E. coli peritonitis. Bernie Beckman, DVM Hy-Line International. Genetic Excellence. Genetic Excellence. Hy-Line International

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1 E. coli peritonitis Bernie Beckman, DVM Hy-Line International Hy-Line International Genetic Excellence

2 E. coli peritonitis

3 Lesions Fibrin around the ova thin, yellow strings of fibrin that are very small and difficult to see Easy to see (pus) fibrin every place in the abdomen, perihepatitis, pericardis, etc. Hy-Line International

4 Escherichia coli (E. coli) Disease and Prevention Hy-Line International

5 E. coli story The organism - Escherichia coli The disease - clinical forms The response - treatment and prevention

6 The Organism - E. coli Gram-negative, rodshaped bacteria Most strains are nonpathogenic Pathogenic strains cause clinical disease and death

7 E. coli antigen typing Pilus (F-antigen) Capsular (K-antigens) Somatic (O-antigen) -i.e., O1, O2, O78 Flagellar (H-antigens)

8 The Organism - APEC and Pathotyping APEC stands for Avian Pathogenic E. coli Pathotyping is the testing done to determine how many virulent genes a single E. coli contains Dr. Lisa Nolan considers an E. coli organism APEC when >3 of 9 virulent genes are present using PCR

9 Pathotyping (AFEC vs. APEC) AFEC Avian Fecal E. coli Normal inhabitants of the intestine Live in harmony with other intestinal floral Commensal APEC Avian Pathogenic E. coli Less adapted to live and survive in the intestine? Adapted to grow outside the intestinal tract Disease-causing

10 APEC features based on pathotyping What makes some E. coli virulent? Virulence factors contribute to APEC s extraintestinal lifestyle Serum survival (iss) Adhesins Iron acquisition Slide courtesy of Lisa Nolan

11 Summary of Serotyping Results 157 isolates tested - 49 untypable isolates (~30%) = 108 typable isolates 29 different serotypes 13 serotypes were isolated only once Tremendous diversity of serotypes

12 E. coli peritonitis two predominant ages affected peaking late-lay

13 The Disease Long-Lived Birds 95% of the time the cause is respiratory for birds weeks old Stress of production, high levels of hormones for production and still a developing bird E. coli peritonitis 4% of the cases are contaminated water; same lesions Test the water and, if high levels of E. coli, treat water with bleach (6-10 ppm chlorine) and the problem goes away

14 E. coli peritonitis - predisposing factors Peaking period respiratory origin Generally occurs in multi-age complexes Post-housing exposure to mycoplasma (MG or MS) Post-housing exposure to endemic bronchitis Poor air conditions elevated dust and ammonia levels Sometimes none just a very virulent E. coli?

15 E. coli peritonitis - predisposing factors Late lay period vent origin Generally associated with vent trauma Sub-lethal vent cannibalism Sub-lethal partial prolapse Excessively large egg size Excessive vent fat pad Small framed birds Excessive light intensity

16 The Response Each farm will generate a pattern for when E. coli starts, plan the lay treatment (vaccination or antibiotics) to this time period Important part of treatment is early diagnosis and action

17 The Response Post birds every other day to know when 50% of the mortality is peritonitis Daily deads 3, 3, 5, 3, 7 (post birds) if peritonitis, do something, don t wait

18 The Response Industry Treatment Practices Prevent growth of E. coli in drinking water Organic acids Chlorine Peroxide Disinfectant spraying of lay houses to kill air borne E. coli Virkon S Oxine Temperature and dust control; keep good air quality

19 E. coli peritonitis questionably effective treatments Antibiotics May be useful in peaking period if started early Generally not helpful with later type Aureomycin, Neo-Terra, Tylan Probiotics Organic acids/formaldehyde in feed

20 E. coli peritonitis more effective treatment/prevention Better control of primary factors Improving air quality regarding dust and ammonia Don t blow down dust

21 E. coli peritonitis Vaccination Options Autogenous E. coli bacterins Only protects against homologous types Injection stressful and reactive in tissue Difficult to deal with regulations Fort Dodge (now Pfizer) Poulvac E. coli Live genetically modified E. coli Sprayed twice in growing, no reaction problem Well accepted in U.S.