Effects of TBCO on the Reproductive Capacity of 2 Generations of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

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1 Effects of on the Reproductive Capacity of 2 Generations of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Br Br Br Br Steve Wiseman University of Saskatchewan

2 Multigenerational Effects Pesticides Vinclozolin (anti-androgen) (multigenerational) (all generations exposed) 4 generations of males from vinclozolin-treated females show a higher level of testis apoptosis. (transgenerational) (no direct exposure)

3 Generational Effects in Fish BPA EE2 No effects in F and F1 generations Reduced fertilization in F2 generation Reduced embryo-survival in F3 generation

4 Are there Multigenerational Effects of? Saunders, D.M.V., M. Podaima, S. Wiseman, J.P. Giesy Effects of the Brominated Flame Retardant on Title Fecundity or place and of presentation Profiles of Transcripts of the HPGL-Axis in Japanese Medaka. Aquatic Toxicol. 16:

5 1,2,5,6-Tetrabromocyclooctane () Br Br Hexobromocyclododecane (HBCD) Br Br Thermal insulation foams Textile coatings Meets EU criteria aquatic hazard Not detected in the environment EDC in vitro Disruption of sex- steroid receptor signaling Disruption of steroidogenesis 21: 28, tons/yr Being phased out (some exceptions) Replacements being assessed.

6 1. Effects of Dietary Exposure to on Reproductive Capacity of F Generation Japanese Medaka Saunders, D.M.V., M. Podaima, S. Wiseman, J.P. Giesy Effects of the Brominated Flame Retardant on Title Fecundity or place and of presentation Profiles of Transcripts of the HPGL-Axis in Japanese Medaka. Aquatic Toxicol. 16:

7 Cumulative Egg Production Egg Number Control Time (Days)

8 Cumulative Egg Production Egg Number Control - 58 ug/g food Time (Days) Decreased fecundity

9 Cumulative Egg Production Egg Number Control - 67 ug/g food - 58 ug/g food Time (Days) Decreased fecundity caused only by lowest dose of

10 Maternal Transfer of 25 Egg [] ug/g BDL Ctrl - 58 ug/g - 67 ug/g Dietary []

11 2. Effects of Maternally Transferred on Reproductive Capacity of F1 Generation

12 Question: Does maternally deposited affect reproductive capacity? Control Maternal

13 Question: Does maternally deposited affect reproductive capacity? Control Freshwater Maternal Freshwater

14 Question: Does maternally deposited affect reproductive capacity? Control Freshwater Control Diet Ctrl / Ctrl Maternal Freshwater Control Diet / Ctrl

15 Cumulative Egg Production (F1) 12 1 Ctrl-Ctrl Egg Number Time (Days)

16 Cumulative Egg Production (F1) Egg Number Ctrl-Ctrl -Ctrl Decreased fecundity caused by exposure to maternal Time (Days)

17 Question: What is the effect of re-exposure to? Control Freshwater Control Diet Ctrl / Ctrl Maternal Freshwater Control Diet / Ctrl

18 Question: What is the effect of re-exposure to at sexual maturity. Control Diet Ctrl / Ctrl Control Freshwater Dietary Ctrl / Maternal Freshwater Control Diet / Ctrl Dietary /

19 Cumulative Egg Production (F1) Egg Number Ctrl-Ctrl -Ctrl Time (Days)

20 Cumulative Egg Production (F1) Egg Number Ctrl-Ctrl Ctrl- -Ctrl Decreased fecundity caused by exposure to Time (Days)

21 Cumulative Egg Production (F1) Egg Number Ctrl-Ctrl Ctrl- -Ctrl - Re-exposure to during reproduction ameliorates effect of maternal Time (Days)

22 3. Mechanism of Effects Epigenetic? Methylome is erased and re-established during early development Chemical stressors can alter the methylome Changes in DNA methylation are mitotically heritable Hypermethylation decreased expression (transcriptional silencing) Hypomethylation increased expression (transcriptional activation)

23 Embryo-Exposure 6 Day (1hpf) Freshwater 1 ug/l (Hatch) Conc. in Embryo (ug/g) y = x R² = Days

24 Question: Does maternally deposited affect reproductive capacity? Freshwater

25 Question: Does maternally deposited affect reproductive capacity? Freshwater Freshwater Freshwater

26 Question: What is the effect of re-exposure to at sexual maturity. Control Diet Ctrl / Ctrl Freshwater Freshwater Dietary Ctrl / Freshwater Control Diet / Ctrl Dietary /

27 Candidate Gene Approach Female Fry Vtg II * ER-β Ctrl Ctrl CHG-H * AR * Ctrl Ctrl Greater expression of genes for sex steroid signalling

28 Candidate Gene Approach Female Fry 1.5 StAR 1.5 Cyp19a (aromatase) *.5 * Ctrl Ctrl Lesser expression of genes for sex steroid synthesis.

29 Candidate Gene Approach Female Liver 1.2 VTG II 1.5 CHG-H.8.4 * * 1.5 * * 1.5 ERa 1.5 * * Lesser expression of genes for sex steroid signalling.

30 Candidate Gene Approach Female Gonad 2.5 CYP19a * * 4 StAR 3 * 2 1 * * Greater expression of genes for sex steroid synthesis.

31 Conclusions Dietary exposure to lowers fecundity of F female medaka. Maternally deposited lowers fecundity of F1 medaka However, fecundity of F1 fish exposed to maternally deposited is attenuated by re-exposure to dietary during reproduction. Predictive adaptive response? Compared to F fish, female F1 fish exposed to during ELS have altered basal expression of key genes of the reproductive axis. Altered methylation/epigenetic effect? Effects on F2?

32 David Saunders (PhD Student) Jianxian Sun (PDF) Hui Peng (PDF) Song Tang (PDF) Jeremy Kuzma (BSc Student) Markus Hecker John Giesy

Aquatic Toxicology 160 (2015) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Aquatic Toxicology

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