Rong Zhou 1,a, Mingxia Yang 1,b and Haixia Zhang 1,c 1
|
|
- Sabrina Burns
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Rong Zhou,a, Mingxia Yang,b and Haixia Zhang,c Textile College, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou , P.R. China Received: 7 April 04, Accepted: 6 May 04 Summary In this study, chemical degumming was applied to corn husks, and the optimal degumming procedure and pretreatment method were determined. Through orthogonal experiments, it was determined the optimal pretreatment parameters are: of 8 g/l, urea of 8 g/l, pretreatment temperature of 0 C and pretreatment time of 0 min. The effectiveness of this combination of parameters was validated by its resultant glial removal rate of 85.%. Keywords: Corn husks; Degumming; with hydrogen peroxide and urea; Orthogonal experiment. Introduction In recent years, along with social progress advancement, economic development, and the improvement of people s level of consumption and standard of living, consumers are pursuing more natural and healthy lifestyle, and are focusing more on green and environmental friendly clothing. A new trend in the textile industry is green products produced from natural fibers, as this kind of products are gaining more and more favors of consumers. Corn is the most commonly harvested crop in north China. Corn husks, the external skin of corn ears, are not efficiently re-utilized. Lacking a better way to dispose them, corn husks are usually burned in the field, which causes environmental pollution and is a significant waste of biomass resources. Corn husks have a high cellulose content of 60%, and the composition is to a certain extent similar to that of bast plants. The spinnability of corn husks has become a hot topic of textile research. The degumming of corn husks was a hnfzzr@6.com, b ymming@6.com, c zhanghaixia800@6.com Smithers Information Ltd., 04 investigated in this study, and it may help obtain a new type of fiber that can be used in the textile industry.. Degumming Design. Main Components of Corn Husks Literature shows that currently the raw materials of the commonly used natural plant fibers in textile production contain mainly cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, waxy, etc. The components of corn husks have been tested by the Henan Institute of Agriculture and compared with those of other plant fibers, with results as shown in Table. As apparent in Table, the chemical compositions of corn husks and other plant phloem are substantially the same and they basically all contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, waxy fat, water-soluble substances, etc. Corn husks have a cellulose content of about 54-58%, a lignin content of about 0% and a hemicelluloses content of about 0%. The contents of cellulose, ash, fat and wax in corn husks are similar to those in hemp, the lignin content is similar to that in cotton bast, and the hemicelluloses content is close to that in flax. Therefore, the degumming treatment to corn husks can be done in a similar way to the degumming of bamboo, hemp and cotton bast.. Degumming Design As corn husks has a high lignin content, the main objective of the degumming process is to remove lignin. Studies have shown that lignin is highly stable in acid, and using inorganic acid to treat lignin will not result in lowmolecular-weight compound, and in addition may cause reverse reaction, namely further polycondensation of lignin. Therefore, acid-free process should be considered when designing the degumming treatment. On the basis of extensive literature 4-7, as well as thorough experimental exploration and research, the corn husk degumming process was designed as follows: Sample preparation Washing Scouring Washing Playing fiber Pickling Washing Dehydration Oiling Dehydration Natural drying. Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8,
2 Rong Zhou, Mingxia Yang and Haixia Zhang Table. Major chemical components of some plant fiber materials (%) Materials Cellulose Hemicelluloses Lignin Pectin Water soluble Waxy fat Ash matter Bamboo Ramie Hemp Flax Jute Sisal Mulberry Cotton bast Corn husks < - The pretreatment before scouring can remove part of the glial, and the remaining glial may be hydrolyzed into low-molecular-weight substances that can be easily removed during scouring. Therefore, the pretreatment can reduce the work load in the souring process, improve the scouring effect, and shorten the scouring time, thereby reducing material consumption and saving energy. Through comparative tests, two relatively superior pretreatment methods were selected, the pretreatment with oxygen and the pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea. To eliminate the differences caused by the different distribution of fibers in the husks, the corn husks used in the experiment were from the same origin (produced in Hebei, China), of the same species, and harvested in the same batch. In addition, all the husks were mid-layer husks with about mm bottom and mm tip cut off. In the experiment, the solutions were prepared using distilled water and tap water was used for other processes. All comparative tests were completed on the same day in order to reduce