Anycast and BGP Stability
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- Osborne Francis
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1 Anycast and BGP Stability A Closer Look at DNSMON Data Daniel.Karrenberg@ripe.net Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG MAY
2 Other Studies Mark Kosters: "Life and Times of J-Root Peter Boothe, Randy Bush: DNS Anycast Stability, Some Early Results These observe less stability than we expected. Let s take a closer look at DNSMON data! Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
3 DNSMON DNS Server Monitoring Data since April 2003 id.server / hostname.bind every 60s (poisson) Less frequently: SOA, version.bind / version.server Loss and DNSMON and Anycasting Measures service independent of anycasting We looked at ID switches in raw data from time-to-time Found nothing peculiar, thus did not look more closely Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
4 The Data Set DNSMON Server ID Queries Sun Feb 13 00:00:00 - Wed Mar 9 23:59: UTC Chosen because most readily available Probes 77 test-boxes in 59 BGP ASes Targets Anycasted DNS Root Servers : C, F, I, J, K, M Volume ~ 35k queries per probe per host ~ 16M data points Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
5 Probe Locations: Biased Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
6 Data Set Example Probe UTC Target RTT Try Query Answer tt68.ripe.net j.root-servers.net hostname.bind jns2-zgtld.j.root-servers.net tt68.ripe.net f.root-servers.net hostname.bind sfo2b.f.root-servers.org tt68.ripe.net k.root-servers.net id.server k1.linx tt68.ripe.net c.root-servers.net hostname.bind lax1a.c.root-servers.org tt68.ripe.net i.root-servers.net hostname.bind s1.tok tt68.ripe.net m.root-servers.net hostname.bind M-n4 tt68.ripe.net j.root-servers.net hostname.bind jns3-zgtld.j.root-servers.net tt68.ripe.net f.root-servers.net hostname.bind sfo2b.f.root-servers.org tt68.ripe.net m.root-servers.net hostname.bind M-n4 tt68.ripe.net k.root-servers.net id.server k1.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
7 Data Reduction Extract ID changes Eliminate inconsistent ID naming Eliminate intra-instance switches Same location, different box Done for C, F, J s/([^.]+)\..*/\1/ if $t eq 'c.root-servers.net'; s/(...[0-9]).\..*/\1x/ if $t eq 'f.root-servers.net'; s/jns.-([^.]+).*/jnsx-\1/ if $t eq 'j.root-servers.net'; Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
8 Reduced Data Set UTC time, rec-type, probe, AS, target, #query, #switch, #loss, #unkonwn, delta-t switch, avg RTT, Ids Feb 13 00:00:02 A tt111 AS8422 f sfo2x Feb 17 13:20:49 * tt111 AS8422 f sfo2x -> pao1x Feb 17 13:21:41 * tt111 AS8422 f pao1x -> sfo2x Feb 17 13:33:26 * tt111 AS8422 f sfo2x -> pao1x Feb 17 13:37:38 * tt111 AS8422 f pao1x -> sfo2x Mar 9 12:12:58 * tt111 AS8422 f sfo2x -> pao1x Mar 9 13:00:34 * tt111 AS8422 f pao1x -> sfo2x Mar 9 23:58:37 Z tt111 AS8422 f sfo2x sfo2x(4) pao1x(3) switches:6(0.02%) hours:3(0.50%) Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
9 Global Results 16,327,366 queries 14,124 drops (0.087%) 99.9% Happy Queries! 2,754 switches (0.017%) ~ 1 in queries 0 unknown IDs File available on request Regular report on dnsmon site possible Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
10 Reader Warning This does not say much about DNS service quality! Instance switches per-se do not mean DNS service degradation at the anycast address, we observe lots of switches with no concurrent loss. In general DNSMON shows service at anycast addresses to be better than at unicast address: Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
11 Unicast Comparison 16,327,366 queries to anycast servers: 14,124 drops (0.09%) 99.9% Happy Queries! 19,048,751 queries to unicast servers: 202,377 drops (1.06%) 98,9% Happy Queries DNS is just fine with 13 redundant servers! Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
12 Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
13 Back to BGP. Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
14 Distribution of the Switches Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
15 First Impression Agrees with cursory observations A little badness, no real ugliness or worse No real hope for the results others see Not enough switches per probe->target Resolution is lower But hang on, if we lump it all together Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
16 Time Since Previous Switch for the Whole Dataset Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
17 Something Worth Looking At There must be periods of high switching activity Agrees with other studies Not as bad as they see, why? Maybe because location of DNSMON probes is biased? Within ISP infrastructure Quality conscious ISPs more likely to have probes Not on the network fringes Let s look at the badness and correlate with BGP Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
18 AS1853 to k.root-servers.net Summary: Mar 9 23:59: queries 36 switches 8 drops k2.ams-ix(19) k2.linx(18) switches:36(0.10%) errored hours :8(1.33%) Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
