Skeletal muscle metabolism was studied by measuring arterio-venous concentration differences
|
|
- William Fox
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supplemental Data Dual stable-isotope experiment Skeletal muscle metabolism was studied by measuring arterio-venous concentration differences across the forearm, adjusted for forearm blood flow (FBF) (1). After collection of an arterialized and deep venous (contralateral arm) blood sample for background enrichment at t-90 (90min before meal ingestion), a continuous intravenous infusion (0.035 µmol min -1 per kg body weight) of the stable isotope tracer [ 2 H 2 ] -palmitate complexed to albumin (97% enrichment: Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA, USA) was started using a calibrated infusion pump (IVAC560 pump; IVAC corporation, San Diego, CA USA). Fasting blood sampling was started after 1h of tracer infusion to allow for isotopic equilibration to occur. Arterialized and deep venous blood samples were collected simultaneously at three baseline time points (t-30, t-15 and t0) and at several time points (t30, t60, t90, t120, t180 and t240) after consumption (<5 min) of a standardized liquid high-fat mixed-meal (t0) (2.6 MJ, consisting of 61E% fat (35.5E% SFA, 18.8E% MUFA and 1.7E% PUFA), 33E% carbohydrate and 6E% protein), containing 200 mg [ U- 13 C] -palmitate (98% enrichment; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories). Skeletal muscle biopsies ( mg) were taken from m. vastus lateralis under local anesthesia using the Bergström technique with suction during fasting conditions and at the end of the postprandial period (t240) to determine intramuscular TAG, DAG, FFA, and phospholipid (PL) content, their degree of saturation, as well as the fractional synthetic rates (FSR) of TAG, DAG, and PL (1), as described below. Skeletal muscle lipids Skeletal muscle biopsies were lyophilized and dissected free of extramyocellular lipid, blood, and connective tissue. Total lipids were extracted from 10-20mg muscle sample using chloroform-
2 methanol (2:1 vol/vol) and internal standards, and thereafter evaporated under nitrogen at 37 C. The extracted lipids were separated into FFA, DAG, TAG, and PL by thin-layer chromatography and transferred into tubes for methylation. The TAG and DAG fractions were methylated by adding 1 ml of toluene-methanol BF3-methanol (14%) (20%-55%-25% vol/vol), and were incubated in capped tubes for 30 min at 100 C. The PL fraction was methylated by adding 1 ml of BF3-methanol (14%) and incubation in capped tubes for 90min at 100 C. The FFA fraction was methylated by adding 1 ml of methanol BF3 methanol (14%) (50%-50% vol/vol) and incubation in capped tubes at room temperature for 15min. After incubation, 2ml pentane was added to the samples, vortexed, and centrifuged (1,000 g, 5min, 20 C), followed by isolation of pentane extracts (upper phase) and evaporation under nitrogen at 30 C. Finally, the residues were dissolved in iso-octane and concentrations of FAs in the fractions were determined using an analytical GC. Stable isotope enrichment of the lipid fractions was determined by measuring the 13 C-to- 12 C ratios on a gas chromatography continuous-flow isotope ratio-mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT-252). Tracer enrichment To determine tracer enrichment in plasma FFA and TAG, we extracted total lipids from the plasma using chloroform/methanol 2:1. The FFA and TAG fractions were separated by thin-layer chromatography and derivatized to their methyl esters for the analysis of plasma palmitate. Plasma fractions were analyzed for the 13 C/ 12 C ratio in a gas chromatography continuous-flow isotope ratio-mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT-252 GC-IRMS, Bremen, Germany) and for enrichment of [ 2 H 2 ] (Finnigan Incos-XL GC-MS, Bremen, Germany). The methyl ester of palmitate contains 17 carbon atoms and therefore, the tracer/tracee ratio of palmitate was corrected for the extra methyl group. Plasma palmitate concentrations (µmol min -1 ) were
3 analyzed on an analytical GC with ion flame detection using heptadecanoic acid as internal standard. Calculations The net flux of metabolites (labeled and unlabeled) across the forearm muscle was calculated by multiplying the arterio-venous concentration difference by forearm plasma flow (FPF). FPF was calculated by multiplying FBF with (1-hematocrite/100). A positive flux indicates net uptake across forearm muscle, whereas a negative flux indicates net release from the tissue. Fractional extraction of metabolites (in %) was calculated as the arteriovenous concentration difference divided by the arterial concentration (((A-V)/A)*100%). Fasting rate of appearance of FFA (Ra FFA ) (µmol kg -1 min -1 ) was calculated with Steele s equation for steady state, whereas Steele s single-pool non-steady state