experimental error. Each group of experiments included three equal-precision repeated experiments, and the results were averaged as the experiment results. The bath ratio in the small-specimen experiments was :00, and the dry weight of the sample was g. The degumming effect can be represented by the glial removal rate. With the weight of sample before degumming denoted by W, and the weight of the degummed sample, washed to neutral, naturally dried and weighed in dry environment, denoted by W, the glial removal rate can be calculated by the following equation: Glial removal rate = W -W W 00%. for Degumming With the two selected pretreatment methods, the pretreatment with oxygen and the pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea, comparative tests were conducted. The two methods are detailed as follows: The pretreatment with oxygen had the following parameters: the was 6 g/l, the temperature was 40 C, and the preprocessing time was 0 min. The pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea was carried out with of 6 g/l, urea of 0 g/l, temperature of 40 C, and preprocessing time of 0 min. The scouring after both types of pretreatment was done with NaOH of g/l, temperature of 90 C, and scouring time of 0 min, with appropriate amounts of sodium polyphosphate, anhydrous sodium sulfite, ammonium oxalate, and penetrant JFC as scouring additives. The degumming results of the equalprecision repeated experiments with the two different pretreatment methods are shown in Table. It can be seen in Table that with the pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea more glial can be removed from corn husks. In addition, it was observed that the obtained fibers through this pretreatment had better dispersion and whiteness than the fibers obtained through the pretreatment with oxygen. Urea is an hygroscopic organic compound with great hydration capacity, it allows the gaps between microfibers to expand during treatment, thereby further penetrating and swelling the fibers. Meanwhile, urea also reacts with the organic acids produced by fiber oxidation, neutralizing them and promoting the pretreatment process. In addition, urea can be decomposed into cyanate, which can be converted into cyanuric acid. Cyanuric acid reacts with lignin alcohol type hydroxyl and generate water-soluble isocyanates, thereby removing lignin 7. Based on above analysis, it was finally decided to adopt the method of pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide 688 Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8, 04
3 and urea for the degumming of corn husks..4 Process Optimization.4. Orthogonal Experiments The main factors of the pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea that have significant influences on the corn husk degumming effect are Table. Results of experiments with different pretreatment methods methods Degumming results / glial removal rates (%) with oxygen hydrogen peroxide, urea, pretreatment temperature, and pretreatment time. With these four factors as the test factors, and three different values selected for each factor, L 9 ( 4 ) orthogonal experiments was conducted to optimize the process parameters of the pretreatment. In order to exclude the influence of other factors, all scouring processes were done with NaOH with hydrogen peroxide and urea Average glial removal rate (%) of g/l, temperature of 90 C, and scouring time of 0 min. During the design of the factor levels in the orthogonal experiments, the degumming processes of bamboo, hemp and other plants were referenced, and the feasibility and cost of production were also considered. The determined values of the parameters shown in Table. The experiments were divided into nine groups. To ensure that accuracy of experiment results, two equal-precision repeated experiments were performed for each group, and the results were averaged as the experiment results. The experimental design and the obtained results are presented in Table 4. In Table 4, ki is the arithmetic mean of the glial removal rates when all levels of one factor are i. R is the range, and R= -MAX{k,k,k}-MIN{k, k,k}. Table. Factor levels for the orthogonal experiments Factors Levels A /g L - B Urea /g L - C temperature / C D time/min Data Analysis The tests data in Table 4 were analyzed and the analysis is detailed as follows: Range analysis determines the significance of the influence of each factor on the degumming effect. Larger range indicates Table 4. Retreatment test scheme and results Test No. A /g L - B Urea /g L k k k (4) (6) (8) (8) (0) () C temperature / C (0) (0) (40) D time /min (0) (0) (0) Range R Main Secondary CBDA Optimal scheme ABCD Glial removal rate /% Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8,
