Renal pathophysiology.
|
|
- Rose Spencer
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Renal pathophysiology
2 Outline Intro basic structure & physiology Nephrotic syndrome Nephritic syndrome Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease
3 Gross structure and location
4 Kidney anatomy Capsule
5 Nephron
6 Nephron
7 Kidney µ-structure the renal corpuscule Histological minimum
8 Kidney µ-structure tubular segments Histological minimum
9 Kidney µ-structure tubular segments Histological minimum Glomerulus
10 Kidney ULTRAstructure 2D 3D
11 Kidney vasculature
12 Kidney FUNCTIONs Excretion (Blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion) Homeostasis = minerals, water, ph Osmolality Endocrine functions
13 Urine formation Filtration Reabsorption, secretion
14 Urine formation
15 Some useful terms GFR Renal clearance Creatinine Urea
16 Glomerular filtration rate = volume of blood filtered each minute cca 125mL/min only 1ml of the 125mL is excreted in urine = avarege output of urine is 60ml/hour
17 Arterioles
18 Glomerular vessels GFR Renal perfusion Afferent arteriole Vasoconstriction Afferent arteriole Vasodilation Efferent arteriole Vasoconstriction Efferent arteriole Vasodilatation
19 Renal clearance = volume of plasma that is completely cleared each minute of any substance that finds its way to the urine Urine concentration x urine flow rate ml/min Plasma concentration Depends on Filtration, absorption, secretion Inulin clearance = GFR Creatinine clearance GFR (secretion) Urea clearance GFR (absorption)
20 Creatinine = byproduct of creatinine metabolism by the muscle, its formation and release are relatively constant and proportional to muscle mass - Filtered but not absorbed = clinically for GFR measurement - (secreted, but minimally)
21 Urea = end product of protein metabolism high protein diet excessive tissue breakdown rectal bleeding
22 Normal blood chemistry levels
23 Endocrine functions Renin Erythropoietin Vitamin D conversion
24 Juxtaglomerular complex = granules of inactive renin =detection of NaCl in the tubular filtrate JGA feedback control system that links changes in the GFR with renal blood flow.
25 RAAS
26 Erythropoietin red blood cell differentiation 89-95% is produced in the kidney (mostly fibroblasts) anemia linked to kidney diseases!
27 Vitamin D
28 Proteinuria pressence of an excess serum protein in the urine
29 Clinical syndromes Nephrotic syndrome Nephritic syndrome Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure
30 Nephrotic syndrome = constellation of clinical findngs that result from increased glomerular permeability of plasma proteins proteinuria > 3.5g/day hypoalbuminemia edema hyperlipidemia lipiduria trombophilia
31 Nephritic syndrome = inflammatory responses that decrease the permeability of the glomerular capillary membrane oliguria ( GFR) proteinuria hematuria hypertension edema
32 Nephrotic vs. nephritic syndrome NEPHROTIC proteinuria > 3.5g/day hypoalbuminemia edema hyperlipidemia lipiduria trombophilia NEPHRITIC oliguria proteinuria hematuria hypertension edema
33 Nephritic vs. nephrotic syndrome
34 Renal failure Acute Chronic
35 Acute renal failure (ARF) rapid decrease in GFR accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid, creatinine) = azotemia disruption in homeostasis of water, minerals acidbase balance Anuria 50 ml/day Oliguria 500 ml/day Polyuria 3000 ml/day
36 Acute renal failure (ARF) Pre-renal (55%) Renal (40%) Post-renal (5%)
37 Prerenal (ARF) = marked decrease in renal blood flow hypovolemia (haemorrhagia, dehydration, burn injury) hypotension (shock cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic) hypoperfusion (vasoconstriction or atherosclerosis of renal artery)
38 Renal ARF = damage to structures within the kidneys glomeruli (glomerulonephritides) tubuli (acute tubular necrosis) interstitium (tubulointerstitial nephritides)
39 Glomerulonephritis = inflammatory process that involves glomerular structures = cause: diseases that provoke proliferative inflammatory response to the endothelial, mesangial or epithelial cells - the inflammatory process damages the capillary wall permitting red blood cells to escape into the urine = hemodynamic changes that decrease the GFR
40 Glomerulonephritis = most cases have immune origin
41 Glomerulonephritis = cellular changes: Ø proliferative increase in the cellular components Ø sclerotic increase in the noncellular components Ø membranous increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane = types: Ø Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis Ø Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
42 Acute tubular necrosis = destruction of tubular epithelial cells with acute suppression of renal function = the most common cause of ARF Causes: ischemia, drug nephrotoxicity, tubular obstruction, toxins from a massive obstruction