equations adapted for use with stable isotopes was used to calculate Ra FFA in the postprandial state (2). Labeled FFA and TAG concentrations were calculated as the product of tracer/tracee ratio (TTR) of [ 2 H 2 ] - and [ U- 13 C] -palmitate and the palmitate concentration in FFA and TAG, respectively. Total uptake of FA derived from lipoprotein lipase-mediated TAG hydrolysis was calculated as described previously, with the assumption of incomplete uptake of TAG-derived FA by forearm muscle (3). FSR of skeletal muscle TAG, DAG and PL were calculated by using skeletal muscle FFA as the precursor pool for lipid synthesis (4). The increase in TTR of [ U- 13 C] from fasting to 4h postprandial was divided by the average enrichment of skeletal muscle FFA from fasting and 4h postprandial, and is expressed as percentage per hour (%/h). The degree of saturation of skeletal muscle TAG, DAG, PL and FFA (%) was calculated by dividing the sum of saturated FA by the total amount of FA in a fraction. 9-desaturase activity was estimated as the proportion palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7) to palmitic acid (C16:0), and as the proportion oleic acid (C18:1n-9) to stearic acid (C18:0). Total skeletal muscle TAG, DAG, PL and FFA contents were estimated as
4 the sum of the particular FA content of the assessed fraction. For comparison of postprandial responses, the area under the curve (AUC) or incremental AUC (iauc) was calculated for early (0-2h), mid (2-4h) and total (0-4h) postprandial phase. References 1. van Hees AM, Jans A, Hul GB, Roche HM, Saris WH, Blaak EE 2011 Skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in insulin resistant men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19: Wolfe R 1992 Radioactive and Stable Isotope Tracers in Biomedicine: Principles and Practice of Kinetic Analysis. Wiley Liss: New York, NY 3. Bickerton AS, Roberts R, Fielding BA, Hodson L, Blaak EE, Wagenmakers AJ, Gilbert M, Karpe F, Frayn KN 2007 Preferential uptake of dietary Fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscle in the postprandial period. Diabetes 56: Guo Z, Jensen MD 1998 Intramuscular fatty acid metabolism evaluated with stable isotopic tracers. J Appl Physiol 84:
5 Supplemental Table 1 Fasting and postprandial metabolism before and after 26-wks treatment Forearm blood flow Fasting (ml 100ml -1 min -1 ) Postprandial (0-4h) Net flux across forearm muscle Glucose Fasting (µmol 100ml -1 min -1 ) Glycerol FFA [ 2 H 2 ]-palmitate FFA TAG [ 2 H 2 ]-palmitate TAG [U- 13 C]-palmitate TAG Placebo (n=12) Valsartan (n=14) P-value # Baseline 26 wks Baseline 26 wks 2.5± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.36 NA 1.22± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.50 NA 0.33± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±20.5* 3.7± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.47 NA 0.11± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.57 NA 0.28± ±0.25 *P<0.05 between placebo and valsartan at baseline. FFA, free fatty acids; TAG, triacylglycerol; NA, not applicable. # Valsartan (VAL) vs. placebo (PLB) using repeated-measures ANOVA with gender and glucose status as covariates (with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis). Values are mean ± SEM. Postprandial data are indicated as AUC/min. A positive flux indicates net uptake across forearm muscle, whereas a negative flux indicates net release
6 Supplemental Table 2 Skeletal muscle lipid content and composition under fasting conditions and fractional synthetic rate after a high-fat mixed-meal before and after 26-wks treatment TAG Total (μmol/g dry weight) Saturation (%) MUFA (%) PUFA (%) FSR (%/h) DAG Total (μmol/g dry weight) Saturation (%) MUFA (%) PUFA (%) FSR (%/h) PL Total (μmol/g dry weight) Saturation (%) MUFA (%) PUFA (%) FSR (%/h) FFA Total (μmol/g dry weight) Saturation (%) MUFA (%) PUFA (%) Placebo (n=12) Valsartan (n=14) P-value # Baseline 26 wks Baseline 26 wks 332.5± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±2.7 TAG, triacylglycerol; DAG, diacylglycerol; PL, phospholipids; FFA, free fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acids; FSR, fractional synthetic rate. # Valsartan (VAL) vs. placebo (PLB) using repeated-measures ANOVA with gender and glucose status as covariates (with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis). Values are mean ± SEM
7 Figure legends Supplemental Figure 1: Arterialized plasma (A) glucose, (B) insulin, (C) FFA and (D) TAG concentrations under fasting conditions (t0) and after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal before and after 26-wks treatment with valsartan (VAL) or placebo (PLB). PLB baseline: black circles, solid line; VAL baseline: black squares, solid line; PLB intervention: open circles, dashed line; VAL intervention: open squares, dashed line. Values are mean ± SEM.
