Role of vitamin D and folate towards the genetic potential in early life and adult phenotypes
|
|
- Barbra Farmer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Role of vitamin D and folate towards the genetic potential in early life and adult phenotypes Emeritus Professor Khor Geok Lin Universiti Putra Malaysia Jakarta 13 th November, 2016
2 The author declares no conflicts of interest with respect to this presentation
3 Outline of presentation The genetic potential in early life and adult phenotypes : Barker s Fetal Programming Hypothesis / Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DoHaD) Implications of vitamin D and folate in early life genetics and adult phenotypes : genetics and epigenetics Concluding remarks
4 It has been >25 years since epidemiologic studies showed a relationship between birth outcomes and subsequent risk of diseases in adulthood, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and the metabolic syndrome. What happens in the womb lasts a lifetime Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Barker DJ, Winter PD, Osmond C, Margetts B, Simmons SJ Lancet 1989; 2: Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Hales CN, Barker DJ, Clark PMS, et al. BMJ 1991;303:
5 What exactly is the fetal origins of disease hypothesis? Barker s Hypothesis states that susceptibility to coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and certain cancers in adulthood originates in utero as a response to fetal malnutrition.
6 Adverse intrauterine conditions lead to asymmetric growth restriction Low Birth Weight for Gestational Age Low Weight: Height Ratio (thinness) Lower arm circumference Small abdominal girth Disproportionate reduction of kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle mass
7 The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (Hales & Barker, 001;Gluckman & Hanson, 2004). Postnatal Postnatal In a postnatal environment in which nutrients are in short supply this metabolic thrift continues to be a survival trait, but if nutrients are present in excess the thrifty trait will promote the metabolic syndrome.
8 IRS Prevalence IRS percentage IRS percentage IRS percentage Early Life origins of disease: Evidence from wide range of international studies Birthweight Tertile and Prevalence of Insulin Resistance Syndrome Prevalence of Insulin Resistance Syndrome Birthweight tertile Valdez et al, Diabetologia 1992 Birth weight tertile Mexican American Non-hispanic American Birthweight Tertile, Adult BMI and Adult BMI and IRS Insulin Resistance Syndrome Birthweight Tertile Valdez at al, Diabetologia 1994 Birth weight tertile BMI Tertile BMI tertile (Valdez et al., Diabetologia 1994)
9 Prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in men by their birth weight (N=370) % Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Hales CN, et al. BMJ 1991;303: < 5.5 > 9.5 Birth weight ( lbs. )
10 Relative Risk Age-adjusted Relative Risk of Non- fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke 1.50 Mean ± 95% CL Birthweight 121,700 American Nurses, self report study BMJ 315:396,1997
11 What is the role of socioeconomic status in contributing to the associations observed in all of these studies? Do we have a confounder here?
12 Covariates of socioeconomic status smoking Income Sub-optimal nutrition Other factors obesity Physical inactivity Prenatal care Intrauterine growth restriction Adulthood chronic diseases
13 Crude and SES adjusted rate ratios for mortality from ischaemic heart disease by birth weight: Cohort from Uppsala, Sweden. Birth weight (kg) < >4.25 P value for trend Crude Adjusted * *adjusted for SES-related factors Leon DA, et al. BMJ 1998;317:241-5.