43 Acute tubular necrosis
44 (Tubulo)interstitial nephritis = affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules Etiology: infection, reaction to medication, pyelonephritis
45 Urinary tract infection (UTI) = asymptomatic bacteriuria vs. symptomatic infections = lower urinary tract (cystitis) vs. upper urinary tract (pyelonephritis) - E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis... (adherent properties!) - Bacterial colonization of urethra, vagina, perineal area - Risk: women, children, elderly, cathetrization,
46 UTI - manifestations = cystitis: frequent urination (á 20min), lower abdominal or back discomfort, burning and pain (dysuria) on urination = pyelonephritis: shaking chills, fever, constant pain in the loin area, dysuria, freqeuency and urgency, nausea, vomiting
47 Postrenal ARF = obstruction of urine outflow from the kidneys ureter (calculi, strictures, BUO) bladder (tumors, neurogenic bladder) urethra (prostatic hypertrophy) Treatment addressing the underlying cause of obstruction so that the urine flow is reestablished before permanent nephron damage occurs
48 Urolithiasis = formation of stones in the urinary tract (calcium salts, uric acid, magnesium ammonium sulphate, cystine). uretherolithiasis (urether) nephrolithiasis (kidney)
49 Urolithiasis
50 Management of ARF Monitoring (Urine output, BUN, s-crea) Cause??? Discontinuing of nephrotoxic drugs usage Caloric intake Judicious administration of fluids Dialysis or renal replacement therapy
51 Animal models of ARF Bilateral nephrectomy Bilateral ischemia reperfusion injury Bilateral ureteral ligation cisplatin, adriamycin, rapamycin, glycerol, folic acid
52 Chronic renal failure (CRF) decrease in GFR 60ml/min for a minimum of three months progressive & irreversible alterations of nephrons compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining nephrons Regardless of cause, chronic renal failure results in loss of renal cells with progressive deterioration of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsortive capacity, and endocrine functions of the kidney. All forms of renal failure are characterized by a reduction in GFR, reflecting a corresponding reduction in the number of functional nephrons.
53 CRF
54 CRF Diminished renal reserve GFR drops to 50% (BUN & creatinine levels are in normal range) Renal insufficiency GFR is between 50 20% (isosthenuria; anemia, polyuria, hypertension) Renal failure GFR is less than 20% (edema, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia) End-Stage Renal Disease GFR is less than 5%
55 pericarditis Clinical manifestations accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (Uremia) alterations of water, acid-base and electrolyte balance mineral and skeletal disorders renal hypertension anemia neurologic disorders (uremic encephalopathy)
56 Treatment of CRF Conservative (dietary restriction & BP management) Dialysis Renal replacament therapy
57 Causes of CRF Diabetes Hypertension Glomerulonephritis (chronic) Polycystic kidney disease Chronic pyelonephritis
58 Diabetic nephropathy = major complication of Diabetes glucose hyperfiltration (intraglomerular hypertension) thickening of the GBM = sclerosis mesangioproliferative changes microalbuminuria (30-300mg protein/day) proteinuria hypertension Non-nephrotic proteinuria => nephrotic syndrome => Renal failure
59 Hypertension = cause & result of kidney disease - Associated with many changes in glomerular structures, including sclerosis - Increased vascular volume - Na retention - Impaired renin production
60 Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) = cysts are fluid-filled sacs or segments of dilated nephron. - tubular obstructions => intratubular pressure OR - changes in the basement membrane of the tubules => predispose to cystic dilation - PKD = hereditary disorder (PKD1, PKD2)
61 Chronic UTI = Recurrent UTI (persistance or re-infection) = Chronic UTI (obstructive uropathy or reflux flow of urine) - Irreversible scaring
62 Renal fibrosis Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue. Similar to wound healing probably initiates as a beneficial response to injury. If an injurious condition is sustained non-functional fibrotic tissues replace the functional tissues. Final common pathway of virtually any progressive chronic kidney disease (inedependent of origin diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, chronic allograft nephropathy ) 10% of adult population Key characteristics fibroblast expansion and extensive ECM deposition
63 Renal fibrosis Healthy kidney alpha smooth muscle actin, α-sma Internal control - positive staining in media of vessels (VSMCs)
64 Renal fibrosis Fibrotic kidney alpha smooth muscle actin, α-sma = MYOFIBROBLAST marker Massive upregulation in fibrosis marks expansion of myofibroblasts (only found in fibrotic kidneys)
