Psychoactive drugs: Occurrence in aquatic environment, analytical methods and ecotoxicity a review

Transcription

1 Psychoactive drugs: Occurrence in aquatic environment, analytical methods and ecotoxicity a review Deivisson Lopes Cunha 1,2, Frederico Goytacazes de Araujo 1,3 & Marcia Marques 1* 1 Dep. of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Post-Graduation Program in Environment (PPGMA), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Corresponding author: marciam@uerj.br (M. Marques) phone: +55 (21) ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Table S.5: Ecotoxicity assays reported with the studied psychoactive drugs.

2 Table S.5: Ecotoxicity assays reported with the studied psychoactive drugs. Compound Minimum conc. with effect (ng/l) Water matrix Species Exposure time Effect Reference Citalopram Dechlorinated tap water Leptoxis carinata 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Hoy 2012) Citalopram Dechlorinated tap water Stagnicola (Lymnaea) elodes snails 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Hoy 2012) Citalopram 2,030,000 Synthetic sea water Chlorostoma funebralis snail 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Molnar 2013) Citalopram 405,000 Synthetic sea water Lithopoma americanum snail 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Molnar 2013) Citalopram 4,050,000 Synthetic sea water Nucella ostrina snail 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Molnar 2013) Citalopram 405,000 Synthetic sea water Tegula fasciatus snail 4 h Foot detachment (Fong and Molnar 2013) Citalopram 9,136,000 Spiked Milli-Q Oryzias latipes 72 h Larvae survival (Chiffre et al. 2016) Citalopram 10,000 Spiked Milli-Q Oryzias latipes 72 h Swimming behavior (Chiffre et al. 2016) Citalopram 4,040,000 Spiked water Aedes aegypti larvae 3 days Citalopram 4,040,000 Spiked water Cypridopsis vidua crustacea 3 days Citalopram 150 Spiked surface water Gasterosteus aculeatus 21 days Citalopram 4,040,000 Spiked water Hydra vulgaris cnidaria 3 days Reduced number of attacks to food Decreased larvae survival Change in heart frequency Decreased larvae length (Kellner et al. 2015) Citalopram 1,500 Spiked surface water Gasterosteus aculeatus 21 days Diving behavior (Kellner et al. 2016) Diazepam 16,000 Spiked Milli-Q Danio rerio 0, 15, 60, 240 min. cortisol level Reduction under stress (Abreu et al. 2014)

3 Diazepam 16,000 Spiked Milli-Q Danio rerio 2 min. 30 sec. Diazepam 100 ASTM hard water Daphnia magna days Diazepam 100 ASTM hard water Daphnia magna 48h compared to the control Fish attraction to the lane with anxiolytic Enhanced reproduction Increased positive phototactic behavior (Abreu et al. 2016) (Rivetti et al. 2016) (Rivetti et al. 2016) Oxazepam 1,800 Surface water Perca fluviatilis 600 sec. Increasing activity (Brodin et al. 2013) Oxazepam 1,800 Surface water Perca fluviatilis 600 sec. Reduced sociality (Brodin et al. 2013) Oxazepam 1,800 Surface water Perca fluviatilis 5 min. Higher feeding rate (Brodin et al. 2013) Oxazepam 10,000 Spiked Milli-Q Oryzias latipes 72 h Swimming behavior (Chiffre et al. 2016) Oxazepam 1,100 Spiked water Perca fluviatilis 2-3 days Oxazepam 1,100 Spiked water Perca fluviatilis 2-3 days Oxazepam 1,200 Spiked water Perca fluviatilis 2-3 days Oxazepam 1,200 Spiked water Perca fluviatilis 2-3 days Lower mortality rate of fry hatched from roe Increased activity of fry hatched from roe Lower mortality rate of X-years old perch Increased activity of X-years old perch

4 References Abreu MS, Giacomini AC V, Gusso D, et al (2016) Acute exposure to waterborne psychoactive drugs attract zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol Part - C Toxicol Pharmacol 179: doi: /j.cbpc Abreu MS, Koakoski G, Ferreira D, et al (2014) Diazepam and fluoxetine decrease the stress response in zebrafish. PLoS One 9:1 5. doi: /journal.pone Brodin T, Fick J, Jonsson M, Klaminder J (2013) Dilute concentrations of a psychiatric drug alter behavior of fish from natural populations. Science (80- ) 339: Chiffre A, Clérandeau C, Dwoinikoff C, et al (2016) Psychotropic drugs in mixture alter swimming behaviour of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae above environmental concentrations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23: doi: /s Fong PP, Hoy CM (2012) Antidepressants (venlafaxine and citalopram) cause foot detachment from the substrate in freshwater snails at environmentally relevant concentrations. Mar Freshw Behav Physiol 45: doi: / Fong PP, Molnar N (2013) Antidepressants cause foot detachment from substrate in five species of marine snail. Mar Environ Res 84: doi: /j.marenvres Kalichak F, Idalencio R, Rosa JGS, et al (2016) Waterborne psychoactive drugs impair the initial development of Zebrafish. Environ Toxicol

5 Pharmacol 41: doi: /j.etap Kellner M, Porseryd T, Hallgren S, et al (2016) Waterborne citalopram has anxiolytic effects and increases locomotor activity in the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Aquat Toxicol 173: doi: /j.aquatox Kellner M, Porseryd T, Porsch-Hällström I, et al (2015) Environmentally relevant concentrations of citalopram partially inhibit feeding in the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Aquat Toxicol 158: doi: /j.aquatox Klaminder J, Jonsson M, Fick J, et al (2014) The conceptual imperfection of aquatic risk assessment tests: highlighting the need for tests designed to detect therapeutic effects of pharmaceutical contaminants. Environ Res Lett 9:1 7. doi: / /9/8/ Rivetti C, Campos B, Barata C (2016) Low environmental levels of neuro-active pharmaceuticals alter phototactic behaviour and reproduction in Daphnia magna. Aquat Toxicol 170: doi: /j.aquatox Sundaram R, Smith BW, Clark TM (2015) -dependent toxicity of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors in taxonomically diverse freshwater invertebrate species. Mar Freshw Res 66: