breath or saiva (i.e. equa to or greater than 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent)) a confirmation test is needed. Wait 15 minutes but no onger than 0 minutes before conducting the confirmation test, not aowing the contractor empoyee to eat, drink, smoke, chew or put anything in his/her mouth. If the time between the screening and confirmation test is greater than 0 minutes, document the reason for the deay. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE continued 17 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

20 Section Acoho testing Tabe 9 Acoho testing/documentation procedures (continued) RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR TECHNICIANS/COLLECTORS If the confirmation acoho test is by breath: Care shoud be taken to ensure that the test is performed according to the manufacturer s instructions. Depending on the resuts, the foowing actions shoud be taken: APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE If the confirmation test resut is negative (i.e. ess than 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent)), attach the printed resuts either to the acoho testing form or to a drug test CCF, and concude the testing. If the confirmation test resut is positive (i.e. equa to or greater than 0.02 g/210 L in breath (or equivaent)), attach the printed resuts either to the acoho testing form or a to drug test CCF, and immediatey inform the DCR or contractor site supervisor of the resuts. If the confirmation test is conducted using a bood specimen: Use a bood coection tube for a specimen container. Cean skin with non-acoho disinfectant. Draw bood with a cean (acoho-free) neede or syringe. Add the sampe to the bood tube via the neede. Do not remove the tube stoppers. Sowy invert the tubes competey at east five times to ensure proper mixing of the anticoaguants. Do not shake vigorousy. Compete a CCF for the bood specimen. Prepare the specimen for shipment to the aboratory, noting the site where the bood was drawn, and the time and date of coection. Prepare the specimen for shipment to the aboratory, and distribute the documentation. Sea vias with tamper-evident abes. If the CCF does not have an integrated specimen sea (i.e. tamper-evident tape), with the same unique specimen identifier printed on both the form and the sea, a separate secure sea shoud be used for each specimen container, that is capabe of uniquey identifying and inking the specimen with the form. (See Section 5 for more information on custody and contro forms.) When packing sampes for shipment, use packaging materias that satisfy current appicabe courier and customs reguations. EMPLOYER NOTIFICATION The technician/coector shoud notify the Designated Contractor Representative (DCR) or contractor site supervisor whenever: an acoho screening and/or confirmation test resut is positive; an empoyee refuses to be tested; there has been a faiure to compete the coection process; the empoyee admits to acoho misuse; or any unusua circumstances are present. 18 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

21 Section 4 Drug specimen coection Specimen coectors are not required to be medica professionas uness required by oca egisation. However, it is recommended that a coectors are appropriatey trained and abe to meet the requirements presented in this section of the guidance. 19 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

22 Section 4 Drug specimen coection COLLECTORS Ony coectors meeting the recommendations of this section shoud coect specimens from contractor empoyees. A coector is not required to be a medica professiona uness required by oca aw. A coector shoud be trained in a steps necessary to compete a coection correcty, and in the proper competion and transmission of the CCF, incuding: how to compete the CCF; coection procedures and use of kits for each specimen type (i.e. bood, hair, ora fuid, urine); instructions for unusua coections (e.g. shy badder, dry mouth, shaven head); coection site preparation; contractor empoyee identification; fata faws; contractor empoyee privacy; interpretation of POC test resuts; specimen handing and storage; packaging of specimens to be shipped to the aboratory; and foowing the manufacturer s instructions for using acoho and POCT devices. In addition, if visuay-read POCT devices are ikey to be used, a coector shoud have satisfactoriy competed a coour-bindness test. A coector shoud maintain documentation of training and demonstrated competency. COLLECTION SITE For urine coections, the coection site shoud be a private area with toiet faciities. In the event that a private faciity is not avaiabe, the coector shoud perform the urine coection in the area that wi provide the contractor empoyee with as much privacy as practicabe. The toiet faciities shoud be free of a possibe additives and aduterants (e.g. running water, soap and ceaning agents). 20 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