65 Renal fibrosis Healthy kidney Collagen III., Col III.
66 Renal fibrosis Fibrotic kidney Collagen III., Col III.
67 Healthy kidney PAS
68 Fibrotic kidney PAS Inflammation Tubular atrophy ECM Tubular dilation
69 Fibrotic kidney PAS
70 Animal models of CKD 5/6 nephrectomy CTRL UUO unilateral ureteral obstruction Day ischemia reperfusion injury CTRL I/R Alport mice 30 minutes, warm ischemia - 37 C Day
71 Thank you for your attention
Renal pathophysiology.
Renal pathophysiology basa.konecna@gmail.com Outline Intro basic structure & physiology Nephro7c syndrome Nephri7c syndrome Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease Gross structure and loca7on Kidney
More informationFunctions of the kidney:
Diseases of renal system : Normal anatomy of renal system : Each human adult kidney weighs about 150 gm, the ureter enters the kidney at the hilum, it dilates into a funnel-shaped cavity, the pelvis, from
More informationAlterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Chapter 29 Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary tract obstruction is an interference with the flow of urine at any site along the urinary tract The obstruction
More informationDisorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome.
Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Disturbances in urine volume oliguria, anuria, polyuria Abnormalities of urine sediment red
More informationAdvanced Concept of Nursing- II UNIT-VI Advance Nursing Management of Genitourinary (GU) Diseases.
In The Name of God (A PROJECT OF NEW LIFE COLLEGE OF NURSING KARACHI) Advanced Concept of Nursing- II UNIT-VI Advance Nursing Management of Genitourinary (GU) Diseases. Shahzad Bashir RN, BScN, DCHN,MScN
More informationUrinary system disorders Chapter 29
Urinary system disorders Chapter 29 1 The Nephron Anatomy 2 Physiology 1.25 L per minute blood flow 25% of Cardiac Output Kidney compensates if one is lost - 2 weeks 3 Urine Formation 1. Filtration 2.
More informationNephrology - the study of the kidney. Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system
Urinary System Nephrology - the study of the kidney Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system Functions of the Urinary System 1. Regulation
More information1. Disorders of glomerular filtration
RENAL DISEASES 1. Disorders of glomerular filtration 2. Nephrotic syndrome 3. Disorders of tubular transport 4. Oliguria and polyuria 5. Nephrolithiasis 6. Disturbances of renal blood flow 7. Acute renal
More informationDr.Nahid Osman Ahmed 1
1 ILOS By the end of the lecture you should be able to Identify : Functions of the kidney and nephrons Signs and symptoms of AKI Risk factors to AKI Treatment alternatives 2 Acute kidney injury (AKI),
More informationnetwork of thin-walled capillaries closely surrounded by a pear-shaped epithelial membrane called the Bowman s capsule
Renal Terminology Renal-Root Words & Combining Forms calyx cortex glomerul/o medulla nephr/o pyel/o py/o ur/o ren/o cuplike division of the kidney outer layer of kidney glomerula inner or central portion
More informationRENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University
RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture each student should be able to: Define acute & chronic kidney disease(ckd)
More informationChapter 10: Urinary System & Excretion
Chapter 10: Urinary System & Excretion Organs of Urinary System Kidneys (2) form urine Ureters (2) Carry urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder Stores urine Urethra Carries urine from bladder to outside
More informationHTN, retenopathy, edema, encephalopathy
ARF Uremic syndrom Uremic syndrome (uremia) is a serious complication of CRF & ARF. It occurs when urea and other waste products build up in the body because the kidneys are unable to eliminate them. These
More informationBCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues
BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues VII. Renal Structure, Function & Regulation Kidney Function 1. Regulate Extracellular fluid (ECF) (plasma and interstitial fluid) through formation of urine.
More informationThe Excretory System
The Excretory System The excretory system The excretory system includes the skin, lungs and kidneys which all release metabolic wastes from the body. The kidneys, skin and the lungs are the principle organs
More informationAcute Kidney Injury (AKI)
(Last Updated: 08/22/2018) Created by: Socco, Samantha Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Thambi, M. (2017). Acute Kidney Injury. Lecture presented at PHAR 503 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago. AKI This
More informationRenal Disease and PK/PD. Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology
Renal Disease and PK/PD Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology Drugs and Kidneys Kidney is one of the major organ of drug elimination from the human body Renal disease and dialysis alters the pharmacokinetics
More informationThe Renal System. Dr Noel Sharkey
The Renal System Dr Noel Sharkey Learning Objectives Function Anatomy Physiology Pharmacology Pathophysiology The Function of the Kidney Excretion - Urea - Metabolites - Drugs Regulation - BP control (RAAS)
More informationObstructive Uropathy. PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES UUO vs BUO. Arry Rodjani Urology Department Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Obstructive Uropathy PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES UUO vs BUO Arry Rodjani Urology Department Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta INTRODUCTION Obstructive uropathy refers to the functional or anatomic obstruction
More informationRenal Disease. Please refer to the assignment page Three online modules TBLs
Renal Disease Please refer to the assignment page Three online modules TBLs 1 Renal Embryology 2 Lab Tests UA CBC Enzymes Creatinine Creatinine clearance Ammonia Abs C Bx 3 BUN Creatinine Creatinine Clearance
More informationA&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M
A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M URINARY SYSTEM CONTRIBUTION TO HOMEOSTASIS Regulates body water levels Excess water taken in is excreted Output varies from 2-1/2 liter/day to 1 liter/hour
More information** Accordingly GFR can be estimated by using one urine sample and do creatinine testing.
This sheet includes the lecture and last year s exam. When a patient goes to a clinic, we order 2 tests: 1) kidney function test: in which we measure UREA and CREATININE levels, and electrolytes (Na+,
More informationTHE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS. Dr Boldizsár CZÉH
THE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Dr Boldizsár CZÉH The kidneys are vital organs Functional unit: Nephron RENAL FUNCTIONS Electrolyte & Fluid Balances Acid-Base Balances Elimination of Metabolic
More informationGlomerular pathology in systemic disease
Glomerular pathology in systemic disease Lecture outline Lupus nephritis Diabetic nephropathy Glomerulonephritis Associated with Bacterial Endocarditis and Other Systemic Infections Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
More informationChapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine
Chapter 23 Composition and Properties of Urine Composition and Properties of Urine (1 of 2) urinalysis the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine appearance - clear, almost colorless
More informationRENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture
#Clinical Chemistry RENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture Dr. Kakul Husain # The Kidney Kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of fist, located near the middle of the back, just below the ribs cage.
