Public Enemy #2 Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity

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1 Public Enemy #2 Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity Carrie Brummer, Brandon Rachal, & Latoya Woods 1

2 73% of adult population in US either overweight or obese in 2006 Where have we come from? 2

3 Obesity in US continues to rise despite more people dieting & spending $33 Billion per year on diet foods & books, weight loss programs, and gym memberships Jennifer Hudson, Weight Watchers Success 3

4 Epidemiology Influenced by Genetics Individual & Social Factors Diet Physical Inactivity Defined by BMI Wt (kg)/ht (sq. meters) BMI Overweight BMI >30 Obese Between in US, 71.6% of men & 61.2% of women either overweight or obese 4

5 Racial Differences African Americans 80.5% women overweight 70% men overweight Caucasians 57.4% women overweight 70.1% men overweight Optimal BMI Optimal BMI Asians have more risks with excess weight, so their BMI cutoff is lower 5

6 Socioeconomic Status College graduates are thinner regardless of sex Significant difference between women Women with less than 12 years of education are 2x more likely to be overweight vs college graduates Poor women more likely to be overweight than wealthy women 6

7 Obesity in Children Increasing steadily since 1960s Overweight & obesity in kids 6-19 years old has increased from 5% in earliest studies to 33% in Calculated based on growth curve of BMI for age: CDC defines overweight as >85 th percentile & obese as >95 th percentile. Staggering Statistics 40% of Mexican American teenage boys & 44% of Black teenage girls are overweight Fat kids equal fat adults Increased risks of chronic diseases Type 2 diabetes is no longer adult onset diabetes Obese teenage girls 2-3x as likely to die by middle age as normal weight girls. 7

8 The Trouble Continues Obese kids experience depression, anxiety, social isolation, & low self-esteem Increased risk for eating disorders Anorexia & Bulimia Less likely to graduate from college More likely to live in poverty Brooke Bates 8

9 Diet & Nutrition Diet plays a key role in prevention of chronic diseases Americans eat too much protein and fat, and too few fruits and vegetables Diets high in meat and fat and low in fruits and vegetables have let to increased incidents of colon cancer, breast cancer and diabetes Diets low in calcium my lead to osteoporosis Dietary Guidelines Created by US dept of agriculture and departments of health and human services Reviewed every 5 years Food guide pyramid was established to make the recommendations more understandable 9

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We Continue to Fall Short Only 1-3% of people eat the recommended servings from each food group per day Too much fat and sugar being consumed Too many children and adults consuming sweetened

11 We Continue to Fall Short Only 1-3% of people eat the recommended servings from each food group per day Too much fat and sugar being consumed Too many children and adults consuming sweetened beverages instead of milk and water Too many empty calories being consumed Junk Snack Aisle (1200 calories) Soda Aisle (875 calories) Jack In the Box (400 calories) Taco Bell (460 calories) Health Produce (280 calories) OJ (150 calories) 11

Average Kid s Meal McDonald s Mighty Kid s Meal 840 Calories Wendy s Kid s Meal 770 Calories KFC Kid s Meal 800 Calories Better Choices Under 500 Calories!

12 Average Kid s Meal McDonald s Mighty Kid s Meal 840 Calories Wendy s Kid s Meal 770 Calories KFC Kid s Meal 800 Calories Better Choices Under 500 Calories! McDonald s Premium Grilled Chicken Side Salad with Low Fat Balsamic Dressing Med Iced Tea KFC Crispy Strips Green Beans Corn on the Cob Med Diet Pepsi Wendy s Ultimate Chicken Grill Mandarin Orange Cup Med Iced Tea Burger King Whopper Jr. no mayo Garden Salad 10oz Minute Maid OJ 12

13 Between The calories from soft drinks and fruit drinks doubled Milk consumption decreased 38% in children ages 2-18 years old. Fruits are the most commonly omitted item Marketing a Healthier Lifestyle 13

14 Barriers to Healthy Eating Many social, cultural and socioeconomic factors contribute to eating habits Influences include family, ethnicity, media, environment Changing eating patterns is difficult Food and beverage industries adding fillers, processing foods to enhance taste, encouraging larger portions Making healthy food readily available What are we doing about this epidemic? Intervening at community and institutional level Promoting healthy eating in schools Education on disease prevention through a healthy diet Healthy food available at lunch Food industry is providing more low-fat/low-calorie foods Restaurants offer heart healthy selections Calorie information appears on menu s 14