4 Rong Zhou, Mingxia Yang and Haixia Zhang that the factor s variation in the tested scope will result in a greater variation of the index value. As the data in Table 4 show, the influencing factors of the corn husk degumming can be arranged in descending order of their influences as C B D A, which means the pretreatment temperature is the primary influencing factor. The effect of each factor was also analyzed. Figure presents the glial removal rate of each experiment, and Figure illustrates the trends of each factor s influence on the glial removal rate. Figure. Glial removal rates of the experiments Figure. Trends of factors influences on glial removal rate Combining range analysis with the diagrams in Figures and, it was determined that the combination of factor levels with the highest glial removal rate is A B C D, whereas the combination with the lowest glial removal rate is A B C D. Increasing the hydrogen peroxide in the pretreatment will result in better whiteness of the fibers and higher glial removal rate, yet overly high hydrogen peroxide will reduce the fibers tolerance to the chemicals in the subsequent processes. Likewise, reducing the urea appropriately will result in higher strength of the fibers, yet overly low urea will cause poor dispersibility of the fibers as well as lower glial removal rate. Temperature has the greatest influence on glial removal rate, and lower temperature leads to higher glial removal rate. The nine groups of orthogonal experiments did not include the test with the optimal factor level combination of A B C D, thus three equal-precision experiments were performed and the obtained average glial removal rate was 85.%, which is superior to those of the nine groups of experiments. Therefore, it was confirmed that the optimal technical parameters for the pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea are: of 8 g/l, urea of 8 g/l, pretreatment temperature of 0 C and pretreatment time of 0 min.. Conclusions The chemical composition of corn husks is substantially the same with those of other plant phloem. They basically all contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, waxy fat, water-soluble substances, etc., where the cellulose content in corn husks is about 54-58%. The degumming of corn husks is mainly to remove the lignin. Through experimental study, it was concluded that using pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and urea can help remove more glial, while resulting in better whiteness and dispersion of the fibers. The optimal pretreatment parameters are: of 8 g/l, urea of 8 g/l, pretreatment temperature of 0 C and pretreatment time of 0 min. Acknowledgment This work is supported by Henan Engineering Laboratory of New Textile Product Development, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile and Garment Industry and Henan Scientific and Technological Fund Project, and the paper is one of the achievements of the above projects. References. Zhengfeng Zhu and Xinlei Dong, Zhongyuan University of Technology master's degree thesis, In Chinese. 50 (008) Mingxia Yang and Rong Zhou, Advanced Materials Research, 7 (0) Xiaofeng Song, Yali Wang, and Yan Jiang, Changchun University Of Technology. In Chinese. 6 (005) Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8, 04
5 4. Wei Mao and Jiang Hua, Textile Technology Exhibition. In Chinese. (0) Hongqin Yu and Chongwen Yu, Journal of the Textile Institute, (00) Ming Li and Shaoming Ding, Guangxi Textile & Technology. In Chinese. 7(4) (008) Haifei Zhang, Yuanming Zhang,Chongwen Yu, and Xinggao Li, Shanghai Textile Technology, In Chinese. 8() (00) 44-46, Penghui Jin, Qinhua Feng, and Yaoxing Jiang, Journal of Textile Research, In Chinese. () (0) 55-58, Xiaolong Huang, Huanliang Sun, Guiyuan Meng, and Daping Xie, China Hemp Industry, In Chinese. 5(5) (00) Yuqin Wan, Donghua University Doctoral Disseertation, In Chinese. (00) 6,9.. Xiaojun Han, Beijing Institute Of Clothing Master Thesis, In Chinese. (007).. Jing Wang, Donghua University Maseter Thesis. In Chinese. (007) 7,5.. Jing Ji, Donghua University Dissertation. In Chinese. (005) Shengjing Zhang,Jianlei Sun, and Longxing Li, Cellulose Science And Technology. In Chinese. 8() (0) Xiaoxia Liu, Bast Textile Technology. In Chinese. 4 (997) Xiaoxia Liu, Journal of Wuhan Textile University. In Chinese. (997) 8-7. Yanhui Zhang and Chongwen Yu, Textile Technology Exhibition. In Chinese. 5 (005) Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8, 04 69
6 Rong Zhou, Mingxia Yang and Haixia Zhang 69 Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol., No. 8, 04
Study on the Chemical Modification Process of Jute Fiber
Study on the Chemical Modification Process of Jute Fiber Wei-ming Wang 1,2, Zai-sheng Cai, Ph.D. 1,2, Jian-yong Yu, Ph.D. 3 1 Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education
More informationEffect of Alkali Treatment on the Quality of Hemp Fiber
Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Quality of Hemp Fiber Jie Zhang; Hua Zhang; Jianchun Zhang Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, Beijing CHINA ABSTRACT An orthogonal experimental design
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 215, 7(8):257-261 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR EVALUATING FIVE-CARBON SUGARS IN EUCALYPTUS EXTRACTION LIQUOR
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR EVALUATING FIVE-CARBON SUGARS IN EUCALYPTUS EXTRACTION LIQUOR Congcong Chi, a,b* Zeng Zhang, a Weiwei Ge, a and Hasan Jameel b Alkaline pre-extraction and hydrothermal
More informationRapid Detection of Milk Protein based on Proteolysis Catalyzed by Trypsinase