More informationKidneys and Homeostasis
16 The Urinary System The Urinary System OUTLINE: Eliminating Waste Components of the Urinary System Kidneys and Homeostasis Urination Urinary Tract Infections Eliminating Waste Excretion Elimination of
More informationRenal and Urinary Tract Disorders
Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders Objectives: Congenital Kidney Disorders, Obstructive Kidney Disorders and Kidney cancer. Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Disorders Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationURINARY SYSTEM CHAPTER 28 I ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. Student Name
Student Name CHAPTER 28 URINARY SYSTEM L iving produces wastes. Wherever people live or work or play, wastes accumulate. To keep these areas healthy, there must be a method of disposing of these wastes
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationHIHIM 409 7/26/2009. Kidney and Nephron. Fermamdo Vega, M.D. 1
Function of the Kidneys Nephrology Fernando Vega, M.D. Seattle Healing Arts Center Remove Wastes Regulate Blood Pressure Regulate Blood Volume Regulates Electrolytes Converts Vitamin D to active form Produces
More informationOutline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system
Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of
More informationDay 1 Bell Work We will be discussing one of FIVE excretory organs in the human body. We have already studied four of them. The kidneys are considered
URINARY SYSTEM 1 Day 1 Bell Work We will be discussing one of FIVE excretory organs in the human body. We have already studied four of them. The kidneys are considered the main organ in the excretory system.
More informationNon-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN)
Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN) A simple, inexpensive screening test a routine urinalysis is often the first test conducted if kidney problems are suspected. A small, randomly collected urine
More informationChapter 11 Lecture Outline
Chapter 11 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction
More informationTHE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS
THE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS JACK WATERMAN DO FACOI 2013 NEPHROLOGY SIR RICHARD BRIGHT TERMINOLOGY RENAL INSUFFICIENCY CKD (CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE) ESRD (ENDSTAGE RENAL DISEASE) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
More informationChapter 20 Diseases of the kidney:
Chapter 20 Diseases of the kidney: 1. Which of the following is seen in Nephrotic syndrome (2000, 2004) (a) Albumin is lost in the urine, while other globulins are unaffected (b) Early hypertension (c)
More informationClinical Significance of ARF. Hospital Acquired Renal Insufficiency. Case - Acute Renal Failure. Hospital Acquired Renal Insufficiency
Case - Acute Renal Failure 73 yo diabetic F w hx of mild HBP but normal renal function develops infection of R foot. Over 1 week fever, chills, inflammation swelling of her R foot and leg. She takes Motrin
More informationPathophysiology. Renal basic structure / function. Page 1. JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, ,
Pathophysiology JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, 932-9240, advis@aesop.rutgers.edu 17 Course website: rci.rutgers.edu/~advis Lectures, tests, grades, office hours, textbook, Material
More informationUrinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System
Urinary System Organization The Golden Rule: The Job of The Urinary System is to Maintain the Composition and Volume of ECF remember this & all else will fall in place! Functions of the Urinary System
More informationThe Urinary S. (Chp. 10) & Excretion. What are the functions of the urinary system? Maintenance of water-salt and acidbase
10.1 Urinary system The Urinary S. (Chp. 10) & Excretion 10.1 Urinary system What are the functions of the urinary system? 1. Excretion of metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid & creatinine) 1. Maintenance
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Zekeriyya ALANOGLU, MD, DESA Ahmet Onat Bermede, MD, Ankara University School of Medicine Dept. Anesthesiology and ICM
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Zekeriyya ALANOGLU, MD, DESA Ahmet Onat Bermede, MD, Ankara University School of Medicine Dept. Anesthesiology and ICM Kidneys Stabilize the composition of the ECF (electrolyte, H
More information1. Urinary System, General
S T U D Y G U I D E 16 1. Urinary System, General a. Label the figure by placing the numbers of the structures in the spaces by the correct labels. 7 Aorta 6 Kidney 8 Ureter 2 Inferior vena cava 4 Renal
More informationA clinical syndrome, composed mainly of:
Nephritic syndrome We will discuss: 1)Nephritic syndrome: -Acute postinfectious (poststreptococcal) GN -IgA nephropathy -Hereditary nephritis 2)Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) A clinical syndrome, composed
More informationExcretory System. Biology 2201
Excretory System Biology 2201 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates: Body heat Water-salt concentrations Acid-base concentrations Metabolite concentrations ORGANS
More informationExcretory System. Excretory System
Excretory System Biology 2201 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates: Body heat Water-salt concentrations Acid-base concentrations Metabolite concentrations 1
More informationUrinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16
Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system
More informationThe Renal System. David Carroll
The Renal System David Carroll dcarroll06@qub.ac.uk https://www.davidontheinter.net Learning Objectives What you need to pass your exam Anatomy Physiology Pharmacology Pathophysiology Renal Anatomy Renal
