Managing the Symptoms of Stroke

Transcription

1 Unit 26: Recgnising and Managing the Symptms f Strke Unit reference number: F/616/7312 Level: 2 Unit type: Optinal Credit value: 3 Guided learning hurs: 28 Unit summary A strke can be a life-threatening cnditin and it affects thusands f individuals every year. Its impact can be life changing fr the individual and their family. It is essential that care wrkers are aware f hw t recgnise a strke and understand the need fr emergency respnses. A strke can strike at any age, even in childhd. There is much research taking place int the risk factrs, preventin and treatment f strke and this infrms the wrk and plicies f care rganisatins. In this unit, yu will learn what a strke is and hw t recgnise when a strke is happening. Yu will gain an understanding f the risk factrs assciated with strke and hw they are managed. Frm this, yu will learn hw imprtant an emergency respnse, treatment and management is t the utcme fr the individual wh has suffered a strke Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited

2 Learning utcmes and assessment criteria T pass this unit, the learner needs t demnstrate that they can meet all the learning utcmes fr the unit. The assessment criteria utline the requirements the learner is expected t meet t achieve the unit. Learning utcmes Assessment criteria 1 Understand the causes f a strke 1.1 Identify the changes in the brain assciated with strke 1.2 Outline ther cnditins that may be mistaken fr strke 1.3 Define the differences between strke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) 2 Understand hw t recgnise a strke in an individual 3 Understand hw t manage risk factrs fr strke 4 Understand the imprtance f emergency respnse and treatment fr strke 5 Understand the management f strke 2.1 Describe the signs and symptms f strke 2.2 Describe the key stages f strke 3.1 State the prevalence f strke in the UK 3.2 Identify the cmmn risk factrs fr strke 3.3 Define the steps that can be taken t reduce the risk f strke 4.1 Outline why strke is a medical emergency 4.2 Describe the immediate actins t be taken in respnse t an emergency strke incident in line with agreed ways f wrking 4.3 Identify the impact n the individual f the key stages f strke 4.4 Identify the infrmatin that needs t be included in reprting relevant and accurate histry f the incident 5.1 Describe why effective strke care is imprtant t the management f strke 5.2 Describe the ptential changes that an individual may experience as a result f strke 5.3 Identify supprt available t individuals and thers affected by strke Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited 2018

3 Cntent What needs t be learned Learning utcme 1: Understand the causes f a strke Changes in the brain Supply f bld is restricted r stpped, brain cells begin t die. This can lead t: brain injury disability death. Main causes f strkes: ischaemic haemrrhagic. Cnditins mistaken as strke Migraine headaches accmpanied with any f the fllwing symptms, e.g. temprary facial paralysis, vertig, blurry visin, weakness r numbness in limbs. Dizziness. Bell s palsy: facial weakness, trigeminal neuralgia. Hypglycaemia. Hemiparesis. Speech prblems. Visin disturbances. Multiple sclersis. Epilepsy. Differences between strke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) Length f time f symptms. Temprary clt with bld flw returning t nrmal n its wn (TIA). Strke-like symptms but des nt damage brain cells r cause permanent disability (TIA). The risk factrs f bth are the same Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited

4 What needs t be learned Learning utcme 2: Understand hw t recgnise a strke in an individual Signs and symptms f strke Sudden nset. Cmplete paralysis f ne side f the bdy. Sudden lss r blurring f visin. Slurred speech. Dizziness. Cnfusin. Pr balance and c-rdinatin. Dysphagia (difficulty swallwing). Sudden and very severe headache. Lss f cnsciusness. Key stages f strke Face, Arms, Speech and Time (FAST): Face the face may have drpped n ne side, the persn may nt be able t smile, r their muth r eye may have drped Arms the persn with suspected strke may nt be able t lift bth arms and keep them there because f weakness r numbness in ne arm Speech their speech may be slurred r garbled, r the persn may nt be able t talk at all despite appearing t be awake Time it's time t dial 999 immediately if any f these signs r symptms are nticed. Learning utcme 3: Understand hw t manage risk factrs fr strke The prevalence f strke in the UK Strke statistics (Strke Assciatin, UK). The cmmn risk factrs fr strke Age. Ethnicity. Genetics. High bld pressure. Diabetes. Atrial fibrillatin. Sickle cell disease. Lifestyle: diet high chlesterl lack f exercise smking Obesity. alchl abuse illegal drug use Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited 2018

5 What needs t be learned Reduce the risk f strke and subsequent strke Mderate exercise. Balanced diet. Reduce alchl intake. Avid smking. D nt use illegal drugs. Manage underlying medical cnditins. Lse weight if verweight. Take prescribed medicatin. Regular health check-ups. Learning utcme 4: Understand the imprtance f emergency respnse and treatment fr strke Medical emergency A matter f life and death. Lack f xygen t brain tissues. Time is vital immediate specialist medical supprt. Actins FAST. Check that the individual is in a safe psitin. D nt give fd/drink while waiting fr help. Check airway is pen and clear recvery psitin. Call 999 check yur plicies and prcedures. Impact f key stages Sudden nset. Blckage r bleed in brain. Emergency treatment. Hspital admissin and tests. Transfer t specialist strke unit. Treatment. Recvery reductin in swelling t brain. Rehabilitatin. Preventin frm further strkes. Reprting Initial symptms. Time f incident. Help received. Wh was cntacted. Any ther medical infrmatin Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited

6 What needs t be learned Learning utcme 5: Understand the management f strke Ptential changes Paralysis dwn ne side f bdy. Mbility difficulties. Prblems with swallwing. Prblems with visin. Incntinence. Fatigue. Cmmunicatin difficulties. Prblems with memry and cncentratin. Changes t emtins depressin, anxiety. Changes t behaviur. Changes t persnality. Effective strke care and the management f strke Psychlgical and emtinal wellbeing. Imprved recvery. Active participatin. Quality f life. Needs met. Supprt available t individuals and thers affected by strke Strke rganisatins. Strke supprt grups. NHS. Charities Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited 2018

7 Infrmatin fr tutrs Suggested resurces Bks Barnett HJM and Spence D Strke Preventin, Treatment and Rehabilitatin (McGraw-Hill, 2012) ISBN Sassn R Understanding Strke (Bk Guild Ltd, 2013) ISBN Websites A charity prviding advice and supprt fr yunger strke survivrs. NHS chices website Health A t Z strke causes, preventin, signs and symptms. Strke Assciatin useful infrmatin with up-t-date statistics abut strke in the UK Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited

8 Assessment This guidance shuld be read in cnjunctin with the assciated qualificatin specificatin fr this unit. This unit is internally assessed. T pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents fr assessment must demnstrate that they have met the required standard specified in the learning utcmes and assessment criteria, and the requirements f the assessment strategy. T ensure that the assessment tasks and activities enable learners t prduce valid, sufficient, authentic and apprpriate evidence that meets the assessment criteria, centres shuld fllw the guidance given in Sectin 8 Assessment f the assciated qualificatin specificatin and meet the requirements frm the assessment strategy given belw. Wherever pssible, centres shuld adpt an hlistic apprach t assessing the units in the qualificatin. This gives the assessment prcess greater rigur and minimises repetitin, time and the burden f assessment n all parties invlved in the prcess. Unit assessment requirements This unit must be assessed in accrdance with the assessment strategy (principles) in Annexe A f the assciated qualificatin specificatin. Assessment f all learning utcmes (knwledge) may take place in r utside f a real wrk envirnment Pearsn BTEC Level 2 Diplma in Care (England) Unit Issue 1 January 2018 Pearsn Educatin Limited 2018