Rapid Detection of Milk Protein based on Proteolysis Catalyzed by Trypsinase Yafeng Chen Institute of Food Quality and Safety, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 93, China Email:cyfxy498@6.com
More informationthe Effect of Microwave
Preparation and Surface Activity of the Hydrolyzed Protein Surfactant from Chrome Shavings under the Effect of Microwave Haibin Gu, Pingping Li, Li Wang, Weite Yang, Xianghua Wang, Wuyong Chen National
More informationPreparation and Properties of Cornstarch Adhesives
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 5(8): 168-172, 213 ISSN: 242-4868; e-issn: 242-4876 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 213 Submitted: April 16, 213 Accepted: May 14, 213 Published: August
More informationThe Contribution of Enzymes to Bioprocessing and Industrial Sustainability
The Contribution of Enzymes to Bioprocessing and Industrial Sustainability Ghent, Belgium September 21st 2005 Kirsten Birkegaard Stær, Director External Affairs Novozymes in brief Danish biotech-based
More informationResearch Article The Rheological Property of Potato Starch Adhesives
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 6(2): 275-279, 214 DOI:1.1926/ajfst.6.24 ISSN: 242-4868; e-issn: 242-4876 214 Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: November 4, 213 Accepted: November
More informationWet pretreatment of linen by enzyme and alternative bleaching techniques
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 38, June 2013, pp. 150-155 Wet pretreatment of linen by enzyme and alternative bleaching techniques A K Patra 1,a, S S Mahish 1 & J N Chakraborty 2 1 The
More informationHydrolysis of Semi-finished Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fiber
Hydrolysis of Semi-finished Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fiber Juan Xu & Shulin An School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 0160, China E-mail: xujuan060608@163.com
More informationExtraction Of Cornhusk Fibres For Textile Usages
IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (IOSR-JPTE) e-issn: 2348-019X, p-issn: 2348-0181, Volume 4, Issue 1 (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 29-34 www.iosrjournals.org Archana Jain 1,Deepali Rastogi 2,Bhawana
More informationPREPARATION OF POLYSTYRENE HOLLOW MICROSPHERES FROM WASTE FOAMED POLYSTYRENE PLASTICS BY MICROENCAPSULATION METHOD
PREPARATION OF POLYSTYRENE HOLLOW MICROSPHERES FROM WASTE FOAMED POLYSTYRENE PLASTICS BY MICROENCAPSULATION METHOD Wei Bin* 1, Wang Shujun 1, Liu Hongyan 2, Liu Ning 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil
More informationAFM SURFACE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL MODIFIED CTMP FIBERS
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY AFM SURFACE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL MODIFIED CTMP FIBERS CHONG-XING HUANG, QI-FENG YANG and SHUANG-FEI WANG College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University,
More informationEffects of Nitrogen Application Level on Rice Nutrient Uptake and Ammonia Volatilization
Rice Science, 2013, 20(2): 139 147 Copyright 2013, China National Rice Research Institute Published by Elsevier BV. All rights reserved DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60117-1 Effects of Nitrogen Application
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.4-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD OF GB THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.4-2016 National Food Safety Standard
More informationPreparation of Edible Corn Starch Phosphate with Highly Reactive Sodium Tripolyphosphate in the Absence of Catalyst
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research March 2016; 15 (3): 441-445 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001
More informationResearch on Microscopic Pore Structure and Permeability of Air-Entrained Fly Ash Concrete Subjected to Freezing and Thawing Action
4 th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures 26 July 14 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Research on Microscopic Pore Structure and Permeability of Air-Entrained Fly
More informationOptimization research on hydrolysis condition of walnut protein
3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 1) Optimization research on hydrolysis condition of walnut protein Xiaojie Yan 1a, Jinlei Liu 1, Ziming Yang 1,
More informationSeasonal and geographical dispersal regularity of airborne pollens in China LI Quan-sheng, JIANG Sheng-xue, LI Xin-ze, ZHU Xiao-ming, WEI Qing-yu *
Med J Chin PLA, Vol. 42, No. 11, November 1, 2017 951 [] [ ] [ ] R562.25[ ] A[] 0177-7402(2017)11-0951-05 [DOI] 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.11.03 Seasonal and geographical dispersal regularity of airborne
More informationA New Method of Evaluating the Fineness and Residual Gum Content of Hemp Fibres.
1. A New Method of Evaluating the Fineness and Residual Gum Content of Hemp Fibres. Rafael Beltran, Christopher J Hurren, Akif Kaynak and Xungai Wang, School of Engineering and Technology, Deakin University,
More informationLAP-003CS. Procedure Title: Author(s): Bonnie Hames, Fannie Posey-Eddy, Chris Roth, Ray Ruiz, Amie Sluiter, David Templeton.