23 Section 4 Drug specimen coection COLLECTION PROCEDURE Tabe 10 provides a checkist of recommended procedures that the coector may need to foow when coecting sampes for drug testing. Tabe 10 Coection procedures for drug specimens RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR TECHNICIANS/COLLECTORS Conduct ony one contractor empoyee coection at one time and compete the coection before beginning another coection. For POC testing, the entire coection process shoud be competed, from test coection through interpretation and recording of the resuts, before beginning a coection from another contractor empoyee. Conduct the acoho testing before coecting the specimen for drug testing. Verify the contractor empoyee s identity by viewing origina photographic identification (i.e. government or contractor-issued photographic identification). If photographic identification is not avaiabe, the contractor s poicy pertaining to additiona methods of verifying the contractor empoyee s identity appies. If the contractor empoyee cannot be positivey identified, the coection process shoud be stopped and the DCR shoud be notified. Briefy expain the coection process to the contractor empoyee, incuding the coection steps, the appication of tamper-evident seas, the certification procedure and, for POC testing, the requirement for aboratory confirmation of non-negative test resuts from specimens submitted. Aow the contractor empoyee to seect one from at east three coection kits. Foow the specific device, aboratory or contractor instructions for the coection, incuding competion of the CCF. For urine specimens check the temperature of the specimen within four minutes from urination. The acceptabe range of temperature is 2 8 C ( F). Ensure that a sufficient quantity of specimen has been coected at one time to aow re-anaysis. A spit specimen coection is highy recommended for ora fuid coections. Mitigate any opportunity to substitute, diute or aduterate the specimen. For POC testing, record the resut on the CCF, and in the event of a non-negative resut, immediatey notify the DCR or contractor site supervisor. For ora fuid coection, verify that, in the 10 minutes prior to the specimen being provided, the contractor empoyee has not eaten, drank or smoked, or otherwise hed anything in the mouth (e.g. chewing gum). For hair coections, coect hair from the head (if avaiabe). If head hair is not avaiabe, coect from underarm, chest, back, arm or eg. For hair coections, coect the specimen from the contractor empoyee s head hair and not from hair extensions or wigs. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE continued 21 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

24 Section 4 Drug specimen coection Tabe 10 Coection procedures for drug specimens (continued) RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR TECHNICIANS/COLLECTORS For direct observation urine coections, coect a second specimen (using a new CCF), if aowed by oca aw and custom, and send both specimens to the aboratory, when: the urine specimen temperature is out of range; the urine specimen vaidity measures are outside the norma range (e.g. oxidants, creatinine, ph); the physica appearance of the specimen indicates possibe tampering (e.g. unusua coour or odour); and the coector observes suspicious behaviour by the contractor empoyee. Direct observation urine coections shoud be conducted as directed by the DCR or the MRO. If direct observation urine coections are not aowed by oca aw or custom, conduct a monitored coection, i.e. the monitor does not watch the contractor empoyee urinate into the coection container. If the monitor hears sounds or makes other observations indicating an attempt to tamper with a specimen, the process shoud be terminated and the DCR notified of the refusa to undergo testing. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE Do not aow an aternate specimen type, once a coection has started, unti competion of the medica review process. For exampe, for a shy badder situation, an aternate specimen type cannot be used unti after medica review. If the CCF does not have an integrated specimen sea (i.e. tamper-evident tape), with the same unique specimen identifier printed on both the form and sea, use a separate secure sea for each specimen container that is capabe of uniquey identifying and inking the specimen with the form. (See Information to be incuded on a custody and contro form on page 24). After coection, prepare the specimen for shipment to the aboratory using packaging materias that satisfy current appicabe courier and customs reguations, except for POCT specimens that are negative, and distribute the documentation as appropriate. EMPLOYER NOTIFICATION The coector shoud notify the DCR or contractor site supervisor whenever: a POCT resut is non-negative; an acoho test resut is positive; an empoyee refuses to be tested; there has been a faiure to compete the coection process; the empoyee admits to drug use; or any unusua circumstances are present. 22 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

25 Section 5 Custody and contro forms A custody and contro form (CCF) is used to document the coection, custody and transport of a drug or bood acoho specimen from the time the specimen is coected unti it is received by the aboratory. 2 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