8 Supplemental Figure 1
The art of tracing dietary fat in humans. Leanne Hodson
The art of tracing dietary fat in humans Leanne Hodson Dietary fat Other lipoproteins: IDL, LDL, HDL Hodson and Fielding linical Lipidology (2010) Relationship between blood & dietary fatty acids Typically:
More informationThe Fate of [U- 13 C]Palmitate Extracted by Skeletal Muscle in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Control Subjects. The
The Fate of [U- 13 C]Palmitate Extracted by Skeletal Muscle in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Control Subjects Ellen E. Blaak and Anton J.M. Wagenmakers The current study investigated the fate of a
More informationLIPID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
LIPID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Lipid metabolism is concerned mainly with fatty acids cholesterol Source of fatty acids from dietary fat de novo
More informationLipid Analysis. Andréina Laffargue, IRD CRYMCEPT Montpellier workshop, October 17th Introduction to lipid structures
Lipid Analysis Andréina Laffargue, IRD CRYMCEPT Montpellier workshop, October 17th 2005 Introduction to lipid structures Fatty acids Acylglycerols Glycerophospholipids Sterols Strategies involved in lipid
More informationBlood fatty acids understanding the relevance of different tissue fractions and interpreting circulating concentrations.
Blood fatty acids understanding the relevance of different tissue fractions and interpreting circulating concentrations Leanne Hodson Fatty acid composition as a biomarker of intake Complements dietary
More informationDisturbances in fat metabolism, most notably
Original Article Preferential Uptake of Dietary Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and Muscle in the Postprandial Period Alex S.T. Bickerton, 1 Rachel Roberts, 1 Barbara A. Fielding, 1 Leanne Hodson, 1 Ellen
More informationASSUMPTIONS AND DETAILS OF CALCULATIONS FOR FATTY ACID KINETICS
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 ASSUMPTIONS AND DETAILS OF CALCULATIONS FOR FATTY ACID KINETICS Our hypothesis was that many sources of palmitate (NEFA, lipogenesis, diet) could contribute to newly-synthesized VLDL-TG
More informationChem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15
Chem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15 Principle: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long (usually > 14) carbon chains which can be saturated (no carbon-carbon double bonds) are unsaturated
More informationDietary fat, carbohydrates and inflammation. Ellen Blaak, PhD
Dietary fat, carbohydrates and inflammation Ellen Blaak, PhD of Human Biology NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre The Netherlands ILSI workshop,
More informationFatty Acid Mass Spectrometry Protocol Updated 10/11/2007 By Daren Stephens
Fatty Acid Mass Spectrometry Protocol Updated 10/11/2007 By Daren Stephens Synopsis: This protocol describes the standard method for extracting and quantifying free fatty acids found in cells and media
More informationNEW METHODS FOR ASSESSING SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION IN HORSES DURING EXERCISE
R. J. Geor 73 NEW METHODS FOR ASSESSING SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION IN HORSES DURING EXERCISE RAYMOND J. GEOR The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio There are two major goals in designing diets and feeding
More informationFATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA BY GC/MS - Code GC75010
FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA BY GC/MS - Code GC75010 BIOCHEMISTRY The term fatty acids (abbreviation FA, English Fatty Acids) are indicated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. They are, with few exceptions, long
More informationAutomated Sample Preparation for Profiling Fatty Acids in Blood and Plasma using the Agilent 7693 ALS
Automated Sample Preparation for Profiling Fatty Acids in Blood and Plasma using the Agilent 7693 ALS Application Note Clinical Research Authors Frank David and Bart Tienpont, Research Institute for Chromatography,
More informationElectronic supplementary information (ESI) Materials and Methods Lipid extraction 1 ml ammonium hydroxide was added to 5 ml breast milk, shaken at 65
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Food & Function. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic supplementary information (ESI) Materials and Methods Lipid extraction 1 ml ammonium
More informationFats & Fatty Acids. Answer part 2: 810 Cal 9 Cal/g = 90 g of fat (see above: each gram of fat provies 9 Cal)