Biofuels Program Biomass Analysis Technology Team Laboratory Analytical Procedure LAP-003CS Procedure Title: Determination of Acid-Insoluble Lignin in Corn Stover Author(s): Bonnie Hames, Fannie Posey-Eddy,
More informationResearches on Fermentation Engineering of Polysaccharide of
13 1 Vol13 No1 1 2009 2 Life Science Research Feb 2009 1a 1b, 2, 1 416000 2 416000 3 410300 : (Cordyceps militaris), :, 6% 1% 25, ; 6% 1% 22, : ; ; ; ; ; : TQ92 : A : 1007-7847(2009)01-0065-06 Researches
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(3): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(3):214-218 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Extraction Optimization and Antioxidant Activity
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION USING AN ISOLATED STRAIN
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 2, 2015, 285 292 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) OPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION
More informationMODIFICATION OF FORAGE QUALITY POST-HARVEST
MODIFICATION OF FORAGE QUALITY POST-HARVEST http://www.hayhorsefeeders.com/round-bale-feeders.html Gwinyai E. Chibisa, Ph.D. Chemical Treatments: Hydrolytic Agents Hydrolytic agents = Alkali s e.g., NaOH,
More informationThe Effect of Chemical Treatment on Tensile Strength and Weight of Banana Stem Fiber after Treating with Various Chemicals
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 7 Ver. IV (July. 2017), PP 66-70 www.iosrjournals.org The Effect of Chemical Treatment on Tensile
More informationEffect of Humic Acid Application on the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco
Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 6, No. 11; 2014 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Effect of Humic Acid Application on the Yield and Quality of
More informationResearch of the Measurement on Palmitic Acid in Edible Oils by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Research of the Measurement on Palmitic Acid in Edible Oils by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hui Li 1, Jingzhu Wu 1*, Cuiling Liu 1, 1 College of Computer & Information Engineering, Beijing Technology and
More informationSoil organic matter composition, decomposition, mineralization and immobilization
Soil organic matter composition, decomposition, mineralization and immobilization SOIL ORGANIC MATTER Substances containing carbon are organic matter. Soil organic matter consists of decomposing plant
More informationSTAKEHOLDER PANEL ON Dietary Supplements Background & Fitness for Purpose Protein
STAKEHOLDER PANEL ON Dietary Supplements Background & Fitness for Purpose Protein Spencer Carter AOAC 2016 Mid Year Meeting Gaithersburg, MD 17 March 2016 Background Significance Adulteration Existing
More informationTHERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS
THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at
More informationEFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES
EFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES Dongxia Liu, Jianling Zhang, Tiancheng Mu, Jing Chen, Weize Wu, Jun
More informationNanolignin Modified Linen Fabric as a Multifunctional Product
Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 484, pp. 43=[409] 50=[416], 2008 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1542-1406 print=1563-5287 online DOI: 10.1080/15421400801903395 Nanolignin Modified Linen Fabric
More informationBioScience Trends. 2018; 12(5): College of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
Policy Forum BioScience Trends. ; ():-. DOI:./bst.. China issues the National Essential Medicines List ( edition): Background, differences from previous editions, and potential issues Jiangjiang He,, Mi
More informationChanges in Cooking and Nutrition Qualities of Grains at Different Positions in a Rice Panicle under Different Nitrogen Levels
Rice Science, 2007, 14(2): 141-148 Copyright 2007, China National Rice Research Institute. Published by Elsevier BV. All rights reserved Changes in Cooking and Nutrition Qualities of Grains at Different
More informationAVINASH CHANDRA, MD. September 16 th, Business Address: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center
AVINASH CHANDRA, MD September 16 th, 2014 Title: MRI Fellow Business Address: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center 100 High Street; Buffalo, NY 14203 Work: 716 859 7040 Email: achandra@bnac.net Education
More informationThe Application of Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC) Technology to Minimize the Degradation Rate of Glucose
International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 88 (2015) DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2015. V88. 6 The Application of Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC) Technology to Minimize
More informationResearch Article Study on Optimal Conditions of Alcalase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Protein Isolate
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 9(2): 154-158, 2015 DOI: 10.19026/ajfst.9.1952 ISSN: 2042-4868; e-issn: 2042-4876 2015 Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: February 13, 2015 Accepted:
More informationTechnology of Extracting Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil with Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzyme and Response Surface Method
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2016, 7, 807-816 Published Online July 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/fns http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2016.79081 Technology of Extracting Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil
More informationCOOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and its Role in Alfalfa Analysis
UC CE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and its Role in Alfalfa Analysis P.H. Robinson Cooperative Extension Specialist Department of Animal Science University
More informationProperties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time