19 AS1853 to k.root-servers.net Feb 22 04:39: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 04:49: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 04:53: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:03: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:04: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:13: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:15: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:18: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:20: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:25: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:27: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:31: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:33: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:36: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:37: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 06:56: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 17:03: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 17:04: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
20 AS1853 to k.root-servers.net Feb 22 17:37: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 17:40: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 17:50: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 17:52: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 18:04: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 18:06: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 28 07:04: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 28 07:11: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 28 07:14: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 28 07:19: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 28 07:28: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 28 07:39: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 28 07:57: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 28 07:59: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Mar 1 06:51: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Mar 1 06:53: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Mar 7 06:02: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Mar 7 06:05: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
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23 Feb 22 04:39: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
24 Feb 22 04:49: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
25 Feb 22 04:53: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
26 Feb 22 05:03: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
27 Feb 22 05:04: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
28 Feb 22 05:13: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
29 Feb 22 05:15: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
30 Feb 22 05:18: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
31 Oservations 1 BGP path change per instance switch Suggests we are not missing much because of lower probing freqency Cause of path change probably instability on preferrd path Concurrent BGP updates for other prefixes suggest that A little packet loss This keeps churning (not all path changes shown) It settles down on the alternate path Then switches back to the preferred path after another hour or so Note the equal length of the paths (by prepending) Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
32 Feb 22 05:20: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:25: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:27: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:31: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:33: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Feb 22 05:36: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Feb 22 05:37: k2.ams-ix -> k2.linx Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
33 Feb 22 06:56: k2.linx -> k2.ams-ix Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
34 More Other paths observed DNSMON data not repeated in graphs but timing and IDs correspond closely to all switches If you want to see the whole movie, use bgplay yourself Note the path lengths again! Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
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38 Is this unique to anycast? No, unicast prefixes also have Equal path lengths Instabilities Watch this Same time frame as last few slides Prefix is now a unicast /21 Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
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45 AS1853 to f.root-servers.net Last example Involves two global nodes of F pao1 and sfo2 Both connected via AS6461 and AS174 Plus one local node muc1 Connected via AS30128 This shows the shorter (/24) prefix only! Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
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71 Some Questions for Looking Further Intuition suggests that there are more possible paths to anycast prefixes than to unicast prefixes. Is this true? Do anycast prefixes show more BGP paths of equal length than unicast prefixes? Might this be (one of the) causes of the large amount of instance switches observed by others? Or is this just normal BGP churn otherwise not visible? Or are there other factors? Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
72 Remember.. Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG MAY
73 Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
74 Plea This does not mean that anycast for DNS root service is unstable or broken. Please do not spread this false rumor! Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
75 Questions Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG MAY
76 Thanks Mark and Randy for continuing to look. TTM and RIS folk at RIPE NCC for the tools. Especially Lorenzo and the Roma III folks for bgplay. Beate and the kids for giving me time to produce the movies. ;-) I have no intention of working further on this. Daniel Karrenberg. NANOG May
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