The sociologist view point on the changes between the French consumer and the food

Transcription

1 The sociologist view point on the changes between the French consumer and the food Claude WISNER-BOURGEOIS Department of Economic and Social Sciences INA P-G FRANCE

2 Modern eating social norms What, Where, at wich time?

3 Eating habits and food perception What s new in France nowadays? What do we eat? How do we eat? Some questions about changes in our attitudes towards food The recent food safety crises A search for natural food Which place for health in food choices? Is every one concerned in the same way?

4 What do we eat?

5 Food is more and more provided by agro-industry Part in volume % - INSEE sugar 2,0 1,2 0,6 Sweets, pastries 8,8 13,0 14,1 soft drinks Fresh meat 11,2 11,2 6,6 Ready made meat 5,9 8,3 11,7 Fresh vegetabes 8,5 5,7 5,4 Canned and ready made vegetables 1,2 2,3 3,1 Fresh fruits 7,3 6,1 5,8 Canned and ready made fruits 0,8 1,1 1,3

6 Home consumption INSEE 1991 ; in 1995, it had not decreased Rabbits 45% Fruits 12 % Vegetables 27% Potatoes 25% Eggs 16% Chickens 16%

7 Home comsumption (INPES 2002) In 1996, 34,3% of the population produces and eats part of its own food In 2002, 34,6% of the population produces and eats part of its own food

8 How do we eat?

9 The three main meals are still usually eaten at home (INPES 2002) Breakfast eaten at home Midday meal eaten at home 95 % 95% 70 % 69 % Evening meal eaten at home 89 % 89 %

10 Average duration of meals doesn t decrease (INPES 2002) Breakfast 15 minutes 16 mn Midday meal 37 mn 38 mn Evening meal 39mn 40 mn

11 A simplification of the structure of the two main meals (INPES 2002) Midday meal 4 with. 3 dishes 2 1 Evening meal 4 with. 3 dishes % 38% 26% 11% 17% 38% 32% 13% 20% 38% 30% 12% 12,5% 34,5% 38% 15%

12 Nibbling is decreasing with age (%) (INPES 2002) years

13 What do10-11 years old children eat as extra meal (Fischler 1996 ) Biscuits Sweets and chewin-gum Bread Chocolate Yogurt Cheese Fruits Ice-cream Crescent roll and co. Sausage others

14 Snacking has been criticized for a long time Doctor Lemery (XVIII century) in is Treatise on food : «Parents give food to their children, all along theday«(it s a pity!)

15 Cereal with chocolate tasty pleasure Proteins, phosphorus, magnesium For snacks, all along the day

16 Demographic changes

17 Activity ratio of women Evolution (INSEE) years old 17% 5,5% years old 67% 48% years old 71% 82% years old 67% 82% years old 65% 82% years old 54% 75% years old 45% 53% years old 22,5% 14%

18 25 20 Percentage of the sixty years old and more, and seventy five years old and more in French population (INSEE) % 60 years old and % 75 years old and p 2006p

19 Structure of the households : more people alone (INSEE) People leaving alone 27% 31% Families With children Without children 69% 44% 25% 64% 39% 25% Others 4% 5,3%

20 The recent food crises : structural and contemporary sides

21 «Omnivorous paradox» Paul Rozin and Claude Fischler Omnivorous <0 we need a various food >0 we can find it in different stuffs New food attraction - curiosity - neophilia fear because it s unknown - neophobia

22 Changes in society Peasant and rural society Urban society Agricultural and food stuffs are well-known Food industry : «we don t know what we eat»

23 Risikogesellschaft 1986 «Society of risk» Ulrich Beck Risk was associated with nature Nowadays risk is thought as product by society

24 Search for «natural food»

25 How do French people describe the changes of their own way of eating J.P. POULAIN heavy fat country exotic dietetic natural simple light various

26 «Industrial food» compared to «natural-food» (ENITIAA 1994) They are not so healthy as natural food They are not so tasty as natural food I completely agree I agree I don t agree I don t agree at all

27 Through marketing and advertisement, food gets familar and reassuring The agricultural stuff is presented with the industrial stuff we eat Nature : neither agriculture, nor food-industry Tradition : ancient agricultural techniques Emotional : your mother gives you her love when she cooks for you»

28 City-centre Cheaper! Peas and carrots

29 Granny Granny s strawberries jam Granny, it s you I so much love

30

31

32

33

34 Remember those dishes your mother prepared lovingly Tender and fleshy salmon subtle flavour of white wine and shallot Cooked with the same love as your mother did The taste of the time when we had time

35 A growing link between food and health?

36 For you, what does eating means in first (INPES 2002) constraint share nothing special santé necessary to live health pleasure, taste

37 When you choose what to eat at meal, you are influenced by Baromètre Santé Nutrition INPES 2002 Home habits : 75,3% Health : 73,8% Your personal taste : 72,0% Your budget : 56,1% Time to prepare : 53,1%

38 How do consumers feel among countries Profiles Maximal Score Minimal Score Believe in science USA 68% Germany 49% Tormented USA 56% Italy 36% Convivial France 67% G.B 48% Hedonistic France 77% G.B 53% Bio-ecolo Switzerland 59% G.B 46%

39 Social inequalities towards food

40 Social inequalities towards food (1) Some differences of consumption (g/day) between workers and upper classes (INCA 1999) Workers Upper classes Delicatessen Vegetables Fruits Pizza 31 22

41 Social inequalities towards food (2) Overweigthed or obese women according to the income (INPES 2002) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% < 900euros <1500 obese overweighted normal