Properties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time P-STARCH-26 Kunruedee Sangseethong 1 and Klanarong Sriroth 2,3 1 Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit,
More informationGenome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects identifies susceptibility loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54
CORRECTION NOTICE Nat. Genet. 42, 759 763 (2010); published online 22 August 2010; corrected online 27 August 2014 Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects
More informationEasyPlus Titration. Food & Beverage Analysis Made Easy Swiss Precision for Your Analysis
EasyPlus Titration Food & Beverage Analysis Made Easy Swiss Precision for Your Analysis Food & Beverage Titrators Titrators for Your Samples Full Package for Your F&B Analysis The food and beverage industries
More informationYY/T Translated English of Chinese Standard: YYT PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: YYT0325-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD YY OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
More informationBIO- DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE MADE FROM STARCH AND COCONUT FIBER : MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND BIODEGRATION CHRACTERSTICS
BIO- DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE MADE FROM STARCH AND COCONUT FIBER : MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND BIODEGRATION CHRACTERSTICS 55 Rahul Sen*, N.C.Upadhayay**, Upender Pandel*** *Research Scholar **Associate Professor
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF
GSJ: Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2017 50 GSJ: Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2017, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF SEQUESTERING AGENT IN TEXTILE WET PROCESSING Md.Salauddin
More informationStudy on the Preparation and Functional Properties of Rapeseed Protein
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ICSA2008 Study on the Preparation and Functional Properties of Rapeseed Protein GUO Lulu1, DONG Xuyan1, MA Liang3, ZHENG Boping3, JIANG Wenlong3, WEI
More informationStudy on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide of Atractylis Macroceohala Koidz of Experiment 1
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 17 (2012 ) 1778 1785 2012 International Conference on Future Electrical Power and Energy Systems Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide
More informationEFFECT OF GERMINATION ON HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) SEED COMPOSITION
EFFECT OF GERMINATION ON HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) SEED COMPOSITION research paper SABIN-GEORGE ALBU 1, RADU MARłI* Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2013, 4(1):67-74 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Analysis of Abakaliki Rice Husks N. B. Ekwe Chemical Engineering Department, University
More informationResearch on Extraction Process of Gallic Acid from Penthorum chinense Pursh by Aqueous Ethanol
Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2015, 5, 63-69 Published Online May 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/gsc http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2015.52009 Research on Extraction Process of Gallic Acid
More informationand apparatus 2.1 Mainreagent
Study on Application Technics of A Chrome-tanning Assistant of Hyperbranched Polyme with Carboxyl End-group QIANG Tao-tao, WANG Xue-chuan, REN Long-fang, YUAN Xu-zhang (College of Resource & Environment,
More information30.1 Organization of the Human Body
30.1 Organization of the Human Body Organization of the Body The levels of organization in the body include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. At each level of organization, these parts of the
More informationChapter 20 Feed Preparation and Processing
Chapter 20 Feed Preparation and Processing GRAIN PROCESSING METHODS COLD PROCESSING METHODS Rollermill Grinding Rollermills act on grain by compressing it between two smooth or corrugated rollers that
More informationGB/T Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T24253-2009 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB ICS 59.080.30 W 04 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB/T 24253-2009 Textiles
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.5-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.5-2016 National food safety standard
More informationAvian Influenza A(H7N9) 13 February 2014 Surveillance Update
Avian Influenza A(H7N9) 13 February 2014 Surveillance Update Summary The WHO has reported 337 human infections including 66 deaths with onset since February 2013. There are still no signs of ongoing, efficient,
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 3, April 2016
UTILIZATION OF COCONUT LEAF SHEATH FIBER AND ITS PROPERTIES DIVYA.G* Dr. C.KRISHNAVENI** *M.Phil, Scholar, Dept. of Botany, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India **Associate
More informationBeer Pellet - Perspective Raw Material for. Receiving Xylitol
Journal of Innovative Technology and Education, Vol. 2, 2015, no. 1, 57-63 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/jite.2015.5915 Beer Pellet - Perspective Raw Material for Receiving Xylitol
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF QTLS FOR STARCH CONTENT IN SWEETPOTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS (L.) LAM.)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture Advanced Online Publication: 2013 Doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60357-3 IDENTIFICATION OF QTLS FOR STARCH CONTENT IN SWEETPOTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS (L.) LAM.) YU Xiao-xia
More informationFertilizers. Chapter INTRODUCTION
Chapter 21 Fertilizers 1. INTRODUCTION Besides the three basic elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are common to all plants, there are 16 other elements known to be essential to good plant growth.