26 Section 5 Custody and contro forms DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING DOCUMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Screening acoho test resuts shoud be documented on either a drug CCF or an acoho testing form. For confirmation acoho tests using a breath acoho device, resut and zero bank printouts shoud be attached to the drug CCF or to the acoho testing form. A CCF shoud be used for every drug test, and for every bood acoho confirmation test. INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED ON A CUSTODY AND CONTROL FORM The information recommended for incusion on a CCF is presented in Tabe 11. Tabe 11 Recommended information for incusion on a CCF INFORMATION Detais of the secure seas on each specimen container, incuding the unique specimen identification number (the specimens may be separate from the CCF), preferaby with the unique identification number inking the CCF to the specimen container in both human readabe and barcode format on both the sea and the CCF. Identification of the contractor empoyee (by name or code). Confirmation of the contractor empoyee s identity. Confirmation of specimen integrity (wi vary according to the type of specimen being coected). Medication shoud be isted on the CCF in the remarks section ony if required by oca aw. Date and time of specimen coection. Signature of specimen coector, and the name and contact information of the coector/coection site. Name of testing aboratory. Names and signatures of a individuas who have had custody of the specimen during the coection process. Name and contact information of the MRO. If an acoho screening/fied confirmation test is performed with a drug test, the acoho resut may be documented/recorded on the CCF. One option is to record the acoho resuts on the drug CCF with an indication of device manufacturer/mode type and ot number used. POCT resuts, if appicabe, shoud be recorded on the CCF as either negative or nonnegative, aong with identification of the device and ot number used. The CCF shoud be abeed Private if required by oca aw/data privacy requirements. APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE 24 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

27 Section 5 Custody and contro forms RECOMMENDED COLLECTION KITS Different types of coection kits are avaiabe depending on the specimen to be coected, e.g. bood, hair, ora fuid or urine. Tabe 12 describes the contents of each type of kit. Tabe 12 A summary of the different types of sampe coection kits TYPE OF COLLECTION KIT CONTENTS APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE Bood acoho coection kit Hair drug coection kit Ora drug fuid coection kit Grey-top bood coection tube containing sodium fuoride as a preservative and potassium oxaate as an anticoaguant (e.g. a 10 m tube containing 25 mg sodium fuoride and 20 mg potassium oxaate) Singe-use neede or butterfy neede Acoho swab for ceaning scissors used to cut the hair Foi wrapper for hair specimen Specimen transportation enveope Coection swab (preferaby with an indicator to show when the expected voume is coected) A specimen transportation container with a buffer preservative soution Urine drug coection kit Coection cup for aboratory-based testing with integra temperature measurement, or POCT device compiant with the guideines in this document, and with integra temperature and vaidity measurements (for ph, oxidants, and creatinine). A separate specimen container may aso be provided (if the coection cup is not designed to be used for specimen transport). 25 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

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29 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations This section ists the recommended certification/accreditation standards that test aboratories shoud be required to meet, and provides genera guidance on vaidity testing, drug pane contents by region, and the use of POCT devices. 27 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

30 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations LABORATORIES Drug testing shoud be carried out at a aboratory certified and/or accredited by a recognized internationa, nationa or regiona organization that is abe to provide forma recognition that the testing aboratory is competent to carry out workpace drug testing which meets forensic standards. Recognized standards incude current versions of: AS/NZS 408 (urine): Joint Austraian/New Zeaand Standard: Procedures for specimen coection and the detection and quantitation of drugs of abuse in urine; AS 4760 (ora): Austraian Standard: Procedures for specimen coection and the detection and quantitation of drugs in ora fuid. (Note: the AS 4760 Standard for ora fuid POCT testing is not recognized as an acceptabe testing standard by this guidance document; it is ony acceptabe for aboratory-based testing.) ISO/IEC 17025: Genera requirements for the competence of testing and caibration aboratories. Accreditation to the ISO/IEC standard wi usuay be provided by a forensic organization such as the ANSI-ASQ Nationa Accreditation Board (ANAB) or the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). Coege of American Pathoogists Forensic Drug Testing (CAP-FDT) accreditation. Nationa Laboratory Certification Program (NLCP), North America. Aternativey, drug testing may be done at a aboratory that is accredited to the ISO/IEC or ISO standard and maintains in its possession a certified etter from the aboratory director stating that it meets, and wi maintain compiance with, the foowing criteria: Two independent anaytic methods are used for determining a positive resut: a screening process, usuay an immunoassay test, on one portion of the origina specimen; and a confirmatory test, usuay gas or iquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry on a different portion of the origina specimen. Specimen vaidity testing is performed that is appropriate to the specific specimen tested, incuding reiaby identifying specimens that have been aduterated or substituted. The testing methodoogy reiaby discriminates between specimens that contain drug(s) at or above the specified cut-off eves of the recommended drug pane and those that do not. Chain-of-custody procedures (incuding both specimens and aiquots) are utiized throughout aboratory. 28 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