Fats & Fatty Acids Function of Fats Store energy (typically stored in the form of triglyceride fat molecules, shown on next page) Burn for energy (energy content is 9 Cal/g) Fatty acids are components
More informationCHAPTER 28 LIPIDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
28 09/16/2013 17:44:40 Page 415 APTER 28 LIPIDS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. The lipids, which are dissimilar substances, are arbitrarily classified as a group on the basis of their solubility in fat solvents
More informationAlterations in skeletal muscle lipid metabolism
Impaired Oxidation of Plasma-Derived Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects During Moderate-Intensity Exercise Ellen E. Blaak, Dorien P.C. van Aggel-Leijssen, Anton J.M. Wagenmakers, Wim H.M. Saris, and
More informationGenetic Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk: Basis for Improvement of the Healthfulness of the U.S. Milk Supply
Animal Industry Report AS 654 ASL R2299 2008 Genetic Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk: Basis for Improvement of the Healthfulness of the U.S. Milk Supply Jon P. Schoonmaker Rafael A. Nafikov
More informationANSC/NUTR) 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Dietary fat and Cardiovascular Disease
ANSC/NUTR) 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Dietary fat and Cardiovascular Disease I. Investigations in humans relating dietary fat intake to serum cholesterol A. Ansel Keys: the Keys Formula Cholesterol
More informationFatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1
Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1 Mobilization of stored fats and oxidation of fatty acids Lippincott s Chapter 16 What is the first lecture about What is triacylglycerol Fatty acids structure
More informationMeasurement of precursor enrichment for calculating intramuscular triglyceride fractional synthetic rate
Measurement of precursor enrichment for calculating intramuscular triglyceride fractional synthetic rate Xiao-jun Zhang, 1, *, Noe A. Rodriguez, *, Lijian Wang, Demidmaa Tuvdendorj, Zhanpin Wu, *, Alai
More informationBIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12 General topic for week 6 Session 12 Lipids Useful Links: 1. Animations on Cholesterol (its synthesis, lifestyle factors, LDL) http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cholesterol/cholesterol.htm
More informationBiosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver. Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids Activation of hormone sensitive lipase This enzyme is activated when phosphorylated (3,5 cyclic AMPdependent
More informationAddress for correspondence: Barbara Fielding Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Churchill Hospital Oxford OX3 7LJ
Tracing the fate of dietary fatty acids: metabolic studies of postprandial lipaemia in humans Barbara Fielding, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
More informationpossible that TGFA derived from chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins of hepatic origin could be differentiated.
Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol. 41, No. 10, 1962 SITES OF INITIAL REMOVAL OF CHYLOMICRON TRIGLYCERIDE FATTY ACIDS FROM THE BLOOD * BY P. J. NESTEL,t R. J. HAVEL,4 AND A. BEZMAN (From the Cardiovascular
More informationCore E Analysis of Neutral Lipids from Human Plasma June 4, 2010 Thomas J. Leiker and Robert M. Barkley
Core E Analysis of Neutral Lipids from Human Plasma June 4, 2010 Thomas J. Leiker and Robert M. Barkley This protocol describes the extraction and direct measurement of cholesterol esters (CEs) and triacylglycerols
More informationThe Effect of Casein Ingestion within a Milk Matrix on Muscle Protein Synthesis
The Effect of Casein Ingestion within a Milk Matrix on Muscle Protein Synthesis Department of Human Movement Science s.reiners@student.maastrichtuniversity.nl Abstract Isolated micellar casein has been
More informationComposition and Structure of Oil and Fats and its Relationship to Health and Nutrition
Composition and Structure of Oil and Fats and its Relationship to Health and Nutrition SB Neoh* & K. Sundram** * Managing Director, Soon Soon Oilmills Sdn Bhd, Malaysia **Deputy CEO and Director, Science
More informationFactors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules
Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General structure and functional groups
More informationElevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Kinetics of Saturated, Monounsaturated, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans Robert H. Nelson, Manpreet S. Mundi, Danielle T. Vlazny, Almira Smailovic, Kalpana Muthusamy, Jaime P.
More informationReplacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins
Replacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins Muller H, Jordal O, et al. (998) Replacement of partially hydrogenated soybean
More informationAcute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino acid ingestion
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E76 E89, 2003. First published September 11, 2002; 10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2002. Acute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino
More informationDRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD
DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD Determination of the difference between actual and theoretical content of triacyglycerols with Equivalent Carbon Number (ECN) 42 in Olive oils TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 0 Foreword
More informationPlasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by. Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam
Biochemistry Department Plasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam 1 1. Recognize structures,types and role of lipoproteins in blood (Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL). 2. Explain
More informationIntroduction to the Study of Lipids
Introduction to the Study of Lipids Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General
More informationCHAPTER 28 LIPIDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
HAPTER 28 LIPIDS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. The lipids, which are dissimilar substances, are arbitrarily classified as a group on the basis of their solubility in fat solvents and their insolubility
More informationThe Role of LCPUFA in Obesity. M.Tom Clandinin. The Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition The University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
The Role of LCPUFA in Obesity by M.Tom Clandinin The Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition The University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada How big is the Conceptual Problem? Some assumptions: 150lb
More informationGeneral Biochemistry-1 BCH 202
General Biochemistry-1 BCH 202 1 I would like to acknowledge Dr. Farid Ataya for his valuable input & help in this course. 2 Outline Lipids Definition, function, fatty acids, classification: simple lipids:
More informationFAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology
FAT Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology OBJECTIVES LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define what is lipid/fat
More information1Why lipids cannot be transported in blood alone? 2How we transport Fatty acids and steroid hormones?
1Why lipids cannot be transported in blood alone? 2How we transport Fatty acids and steroid hormones? 3How are dietary lipids transported? 4How lipids synthesized in the liver are transported? 5 Lipoprotien
More informationOverview of the food science behind fatty acid technology
Overview of the food science behind fatty acid technology Pamela J. White, Ph.D. Food Chemist/Scientist Food Science and Human Nutrition Dept. & Center for Crops Utilization Research Iowa State University
More informationThe Journal of Physiology
J Physiol 593.18 (2015) pp 4245 4257 4245 Effect of hyperinsulinaemia hyperaminoacidaemia on leg muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: reassessment of the two-pool arterio-venous balance model Gordon
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
5 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 25 th 2013 Mohammad Abu Dosh Sheet 5.. Lipids ( Dr. Nafith ) : Classification of fatty acids : - they are classified depending on the existence of double bonds to : 1) Saturated
More informationFatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1
Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 1 Mobilization of stored fats and oxidation of fatty acids Lippincott s Chapter 16 What is the first lecture about What is triacylglycerol Fatty acids structure
More informationRapid measurement of plasma free fatty acid concentration and isotopic enrichment using LC/MS
Rapid measurement of plasma free fatty acid concentration and isotopic enrichment using LC/MS Xuan-Mai T. Persson, Agnieszka Urszula Błachnio-Zabielska, and Michael D. Jensen 1 Endocrine Research Unit,
More informationANSC/NUTR 601 GENERAL ANIMAL NUTRITION Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, VLDL metabolism, and obesity
ANSC/NUTR 601 GENERAL ANIMAL NUTRITION Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, VLDL metabolism, and obesity I. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase and obesity in rodents A. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is the 9 desaturase.
More informationQUESTION 1 Fats and oils vary in their degree of solubility in aqueous solutions. Give a reason for this observation.
QUESTIN 1 Fats and oils vary in their degree of solubility in aqueous solutions. Give a reason for this observation. QUESTIN Why are fatty acids such as palmitic acid, insoluble in water, while ethanoic
More informationEvaluation of Stable Isotope Labeling Technique in Measuring the Tissues Protein Fractional Synthesis Rates in Rats
Available online at www.annclinlabsci.org Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, vol. 45, no. 2, 2015 187 Evaluation of Stable Isotope Labeling Technique in Measuring the Tissues Protein Fractional Synthesis