More informationRelationship in between Chemical Oxidation and Browning of Flavanols
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Relationship in between Chemical Oxidation and Browning of Flavanols To cite this article: X Dong et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth
More informationAppropriate Quality regarde as
A systematic review of antibiotic prescription associated with upper respiratory tract infections in China (Jing Li, MS 1 ) Supplemental Digital Content-Table 1. Quality assessment of included studies
More informationPERP/PERP ABSTRACTS Acrylic Fiber PERP 09/10S7
PERP/PERP ABSTRACTS 2010 Acrylic Fiber PERP 09/10S7 Report Abstract February 2012 December 2011 Alexander Coker, Jun Goh and Matthew Hartley CHEMSYSTEMS PERP PROGRAM Nexant s ChemSystems Process Evaluation/Research
More informationSupplementation of High Corn Silage Diets for Dairy Cows. R. D. Shaver Professor and Extension Dairy Nutritionist
INTRODUCTION Supplementation of High Corn Silage Diets for Dairy Cows R. D. Shaver Professor and Extension Dairy Nutritionist Department of Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Life Sciences University
More informationTAML TM Oxidant Activators: Green Bleaching Agents for Paper Manufacturing. A Green Chemistry Module
TAML TM Oxidant Activators: Green Bleaching Agents for Paper Manufacturing A Green Chemistry Module Background Paper making 2000 years old, started in China World Consumption 300 million tons/year Highest
More informationUSE OF DDGS AS A FEED INGREDIENT ETHANOL AND DDGS OVERVIEW AN EVOLVING ETHANOL INDUSTRY
ETHANOL AND DDGS OVERVIEW 98% of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in North America is produced from Ethanol plants for oxygenated fuels 33+ million metric tons of DDGS are produced in North
More informationOPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(2), 2010, 909-913 OPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE T. SATHISH a and N. Y. S. MURTHY * Department of Biotechnology, Malla Reddy Engineering College, HYDERABAD (A.P.)
More informationAlumina stabilized ZnO-graphene anode for lithium ion
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information for Alumina stabilized ZnO-graphene anode for lithium ion batteries via
More informationDAIRY FOCUS AT ILLINOIS NEWSLETTER. Focus on Forages Volume 2, Number 1
Volume 2, Number 1 Focus on Forages 2015 Forages have always been an important source of nutrients for the dairy cow. Feeding high quality forages can increase dairy efficiency and help reduce the feed
More informationValue chain for Chicken. Steffen Adler, NIBIO Trondheim 19. april 2016
Value chain for Chicken Steffen Adler, Trondheim 19. april 2016 CYCLE CYCLE objective Introduce a holistic approach to improve resource utilization in the Norwegian food chain by developing knowledge and
More informationBalanced Fertilization Improves Fiber Yield and Quality of Winter Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, 291-296 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.42038 Published Online February 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) Balanced Fertilization Improves Fiber Yield
More informationStudy on Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Starch Jian-Jiang SHANG1, a*, Li-Na JIANG1,b, De-Qiang LI2,c and Xiao-Yan ZHU1,d
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2016) Study on Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Starch Jian-Jiang SHANG1, a*, Li-Na JIANG1,b, De-Qiang
More informationResearch on the Public Comfort Cognition of Silk Fabrics for Garment---Base on the Survey Data from Hangzhou, China
Asian Social Science; Vol. 14, No. 8; 2018 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Research on the Public Comfort Cognition of Silk Fabrics for Garment---Base
More informationCanqiu Yu 1, Jinwei Chen 2, Li Huang 3*
A STUDY ON THE ANTITUMOUR EFFECT OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS FROM PTERIS MULTIFIDA POIR IN H22 TUMOUR-BEARING MICE 459 Canqiu Yu 1, Jinwei Chen 2, Li Huang 3* 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(2):7-11. Research Article. Acid-Catalyzed Pretreatment of Wastewater from Glycerin Production
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(2):7-11 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Acid-Catalyzed Pretreatment of Wastewater from Glycerin
More informationEvaluation of Suitable Nutrient Management on Dual Purpose Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Crop under New Alluvial Zone (NAZ) of West Bengal, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.002
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.85-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.85-2016
More informationFunctional Modification of Jute Fiber by Enzymatic Grafting of Gallate Esters
193 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 62, 2017 Guest Editors: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He Copyright 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-60-0; ISSN 2283-9216 The Italian
More informationPreparation of Plywood Using Starch Adhesives Modified with. Isocyanate
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 26-28 (2010) pp 1065-1068 Online available since 2010/Jun/30 at www.scientific.net (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.1065
More informationEffect of process conditions on high solid enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated pine
Effect of process conditions on high solid enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated pine Abstract Anders Josefsson Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden 213-6-12 In this study a relatively