14 Older Hypothesis: Genetic Influences Fetal Insulin Hypothesis ( Thrifty genotype hypothesis ) States that genetically determined insulin resistance results in impaired insulin-mediated growth in the fetus, and ultimately glucose intolerance, diabetes, and hypertension in adult life. (Neel JV 1962 Am J Hum Genet 14:353-62)
15 Fetal Insulin Hypothesis ( Thrifty genotype hypothesis ) Maternal glucose concentrations Fetal genetically determined responses Glucose sensing by fetal pancreas Insulin secretion by fetal pancreas Insulin-mediated growth Infant s birth weight
16 Thrifty phenotype Intrauterine environment Figure 1 Two alternative explanations for small thin babies with insulin resistance Fetal genetics Poor intrauterine nutrition Small thin babies Insulin resistance Gene influencing insulin resistance Thrifty genotype Susceptibility To NIDDM and heart disease (Hattersley & Tooke, 1999)
17 Thrifty genotypes and thrifty phenotypes: implications of epigenetics
18 Waddington (1957) introduced epigenetics interpreted as changes in gene function that occur without changes in gene sequence. Epigenetics has been proposed as a potential mechanism for these programmed changes through environmentally induced changes in gene expression. Within tissues and organs that control metabolic homeostasis (eg, hypothalamus, adipose tissue, stomach, skeletal muscle, and heart), a range of phenotypes can be induced by sustained changes in maternal diet via modulation of genes that control DNA methylation and by histone acetylation. (Sebert et al., Am J Clin Nutr : Suppl 1953S-1958S
19 A series of epigenetic modifications transforms transcriptionally active regions of DNA (top) into inactive compact chromatin (bottom). DNA methylation, executed by methyltransferases, allows recruitment of methyl-binding domain proteins (MBD), which then recruit histone deacetylases & other chromatin modifying enzymes). Transcriptionally active chromatin is associated with acetylated histones, whereas inactive chromatin has methylated DNA and de-acetylated histones. Epigenetic modifications in gene silencing. (Cutfield et al., Pediatr Res 61: 68R 75R)
20 Three of epigenetic regulation. Three fundamental mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation DNA methylation Cytosine DNA methylation Conversion of cytosine bases to 5- methylcytosine is catalysed by DNA methyltransferases. Histone code RNA-based mechanisms 2010 by American Physiological Society Yan MSC et al. J Appl Physiol 2010;109:
21 The DNA and histone methyltransferases all use co-factor, S- adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. SAM is formed from methyl groups derived from folate metabolism Deficiency or sufficiency of methyl donors can have a permanent effect on gene expression via changes in epigenetic marks. SAM is a major source of substrate for post translational modifications (histones, DNA & RNA methylation
22 Folate metabolism Folic acid Methionine 1 carbon metabolism Tetrahydrofolate (THF) N5, 10 methylene THF S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) Homocysteine S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH)
23 Critical roles of folate in reproductive processes Within the cell, folate coenzymes are required for : biosynthesis of DNA-thymidylate (dtmp), which is a nucleotide that is essential in the early stages of DNA synthesis generation of methionine for both genomic (CpG) and nongenomic methylations purine synthesis and serine glycine interconversions Folate sufficiency is necessary for prevention of neural tube defects, the maintenance of active spermatogenesis, and several developmental and degenerative disorders, including cancers and vascular disease. (Lucock et al., 2014)
24 What about vitamin D is it implicated in early lifecycle and adult phenotypes?
25 (UV B nm) Vitamin D in food The pathway of vitamin D acting on the genome UV-B converts 7- dehydrocholesteol into previtamin D3 in the epidermis of the skin (calcitriol) Calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D3) enters cells and activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein to bind to DNA in the nucleus, acting as a regulator for hundreds of genes.
26 Is Vitamin D Inadequacy in Early Life an Instance of the Barker Hypothesis? Heaney RP. Nutrition Today :14-17 In a study of more than 44,000 adult patients with multiple sclerosis from Canada, the United Kingdom, Denmark, & Sweden, the highest risk of MS was observed in individuals born in May, and the lowest risk in individuals born in November. May births would have followed a winter-long, vitamin D deprived pregnancy, whereas November births would have followed a summer-long pregnancy with presumably higher vitamin D status values Figure shows the ratio of observed to expected cases for each of the 12 months of the year from the study
27 Researchers at the University of Oxford and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics have demonstrated that vitamin D has direct influence on over 200 genes, including many implicated in disease. They used a new DNA sequencing technology to map vitamin D receptor binding sites across the genome. The group found more than 2,700 genes to which Vitamin D can bind. But more importantly, they found more than 200 genes that were actively up- or down-regulated by the hormone, including genes linked to MS, Crohn s disease, type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (more commonly known as lupus), and colorectal cancer (Ramagopalan SV et al., Genome Res : ).