More informationReduction in liver fat by dietary MUFA in type 2 diabetes is helped by enhanced hepatic fat oxidation
Diabetologia (16) 59:697 71 DOI 1.17/s15-16-411-5 SHORT COMMUNICATION Reduction in liver fat by dietary MUFA in type diabetes is helped by enhanced hepatic fat oxidation Lutgarda Bozzetto 1 & Giuseppina
More informationWhole body and skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism in healthy subjects
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280: E323 E333, 2001. Whole body and skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism in healthy subjects B. MITTENDORFER, 1 E. VOLPI, 2,4 AND R. R. WOLFE 1,3,4 Departments of 1 Surgery,
More informationLeen Alsahele. Razan Al-zoubi ... Faisal
25 Leen Alsahele Razan Al-zoubi... Faisal last time we started talking about regulation of fatty acid synthesis and degradation *regulation of fatty acid synthesis by: 1- regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase
More informationMCQS ON LIPIDS. Dr. RUCHIKA YADU
MCQS ON LIPIDS Dr. RUCHIKA YADU Q1. THE FATS AND OILS ARE RESPECTIVELY RICH IN a) Unsaturated fatty acids b) Saturated fatty acids c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids d) None of these Q2. ESSENTIAL
More informationSession 16/8 CHANGES IN INTENSITY OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF MILK FAT FATTY ACIDS DURING LACTATION IN GRAZING DAIRY COWS
Session 16/8 CHANGES IN INTENSITY OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF MILK FAT FATTY ACIDS DURING LACTATION IN GRAZING DAIRY COWS Kirchnerová, K., Foltys, V. and Špička, J. 1 1 2 Animal production research centre Nitra,
More informationFATTY ACID PROFILE OF VARIOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE DEPOTS IN BULLS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS
63th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP) Bratislava, Slovakia, 27-31 August 2012 Session 11: Breeding and management for meat, milk and product quality, poster number:
More informationINTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL
INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 33/Rev.1 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org
More informationRancidity Development in Macadamia Kernels As Determined by Head-space Hexanal Concentration. Aijun Yang and Cameron McConchie September 2009
Rancidity Development in Macadamia Kernels As Determined by Head-space Hexanal Concentration Aijun Yang and Cameron McConchie September 2009 Lipids in Macadamia Oil Macadamia nut high in oil (>72%) Macadamia
More informationDISTURBANCES IN FATTY acid (FFA) utilization play
0021-972X/01/$03.00/0 Vol. 86, No. 4 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2001 by The Endocrine Society Weight Reduction and the Impaired Plasma-Derived Free Fatty
More informationMATERNAL GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND PLACENTAL LIPIDS
Note: for non-commercial purposes only MATERNAL GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND PLACENTAL LIPIDS Olaf Uhl 2 1, 1 0, Log10(p-value) 0-0, -1-1, -2-2, LPC160 PC160-160 PC160-181 PC160-203 PC160-226 PC180-181
More informationAn explanation for the normal beneficial role of adipose tissue
ORIGINAL Endocrine ARTICLE Research Fasted to Fed Trafficking of Fatty Acids in Human Adipose Tissue Reveals a Novel Regulatory Step for Enhanced Fat Storage Toralph Ruge,* Leanne Hodson,* Jane Cheeseman,
More informationPrediction of polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the bovine muscle
Prediction of polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the bovine muscle Benoît-Pierre MOUROT 1,2, Dominique GRUFFAT 1, Denys DURAND 1, Dominique BAUCHART 1, Guillaume CHESNEAU 2, Guillaume MAIRESSE 2, André
More informationUGRC 145: FOOD AND NUTRITION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
UGRC 145: FOOD AND NUTRITION IN EVERYDAY LIFE Session 2 MACRONUTRIENTS Lecturer: PROF. MATILDA STEINER-ASIEDU, SBS, CBAS; University of Ghana, Email: tillysteiner@gmail.com College of Education School
More informationHuman skeletal muscle fatty acid and glycerol metabolism during rest, exercise and recovery
(2002), 543.3, pp. 1047 1058 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.023796 The Physiological Society 2002 www.jphysiol.org Human skeletal muscle fatty acid and glycerol metabolism during rest, exercise and recovery
More informationMAJOR FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL SEMI-SWEET BISCUIT. Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
BORNEO SCIENCE 31: SEPTEMBER 2012 MAJOR FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL SEMI-SWEET BISCUIT 1 Hasmadi Mamat, 1 Mansoor Abdul Hamid, & 2 Sandra E. Hill 1 Food Technology & Bioprocess Program, School
More informationK.Premavalli, A.V.Omprakash, S.Ezhilvalavan, M.Babu, R.P.Senthil kumar and A.Natarajan. Poultry Research Station TANUVAS Chennai
COMPARATIVE EGG YOLK FATTY ACID PROFILE OF ASEEL AND GUINEA FOWL K.Premavalli, A.V.Omprakash, S.Ezhilvalavan, M.Babu, R.P.Senthil kumar and A.Natarajan Poultry Research Station TANUVAS Chennai 600 051
More informationNutrition & Wellness for Life 2012 Chapter 6: Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source
Tools: Printer 8.5 x 11 paper Scissors Directions: 1. Print 2. Fold paper in half vertically 3. Cut along dashed lines Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Tissue in which the body
More informationThe four levels of protein structure are: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure.