More informationStudy on the determination of chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis-spectrophotometry
3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology (ICMIT 2016) Study on the determination of chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis-spectrophotometry Sihui Wu1,a, Yonghe Jiang2,b, Shang
More informationInfluence of Starch-inorganic Salt Surface Sizing on the Application Properties of Corrugating Medium
- 266042-8 2 6 g /m 2 76. 3% 80. 0% 82. 5% 74. 7% 72. 6% 80. 9% 13. 1% 14. 3% 15. 6% Cobb 140 g /m 2 30 g /m 2 TS727 +. 5 A 0254-508X 2013 04-0022-05 Influence of Starch-inorganic Salt Surface Sizing on
More informationBasics of Alkali Refining & Water Washing of Vegetable Oils. Andrew Logan Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S
Basics of Alkali Refining & Water Washing of Vegetable Oils Andrew Logan Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S Physical Refining Crude Oil Chemical Refining Water Degumming Gums drying Crude Lecithin Acid Gums To
More informationOpen Access Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-based Chinese Resident Best Fitness Behavior Method Research
Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 0, 9, - Open Access Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-based Chinese Resident Best Fitness Behavior Method
More informationDDGS: An Evolving Commodity. Dr. Jerry Shurson University of Minnesota
DDGS: An Evolving Commodity Dr. Jerry Shurson University of Minnesota Animals Require Nutrients on a Daily Basis Feed Ingredients Supply Nutrients in Different Amounts and Forms Nutritionist s Job: Develop
More informationKeywords: Green bamboo; Kraft pulping; Kinetics; Prehydrolyzed; Dissolving pulp; Optimization
PREPARATION OF DISSOLVING PULP FROM BAMBOO FOR TEXTILE APPLICATIONS. PART 2. OPTIMIZATION OF PULPING CONDITIONS OF HYDROLYZED BAMBOO AND ITS KINETICS Xiaojuan Ma, Liulian Huang*, Shilin Cao, Yanxi Chen,
More informationESTIMATING THE ENERGY VALUE OF CORN SILAGE AND OTHER FORAGES. P.H. Robinson 1 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
ESTIMATING THE ENERGY VALUE OF CORN SILAGE AND OTHER FORAGES P.H. Robinson 1 ABSTRACT It is possible to estimate the energy value of ruminant feeds if some chemical assays of the feedstuffs, and the estimated
More informationMeasuring detergent fibre and insoluble protein in corn silage using crucibles or filter bags
Animal Feed Science and Technology 133 (2007) 335 340 Short communication Measuring detergent fibre and insoluble protein in corn silage using crucibles or filter bags Gonzalo Ferreira a,, David R. Mertens
More informationFigure 2. Figure 1. Name: Bio AP Lab Organic Molecules
Name: Bio AP Lab Organic Molecules BACKGROUND: A cell is a living chemistry laboratory in which most functions take the form of interactions between organic molecules. Most organic molecules found in living
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(6):
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 6 (2013) pp. 273-279 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Effect of phosphorus and potassium content of plant and soil inoculated with Paneibacillus kribensis
More information22. The Fischer Esterification
22. The Fischer Esterification A. Background Esters are an incredibly important functional group in organic chemistry. Esters are typically very pleasant smelling molecules and are therefore frequently
More information9. At about 0 C., most enzymes are (1.) inactive (2.) active (3.) destroyed (4.) replicated
Study Guide 1. Which of the following enzymes would digest a fat? (1.) sucrase (2.) fatase (3.) protease (4.) lipase 2. At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat
More informationSection I : Fibers Outline
Section I : Fibers Outline Introduction o Generic and trade names o Classification o Staple and filament fibers Understanding Fiber Structure and Properties Fiber Terminology o Fiber Structure Length;
More informationMODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Oils and fats, soaps & detergents 13 2 Pulp and Paper Explosives and insecticides Sugar, starch and leather 13
COURSE TITLE : ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE : 5072 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 4 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 52 CREDIT : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Oils and fats, soaps & detergents 13 2
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB13078-2017 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net ICS 65.120 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB B 46
More informationProtein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1
Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1 Bill Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691 email:
More informationConcentrating Alpha-tocopherol from Oil Byproduct with Supercritical Methanol and CO 2
Concentrating Alpha-tocopherol from Oil Byproduct with Supercritical Methanol and CO 2 Tao Fang, Wahyudiono, Motonobu Goto *, Mitsuru Sasaki Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University,
More informationScreening of Rice Straw Degrading Microorganisms and Their Cellulase Activities
Research 83 KKU Sci. J.37 (Supplement) 83-88 (2009) Screening of Rice Straw Degrading Microorganisms and Their Cellulase Activities Abstract Atcha Boonmee 1,2* Rice straw is one of the most abundant agricultural
More information