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Zekeriyya ALANOGLU, MD, DESA. Ahmet Onat Bermede, MD. Ankara University School of Medicine Dept. Anesthesiology and ICM
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Zekeriyya ALANOGLU, MD, DESA. Ahmet Onat Bermede, MD. Ankara University School of Medicine Dept. Anesthesiology and ICM Kidneys Stabilize the composition of the ECF (electrolyte,
More informationGeneral introduction of nephrology. Xiaoqiang Ding M.D., Ph.D. Department of nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
General introduction of nephrology Xiaoqiang Ding M.D., Ph.D. Department of nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Terminology Kidney,renal Nephrology Scope of nephrology Kidney diseases and
More informationUrinary System. BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College
Urinary System BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College Filter plasma, separate and eliminate wastes Functions Regulate blood volume and pressure Regulate osmolarity of body
More informationBiomarkers of renal diseases. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik
By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Introduction Renal system performs several functions Excretory Waste products like urea, creatinine, drug, toxins clearance Regulatory Water, electrolyte and acid base balance
More informationGlomerular diseases mostly presenting with Nephritic syndrome
Glomerular diseases mostly presenting with Nephritic syndrome 1 The Nephritic Syndrome Pathogenesis: proliferation of the cells in glomeruli & leukocytic infiltrate Injured capillary walls escape of RBCs
More informationRenal. Pathology. Kris%ne Kra*s, M.D.
Renal Pathology Kris%ne Kra*s, M.D. Renal Pathology Outline Introductory stuff Glomerular diseases Tubular and inters%%al diseases Diseases involving blood vessels Cys%c diseases Tumors Renal Pathology
More informationA. Correct! Flushing acids from the system will assist in re-establishing the acid-base equilibrium in the blood.
OAT Biology - Problem Drill 16: The Urinary System Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following would solve a drop in blood ph? Question #01 (A) Decreased retention of acids. (B) Increased excretion
More informationGeneral Anatomy of Urinary System
General Anatomy of Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Control blood volume and composition KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Filter blood plasma, eliminate
More informationThe Urinary System. BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues. Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 16 The Urinary System Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii
More informationChapter 26 The Urinary System
Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most
More informationUrinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17
Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base
More informationUrinary System. Analyze the Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system
Urinary System Analyze the Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system Kidney Bean-shaped Located between peritoneum and the back muscles (retroperitoneal) Renal pelvis funnelshaped structure at the beginning
More informationUrinary System. Dr. Thorson
Urinary System Dr. Thorson Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to Define and spell the terms to learn for this chapter. Describe the purpose and function of the urinary
More informationUrinary System Multiple Choice Practice Test. c. Kidneys have three protective layers d. The adrenal gland is located deep within the kidney
Urinary System Multiple Choice Practice Test 1. Which of the following is a function of the urinary system? a. Regulates water b. Regulates balance of acids, bases, and electrolytes c. Filters waste from
More informationCYSTIC DISEASES of THE KIDNEY. Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin
CYSTIC DISEASES of THE KIDNEY Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin 1 Types of cysts 1-Simple Cysts 2-Dialysis-associated acquired cysts 3-Autosomal Dominant (Adult) Polycystic Kidney Disease 4-Autosomal Recessive (Childhood)
More informationNOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System)
NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System) HOMEOSTASIS **Recall HOMEOSTASIS is the steady-state physiological condition of the body. It includes: 1) Thermoregulation:
More informationRenal Physiology - Lectures
Renal Physiology 2011 Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard, PhD lharris@lsuhsc.edu Renal Physiology - Lectures Physiology of Body Fluids 2. Structure & Function of the Kidneys 3. Renal Clearance & Glomerular Filtration
More informationApril 08, biology 2201 ch 11.3 excretion.notebook. Biology The Excretory System. Apr 13 9:14 PM EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
Biology 2201 11.3 The Excretory System EXCRETORY SYSTEM 1 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates heat, water, salt, acid base concentrations and metabolite concentrations
More informationURINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys II. Nephron Unit and Urine Formation
URINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys A. Location and Structure 1. Retroperitoneal 2. Between T12 and L3 3. Rt. kidney slightly lower 4. Two bean shaped organs 5. Adrenal gland 6. Internal construction a. Renal cortex
More informationElevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach
Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach Primary Care Update Creighton University School of Medicine. April 27 th, 2018 Disclosure Slide I have no disclosures and have no conflicts with this presentation.