Proteins Proteins are organic complex nitrogenous compounds of high molecular weight, formed of C, H, O and N. They are formed of a number of amino acids linked together by peptide linkage [-CO-NH-]. Proteins
More informationHydrolysis of Acylglycerols and Phospholipids of Milled Rice Surface Lipids During Storage 1
RICE QUALITY AND PROCESSING Hydrolysis of Acylglycerols and Phospholipids of Milled Rice Surface Lipids During Storage 1 H.S. Lam and A. Proctor ABSTRACT The relative contribution of acylglycerols and
More informationControl vs. HFD-lipid
Animals Control vs. T1D vs. T1D-leptin and Hyperinsulinemic-diabetic vs. hyperinsulinemic-diabetic-leptin STZ ± nicotinamide injection Leptin or saline 6 8 1 12 2 4 6 8 1 12 2 4 6 8 1 12 Control vs. HFD-lipid
More informationExperiment 12 Lipids. Structures of Common Fatty Acids Name Number of carbons
Experiment 12 Lipids Lipids are a class of biological molecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents. There are many different categories of lipids and each category has different
More information3-Thia Fatty Acids A New Generation of Functional Lipids?
Conference on Food Structure and Food Quality 3-Thia Fatty Acids A New Generation of Functional Lipids? Rolf K. Berge rolf.berge@med.uib.no Fatty acids- Essential cellular metabolites Concentrations must
More informationWidespread concern about the role of SFA in heart disease: Is it justified?
Widespread concern about the role of SFA in heart disease: Is it justified? 1. What is the association of SFA intake and LDL-C? 2. Is LDL-C the best biomarker? 3. If SFA is reduced, does it matter what
More informationAssociation of Genetic Variation to Healthfulness of Beef
Animal Industry Report AS 651 ASL R2009 2005 Association of Genetic Variation to Healthfulness of Beef Shu Zhang Iowa State University Travis Knight Iowa State University Jennifer Minick Kansas State University
More informationNCBA Ground Beef Diet/Health Study
NCBA Ground Beef Diet/Health Study Stephen B. Smith Department of Animal Science Rosemary L. Walzem Department of Poultry Science Texas A&M University Assumptions: Corn-fed beef is healthier than pasture-fed
More informationBiomolecules. Unit 3
Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions
More informationSoy Protein. Muscle health benefits: for Sports Nutrition Recovery and during aging. May 9, Mark Cope, PhD
Soy Protein Muscle health benefits: for Sports Nutrition Recovery and during aging May 9, 2017 Mark Cope, PhD Blending Proteins to Provide Better Muscle Health Importance of Muscle Health The Benefits
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
4 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 24 th 2013 Ahmad Moayd 1 Definition and general properties refer to slide no. 2 Lipids: macromolecules made from Alcohol and Fatty acid bonded by ester linkage. Amphipathic
More informationTaylor Yohe. Project Advisor: Dr. Martha A. Belury. Department of Human Nutrition at the Ohio State University
Atherosclerosis Development and the Inflammatory Response of Hepatocytes to Sesame Oil Supplementation Taylor Yohe Project Advisor: Dr. Martha A. Belury Department of Human Nutrition at the Ohio State
More informationBCM 221 LECTURES OJEMEKELE O.