31 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations Quaity contro procedures incude: interna open/bind contros; externa open proficiency testing programme; and externa bind proficiency testing programme. Personne quaifications are documented and competency assessment is performed annuay. Laboratory safety procedures are impemented to protect the heath and safety of empoyees and visitors. Quaity improvement and quaity management are an integra part of aboratory operations. Document contro procedures are impemented. Records and specimen management procedures are impemented. Method vaidation and verification is performed and records maintained. Interna and externa faciity and on-site inspections/audits occur at east once every two years, and records are avaiabe for review. Security of specimen, records and testing area/faciity is maintained. REGIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LABORATORY ACCREDITATION North America: A aboratory shoud be accredited either by CAP-FDT (a specimen types) or the Nationa Laboratory Certification Program (NLCP) (for urine testing aboratories). Austraia: A aboratory shoud be accredited to the AS/NZS 408 and AS 4760 standards (aboratory-based testing of ora fuid is acceptabe; point of coection testing (POCT) of ora fuid is not an acceptabe testing method). New Zeaand: AS/NZS 408 SPECIMEN TYPE Contractors can use urine, hair and ora fuid for drug testing specimens, subject to operator agreement. The recognized detection times and most appropriate uses for each specimen type are summarized in Tabe 1. Tabe 1 Recognized detection time and best use for each specimen type URINE ORAL FLUID HAIR Detection time frame Most drugs: 2 days 1 2 days 90 days (repetitive use) Use Pre-empoyment, random, post-incident and reasonabe suspicion testing Pre-empoyment, random, post-incident and reasonabe suspicion testing Pre-empoyment and random testing In addition to aboratory-based testing, contractors aso can use POCT devices that meet the recommendations in this guidance document. 29 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

32 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations TESTING RECOMMENDATIONS A screening tests shoud be performed using an appropriate and vaidated technique. Any positive screening tests shoud be confirmed using a aboratory chromatographic technique in combination with mass spectrometry. REGIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TESTING United States: FDA 510 (k) cearance of assays and/or devices is recommended for the testing of specimens. European Union: CE-marked assays and/or devices are recommended for the testing of specimens. DRUG PANEL The minimum recommended and optiona drugs that may be specified in a drug pane are isted by region in Tabe 14 on page 1. Appendix provides a comprehensive ist of drugs and their cut-off eves for different test specimens. 0 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

33 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations Tabe 14 Recommended and optiona drugs for incusion in a drug pane, by region INITIAL TEST DRUG/ CLASS CONFIRMATORY TEST DRUG/ ANALYTE NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA PACIFIC AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Minimum recommended anaytes Amphetamines Amphetamine Methamphetamines Methamphetamine MDA MDEA MDMA Cocaine/metaboite Cocaine/metaboites Marijuana/metaboite Marijuana/metaboite Opiates Codeine Morphine Hydrocodone Synthetic Opioids Hydromorphone Dihydrocodeine Oxycodones 1 Oxycodone Oxymorphone Aprazoam Benzodiazepines 1, 2 Nordiazepam Oxazepam Temazepam 6-AM 6-AM Methadone/ metaboite 1 Methadone/ metaboite Optiona anaytes 4 Ketamine/metaboite Ketamine/metaboite Phencycidine Phencycidine Synthetic cannabinoids Buprenorphine/ metaboite Buprenorphine/ metaboite 1 Due to the ack of reguatory approved screening assays, the operator may choose to aow the contractor not to test for benzodiazepines and methadone in ora fuid and hair, and oxycodone in ora fuid. 2 The contractor shoud request the aboratory to seect two additiona benzodiazepine anaytes. (See Appendix.) The contractor shoud request the aboratory to test for 6-AM (in addition to opiates) whenever a POCT test for opiates is non-negative in the fied. 4 The operator may recommend testing for one or more of these optiona anaytes. Note: depending on the specified drug cass and/or specimen type, parent drugs and/or metaboites shoud be used to determine whether a specimen is positive or negative. 1 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