28 A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: Associations with disease and evolution Ramagopalan SV et al., Genome Res :
29 Vitamin D is not really a vitamin but the precursor to the potent steroid hormone, calcitriol, which regulates numerous cellular pathways widespread in the body (Feldman D et al., 2014 Nature Reviews Cancer 14: ) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
30 The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk progression Feldman et al., Nature Reviews Cancer : Calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D3 regulates numerous cellular pathways that could have a role in determining cancer risk and prognosis. Accumulating results from preclinical and some clinical studies strongly suggest that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing cancer Avoiding deficiency and adding vitamin D supplements might be an economical and safe way to reduce cancer incidence and improve cancer prognosis and outcome
31 The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk progression Feldman et al., Nature Reviews Cancer :
32 Concluding remarks
33 Potential consequences Potential of environment-epigenetic consequences of environment-epigenetic interactions for the health of the next and subsequent generations. Interactions for the health of the next and subsequent generations Parental lifestyle Maternal phenotypes Feast / famine Nutrient supplements Substance abuse alcohol, tobacco, drugs Therapeutic substances eg steroids (Mcmillen IC and JS Robinson. 2005) 2005 by American Physiological Society Altered epigenetic regulatory mechanisms Embryonic placental and fetal growth Organogenesis New regulatory set points for organ system function CVD Potential for transgenerational inheritance Interactions with postnatal environment Postnatal consequences T2 diabetes Obesity
34
35 World Health Organization 2016
36 WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience 2016
37 For pregnant women with documented vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplements may be given at the current recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 200 IU (5 μg) per day. According to the Cochrane review, there are 23 on going or unpublished studies on vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy (76). Evidence from these trials should help to clarify the current uncertainties regarding vitamin D effects, particularly the effect on preterm birth, and any other associated benefits or harms of vitamin D when combined with other vitamins and minerals, particularly calcium.
38 Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy De-Regil LM et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Jan 14; (1) CD doi: / CD pub3. The evidence on whether vitamin D supplementation should be given as a part of routine antenatal care to all women to improve maternal and infant outcomes remains unclear. While there is some indication that vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and increase length and head circumference at birth, further rigorous randomised trials are required to confirm these effects. However, when vitamin D and calcium are combined, the risk of preterm birth is increased. The clinical significance of the increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations is still unclear.
39 Can we optimise maternal health and nutrition to minimise epigenetic errors? THANK YOU
LONG TERM IMPACT OF MALNUTRITION IN PREGNANCY
LONG TERM IMPACT OF MALNUTRITION IN PREGNANCY Fetal origins of chronic disease Dr Sabby Kant GPSI Cardiology My Objectives This Evening is to. make you think of your lovely mum & your BW introduce you
More informationEarly Origins of Metabolic Disease and Aging
1 Early Origins of Metabolic Disease and Aging Janet C. King, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, Children s Hospital Oakland Research Institute And Professor Emeritus, UC Berkeley & Davis 2 The Maternal Nutrition-Offspring
More informationIndia is one of the diabetes capitals of the world and at the same time the capital
Yajnik Undernutrition and Overnutrition During Pregnancy in India: C. S. Yajnik, MD, FRCP India is one of the diabetes capitals of the world and at the same time the capital for low birth weight (LBW)
More informationHolistic Approach to Nutrition and Development
Southampton Global Health Research Institute Exploring commonalities in Global Health Research 2 Workshop 15 June 2016 Holistic Approach to Nutrition and Development Rihlat SAID-MOHAMED MRC/Wits Developmental
More informationDEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Goals
DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Goals Evolutionary paradox of obesity/diabetes Thrifty gene hypothesis Thrifty phenotype hypothesis Effects of small for gestational age (SGA)
More informationTiming and tempo of first year growth in relation to cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in early adulthood