BCM 221 LECTURES BY OJEMEKELE O. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION TO LIPID CHEMISTRY STORAGE OF ENERGY IN ADIPOCYTES MOBILIZATION OF ENERGY STORES IN ADIPOCYTES KETONE BODIES AND KETOSIS PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
More informationReview of Research into Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Deposits in Collection Systems. Casey R. Furlong, P.E. Environmental Specialist InSinkErator
Review of Research into Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Deposits in Collection Systems Casey R. Furlong, P.E. Environmental Specialist InSinkErator Background Large Contributor to Sanitary Sewer Overflows per
More informationLipids: Fats, Oils & Waxes: AP Biology
Lipids: Fats, Oils & Waxes: Lipids long term energy storage concentrated energy *9 Cal/gram Lipids: Triglycerides Lipids are composed of C, H, O u long hydrocarbon chains (H-C) Family groups u fats u phospholipids
More informationIncreasing Marbling Gene Expression in Beef Cattle with Dietary Lipids
beef marbling Increasing Marbling Gene Expression in Beef Cattle with Dietary Lipids Stephen B. Smith and Bradley J. Johnson Introduction Currently, feedlot producers tend to overfeed pens of cattle to
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationLIPIDS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
LIPIDS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Original slides. Important. 436 Notes 438 notes Extra information رابط التعديل: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wvdec1atp7j- ZKWOUSukSLsEcosjZ0AqV4z2VcH2TA0/edit?usp=sharing
More informationComparative Study of Fat (Total Cholestrol and Fatty acids) Profile in Farm cultivated and river water fishes communities of Labeo rohita
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2017 763 Comparative Study of Fat (Total Cholestrol and Fatty acids) Profile in Farm cultivated and river water fishes
More informationDETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN EDIBLE OILS BY CAPILARY GC
DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN EDIBLE OILS BY CAPILARY GC Vesna Kostik 1 University Goce Delcev Stip Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacy 1 WHY FATTY ACID (FA) ANALYSIS IN EDIBLE OILS The content
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 20 Done by Corrected by Rana Ghassan Doctor Only 4 questions in the mid-term exam are based on the 4 lectures to be given by Dr Faisal. Dr Faisal will give us 10 lectures, the first 4 are included
More informationThe impact of dairy products on cardiovascular health
The impact of dairy products on cardiovascular health D Vasilopoulou 2014 1 Overview CVD mortality in UK Does dairy consumption increase the risk of CVD? Dairy intake as part of healthy lifestyle RESET
More informationThe prevalence of obesity and diabetes in We s t e r n-
Increase in Fat Oxidation on a High-Fat Diet Is Accompanied by an Increase in Triglyceride-Derived Fatty Acid Oxidation Patrick Schrauwen, Anton J.M. Wagenmakers, Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wim
More informationDietary Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women
07/14/2010 Dietary Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women First Author: Wang Short Title: Dietary Fatty Acids and Hypertension Risk in Women Lu Wang, MD, PhD, 1 JoAnn E.
More information15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids. Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Lipids 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but
More informationMarine Lipid Biotechnology: Omega-3 Enriched Lipids by Use of Lipase
The 6 th BIPRSP Conference Tromsö, Norway, February 20-22, 2013 Marine Lipid Biotechnology: mega-3 Enriched Lipids by Use of Lipase Gudmundur G. Haraldsson Science Institute, University of Iceland utline
More informationValidation of deuterium-labeled fatty acids for the measurement of dietary fat oxidation during physical activity
Validation of deuterium-labeled fatty acids for the measurement of dietary fat oxidation during physical activity Aarthi Raman,* Stephane Blanc, Alexandra Adams, and Dale A. Schoeller 1, * Interdepartmental
More informationFree Fatty Acid Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
Product Manual Free Fatty Acid Assay Kit (Fluorometric) Catalog Number STA-619 100 assays FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY Not for use in diagnostic procedures Introduction Triglycerides (TAG) are a type of lipid
More informationSTRUCTURE AND METABOLISM Of LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS. R. Mohammadi Biochemist (Ph.D.) Faculty member of Medical Faculty
STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM Of LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS R. Mohammadi Biochemist (Ph.D.) Faculty member of Medical Faculty STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS DEFINTITION: Compounds Insoluble in water But
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Nutr Health Aging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 October 13.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Health Aging. 2002 ; 6(6): 358 362. ORAL AND INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED AMINO ACIDS PRODUCE SIMILAR EFFECTS ON MUSCLE PROTEIN
More informationLIPID METABOLISM
LIPID METABOLISM LIPOGENESIS LIPOGENESIS LIPOGENESIS FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS DE NOVO FFA in the blood come from :- (a) Dietary fat (b) Dietary carbohydrate/protein in excess of need FA TAG Site of synthesis:-
More informationI. Structure and Properties of Lipids
I. Structure and Properties of Lipids Lipids: A diverse group of compounds characterized by their low solubility in water and a high solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol. Nonpolar
More informationBIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules
BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules The Chemistry of Life : Learning Outcomes 2.4) Describe the significance of carbon in forming the basis of the four classes of biological
More informationImproving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Automated Sample Preparation Techniques
Improving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Automated Sample Preparation Techniques Rebecca Veeneman Agilent Technologies Pittcon 2011 March 16, 2011 1370-5 Outline Introduction Fatty acids
More informationTopic 3: Molecular Biology
Topic 3: Molecular Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates and Lipids Essen=al Understanding: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are used to supply and store energy. Carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES CHO sugars Primarily consist
More information