34 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations SPECIMEN VALIDITY TESTING (SVT) Urine The vaidity tests isted in Tabe 15 shoud be performed and reported for every urine specimen. Tabe 15 Vaidity tests to be carried out on a urine specimens VALIDITY TEST ph Oxidizing aduterants (e.g. nitrates, chromium VI) Creatinine Specific gravity when the creatinine is <20 mg/dl or 2.0 mmo/l (depending on the standard used by the chosen testing aboratory) APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE To report a urine specimen as diute, invaid, aduterated, substituted or as having faied specimen integrity, confirmatory testing on a second aiquot shoud be performed utiizing a we-recognized technoogy as indicated in Tabe 16. Tabe 16 Confirmatory tests and the corresponding testing technoogy CONFIRMATORY TEST TESTING TECHNOLOGY YES NO ph Oxidizing aduterant Creatinine ph meter Ion-chromatography or ICP-MS (as appicabe) Coorimetric/spectrophotometry Specific gravity: Diute Substituted Invaid -pace (preferaby 4-pace, with printout) digita refractometer 4-pace digita refractometer with printout Spectrophotometry Ora fuid SVT testing shoud be performed and reported for every ora fuid specimen. SVT testing heps to ensure that an adequate voume of the sampe has been coected even with devices that incorporate a sampe adequacy indicator. In the USA, immunogobuin G (IgG) and abumin are the two most commony utiized SVT markers. Other anaytes typicay found in ora fuid are aso acceptabe. Hair No SVT is recommended for hair. 2 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

35 Section 6 Drug/specimen vaidity testing recommendations POINT OF COLLECTION TESTING (POCT) DEVICES A POCT devices shoud be stored and handed under environmentay-controed conditions as specified in the manufacturers instructions. Coour bindness testing shoud be performed on a coectors if visuay-read POCT devices are used. Tabe 17 ists the recommended criteria for POCT devices. Tabe 17 Recommended criteria for POCT devices Any POCT device used shoud have: FDA 510 (k) cearance (recommended for a US point-of-care testing; or the CE mark (in Europe); or documented performance around the cut-off to reiaby differentiate specimens that are within 50% of the cut-off vaue. Seected devices shoud have documented performance as compared to aboratory testing data for the same specimen (i.e. donor comparison study data), with a minimum sensitivity and specificity of 90%. POCT devices shoud be abe to test for the recommended minimum drug pane by region, at screening eves equivaent to, or ower than, aboratory concentrations (See Appendix 4 on page 45). As of March 2016, no ora fuid POCT device meets the screening recommendations in this guidance document, hence the currenty avaiabe ora fuid devices shoud not be used. As of March 2016, no FDA-ceared urine POCT can meet the screening recommendations for use in the USA for THC (tetrahydrocannabino the principa constituent of cannabis). BLOOD TESTING (FOR ALCOHOL CONFIRMATION) Laboratories shoud test bood specimens for ethano (acoho) using a vaidated gas chromatographic confirmation method with a cut-off of at east g/dl (i.e. 20 mg/dl). DRUG OVERVIEW Detaied information about the drugs referenced in this guidance document can be found at Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines

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37 Section 7 Drug test review process A icensed Medica Review Officer (MRO) is usuay appointed to review a non-negative test resuts. This section provides guidance on the MRO review process, and on the actions that shoud be undertaken if an MRO review of the test resuts is not required. 5 Oi and gas contractor drug and acoho testing guideines