Promoting Healthier Eating Grocery stores and restaurants adopting Point of choice information American Heart Association & Weight Watchers campaigns

15 Promoting Healthier Eating Grocery stores and restaurants adopting Point of choice information American Heart Association & Weight Watchers campaigns California s 5-A-Day campaign Proven successful at encouraging public to consume 5 fruits and vegetables/day 15

16 Public Health Interest vs. Food Companies Challenging food companies on deceptive advertising Lawsuit against Kellogg for using SpongeBob to advertise sweetened cereals Advertising to children Limit vending machines in schools / provide healthy alternatives Challenging fast food companies To lower prices on nutritional foods Provide caloric intake in menu 16

17 Let s Move! Most effective weight loss includes diet and physical activity Lose fat and preserve lean muscle mass Physically active people live longer Greatest protection against heart disease Increase HDL Reduces risk of diabetes Reduces cancer risks Proven for colon cancer Breast / Prostate cancer inconclusive How Much? Benefits increase with intensity, frequency, and duration American College Sports Medicine Minimum 150 kilocalories of light/moderate activity 30 minute brisk walk 15 minute run Controversial 17

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19 1:4 Americans engage in no physical activity in their leisure time Our Future Activity falls off dramatically during the high school years 9 th Grade // No participation in physical activity Boys 8.4% Girls 9.7% 12 th Grade Boys 10.9% Girls 17.0% 44.5% Boys and 34.6% Girls are enrolled in P.E. classes in 12 th grade 19

20 Time is money calories More time watching TV and playing video games than doing anything except sleeping Obesity directly associated with TV watching Cutting TV by ½ to 1/3 reduced BMI significantly TV encourages snacking Commercials 20

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24 Only The Beginning Ecological Model to Change Physical Environment Social Environment Only 49% of PCP s believe that regular daily activity is important to the average patient AHA and AMA recommend promotion in patient visits Educate physicians on counseling patients 24

25 Environmental Factors Suburban lifestyle Drive wherever you want Inconvenience and inaccessibility of exercise facilities Schools underutilized for community recreation High crime How Simple Sign stating Stay Health, Save Time, Use the Stairs Increase from 8 to 17% usage Are We Missing Something? 25

26 Insuring our Future Develop habit of exercise in children and adolescents Only 26% of states require high schools to offer course on physical activity The return of physical activity as the norm in everyone s everyday life the restoration of biological normality will require cultural change on a scale similar to that which has occurred with smoking Insuring our Future Helping Farmers Grow Healthy Food Organic School Project Chicago, IL Grow, Teach, Feed Promote Farmer s Markets Increase Lobbying Against Big Companies Language Obese employee costs 11% more in HC costs 26

27 At Home Sommerville, MA Shape Up Sommerville $1.5M Grant Miles on Maps Bike Trails Shape Up Approved Restaurants King County, WA Offices with gyms Weights on phones Bus Drivers get subsidies for weight loss classes Spring slowed down elevators Tightening Our Belts Obesity is now an epidemic Costs of treating diseases secondary to obesity account for 9.1% of total US medical expenditures $92.6 billion in 2002 Paid by Medicare, Medicaid, GHIP, PHI, & individuals Dr. Oz Dr. Phil Dr. Drew The Doctors 27

28 2006, Obesity Killed 112,000 Americans a year 2006, Terrorism Killed 28 Americans 28

29 A Better Future 2000 USDA & Surgeon General David Satcher The Surgeon General s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity Promote healthy eating habits and adequate physical activity, beginning in childhood and continuing across the lifespan The Discord 29

30 Move Your Body! 30

Childhood Obesity. Jay A. Perman, M.D. Vice President for Clinical Affairs University of Kentucky

Childhood Obesity. Jay A. Perman, M.D. Vice President for Clinical Affairs University of Kentucky Childhood Obesity Jay A. Perman, M.D. Dean, College of Medicine Vice President for Clinical Affairs University of Kentucky Epidemic of Overweight & Obesity in Children Prevalence of Overweight by Race/Ethnicity