More informationKD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin
Renal Physiology MCQ KD01 [Mar96] [Apr01] Renal blood flow is dependent on: A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus B. [Na+] at macula densa C. Afferent vasodilatation D. Arterial pressure (poorly worded/recalled
More informationChapter 14 The Urinary System. Anatomy
Chapter 14 The Urinary System Anatomy 14.1 Overview Role in removal of wastes to maintain homeostasis Acts as filtering system of the blood Produces urine Removes wastes, maintains ph, electrolyte composition,
More informationA&P of the Urinary System
A&P of the Urinary System Week 44 1 Objectives Identify the organs of the urinary system, from a Identify the parts of the nephron (the functional unit List the characteristics of a normal urine specimen.
More informationEXCRETION IN HUMANS 31 JULY 2013
EXCRETION IN HUMANS 31 JULY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Discuss organs of excretion Look at the structure of the urinary system Look at the structure and functioning of the kidney Discuss
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Danil Hammoudi.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood
More informationUrinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Urinary System 1 Urinary System consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra 2 Location of Kidneys The kidneys which are positioned retroperitoneally lie on either side of the vertebral
More informationRENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY
RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY Peter McCue, M.D. Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology Sidney Kimmel Medical College There are no conflicts of interest. 1 Goals and Objectives! Goals Provide introduction
More informationNephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 1 of 18 Nephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome Terminology: Glomerulus: A network of blood capillaries contained within the cuplike end (Bowman s capsule) of a nephron. Glomerular filtration rate: The rate
More informationDr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012
Dr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012 Introduction Haematuria Positive blood on urine dipstick 5 red blood cells/ microliter of urine Prevalence Gross haematuria ( macroscopic) 0.13 % Microscopic- 1.5% Haematuria +
More informationEmergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Program Outlines Outline Topic: Urology Revised: 11/2013
Emergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Program Outlines Outline Topic: Urology Revised: 11/2013 10 questions on this outline on Exam 7 Urinary System performs: Maintains
More informationNephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S
Nephron Function and Urine Formation Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S The Role of the Nephron In order for the body to properly function and maintain homeostasis, the amount of dissolved substances
More informationRenal Functions: Renal Functions: Renal Function: Produce Urine
Renal Functions: Excrete metabolic waste products Reabsorb vital nutrients Regulate osmolarity: Maintain ion balance Regulate extracellular fluid volume (and thus blood pressure) Renal Functions: Regulate
More informationGlomerular pathology-2 Nephritic syndrome. Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin
Glomerular pathology-2 Nephritic syndrome Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin 1 The Nephritic Syndrome Pathogenesis: inflammation proliferation of the cells in glomeruli & leukocytic infiltrate Injured capillary walls
More informationIntroduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology
Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology I. David Weiner, M.D. C. Craig and Audrae Tisher Chair in Nephrology Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida College
More informationFunctional Renal Physiology and Urine Production
Functional Renal Physiology and Urine Production Urinalysis can provide insight into hydration status, renal function or dysfunction, systemic disease, and toxic insults. Accurate interpretation of urinalysis
More informationRenal System and Excretion
Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function
More informationRNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015
RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 1. In which abdominal cavity do the kidneys lie? a) Peritoneum. b) Anteperitoneal. c) Retroperitoneal. d) Parietal peritoneal 2. What is the
More informationThe Urinary System. Medical Assisting Third Edition. Booth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh, Thompson The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
The Urinary System PowerPoint presentation to accompany: Medical Assisting Third Edition Booth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh, Thompson 30-2 Learning Outcomes 30.1 Describe the structure, location, and functions
More informationMr PA. Clinical assessment of hydration. Poor urine output Sunken eyes Moistness of mucosa Cool peripheries Reduction in weight Postural hypotension
X Anthony Warrens Mr PA 54 years old Previously well Went to Thailand Developed serious diarrhoea and vomiting two days before coming home 24 hours after return, still unwell GP found: urea 24 mmol/l creatinine
More informationChapter 12. Excretion and the Interaction of Systems
Chapter 12 Excretion and the Interaction of Systems 1 2 Goals for This Chapter 1. Identify the main structures and functions of the human excretory system 2. Explain the function of the nephron 3. Describe
More informationDr. Rai Muhammad Asghar Head of Paediatric Department BBH Rawalpindi
Dr. Rai Muhammad Asghar Head of Paediatric Department BBH Rawalpindi Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Sudden onset of Gross hematuria Edema Hypertension Renal insufficiency Cause of AGN Post
More informationAcute Kidney Injury. I. David Weiner, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation University of Florida and NF/SGVHS
Acute Kidney Injury I. David Weiner, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation University of Florida and NF/SGVHS 374-6102 David.Weiner@medicine.ufl.edu www.renallectures.com Concentration
More informationOutline Urinary System
Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation
More informationCCRN Review - Renal. CCRN Review - Renal 10/16/2014. CCRN Review Renal. Sodium Critical Value < 120 meq/l > 160 meq/l
CCRN Review Renal Leanna R. Miller, RN, MN, CCRN-CMC, PCCN-CSC, CEN, CNRN, CMSRN, NP Education Specialist LRM Consulting Nashville, TN Sodium 136-145 Critical Value < 120 meq/l > 160 meq/l Sodium Etiology
More informationChronic Kidney Disease - An Overview
REVIEW ARTICLE KERALA MEDICAL JOURNAL Chronic Kidney Disease - An Overview Rajesh R Nair Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala* ABSTRACT Published on 28 th December
More informationRenal Disease Survey Bracco Italiano Club of America Heath Committee, November 2012
Renal Disease Survey Bracco Italiano Club of America Heath Committee, November 2012 Kidney disease is currently one of the most pressing health issues for the Bracco Italiano breed, as the etiology is
More informationBladder Schistosomes. Normally, urine is sterile. Presence of blood may indicate an infection.
Bladder Schistosomes Normally, urine is sterile. Presence of blood may indicate an infection. 17.1 Introduction -Cells produce waste that can become toxic if they accumulate Functions the urinary system
More information(Calcium and Phosphorus are a part of the CKD objectives)
Course Objectives Electrolytes and Water: 1. Differentiate the effects of changes in sodium content from changes in water content 2. Describe how the body compensates for volume loss and volume overload
More informationOverview of glomerular diseases
Overview of glomerular diseases *Endothelial cells are fenestrated each fenestra: 70-100nm in diameter Contractile, capable of proliferation, makes ECM & releases mediators *Glomerular basement membrane
More informationDISEASES AFFECTING TUBULES AND INTERSTITIUM
DISEASES AFFECTING TUBULES AND INTERSTITIUM Acute tubular injury (ATI) Pyelonephritis Drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) Myeloma cast NP Renal stones Urinary outflow obstruction: hydronephrosis
More information19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY ROLE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM THE URINARY SYSTEM. Components and function. V BS 122 Physiology II 151 Class of 2011
19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY THE URINARY SYSTEM Components and function The urinary system is composed of two kidneys, the functionally filtering apparatus, which connect through two tubular structures called
More information