Note: for non-commercial purposes only Timing and tempo of first year growth in relation to cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in early adulthood Anita Hokken-Koelega Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology
More informationEpigenetic processes are fundamental to development because they permit a
Early Life Nutrition and Epigenetic Markers Mark Hanson, PhD Epigenetic processes are fundamental to development because they permit a range of phenotypes to be formed from a genotype. Across many phyla
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO EPIGENETICS DR CHLOE WONG
AN INTRODUCTION TO EPIGENETICS DR CHLOE WONG MRC SGDP CENTRE, INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY KING S COLLEGE LONDON Oct 2015 Lecture Overview WHY WHAT EPIGENETICS IN PSYCHIARTY Technology-driven genomics research
More informationPrenatal alcohol exposure and metabolic disease in adulthood
8 th International Research Conference on Adolescents and Adults with FASD Prenatal alcohol exposure and metabolic disease in adulthood Prof Karen Moritz Director Child Health Research Centre University
More informationMetabolic Programming. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Metabolic Programming Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD nutritional stress/stimuli organogenesis of target tissues early period critical window consequence of stress/stimuli are
More informationEarly Diet = Lifelong Health for Generations
Early Diet = Lifelong Health for Generations Thank you to: The Late David JP Barker & Helsinki Epidemiology Group OHSU Pregnancy & Fetal Development Group Center for Developmental Health Knight Cardiovascular
More informationUndernutrition during conception and gestation: Increased risk for the next generation
Undernutrition during conception and gestation: Increased risk for the next generation Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke VU University Medical Center Amsterdam www.abcd-study.nl Genetic disorders One gene => one phenotype
More informationProf C.S. Yajnik MD,FRCP KEM HOSPITAL, PUNE, INDIA
Trans-generational impact of the double burden of malnutrition A case study from India Prof C.S. Yajnik MD,FRCP KEM HOSPITAL, PUNE, INDIA www.kemdiabetes.org Life can only be understood backwards - Soren
More informationEpigenetics 101. Kevin Sweet, MS, CGC Division of Human Genetics
Epigenetics 101 Kevin Sweet, MS, CGC Division of Human Genetics Learning Objectives 1. Evaluate the genetic code and the role epigenetic modification plays in common complex disease 2. Evaluate the effects
More informationOHSU Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness OHSU School of Medicine. Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition
OHSU Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness OHSU School of Medicine Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness There is no question that a nutritious,
More informationFeeding the Small for Gestational Age Infant. Feeding the Small for Gestational Age Infant
Feeding the Small for Gestational Age Infant Feeding the Small for Gestational Age Infant What s the right strategy? Infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA) are at higher risk for adult diseases.
More informationPROJECT Ntshembo: Improving adolescent health and interrupting mother-infant transfer of health risk in Africa. INDEPTH Network
PROJECT Ntshembo: Improving adolescent health and interrupting mother-infant transfer of health risk in Africa INDEPTH Network Overview Transitions across countries Transitions within countries - South
More informationI) Development: tissue differentiation and timing II) Whole Chromosome Regulation
Epigenesis: Gene Regulation Epigenesis : Gene Regulation I) Development: tissue differentiation and timing II) Whole Chromosome Regulation (X chromosome inactivation or Lyonization) III) Regulation during
More informationDevelopmental programming in maternal diabetes and obesity
Developmental programming in maternal diabetes and obesity Frans André Van Assche Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Corresponding
More informationDevelopmental Origins of Health and Disease
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Roles of Maternal Nutrition Matthew W. Gillman, MD, SM Harvard University Thanks to Faculty, Trainees, & Staff Obesity Prevention Program Department of Population
More informationEarly Nutrition: the opportunity for childhood obesity prevention
Early Nutrition: the opportunity for childhood obesity prevention Prof. Cristina Campoy Department of Paediatrics. University of Granada. Spain Member of the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition HIGH LEVEL GROUP
More informationAre you the way you are because of the
EPIGENETICS Are you the way you are because of the It s my fault!! Nurture Genes you inherited from your parents? Nature Experiences during your life? Similar DNA Asthma, Autism, TWINS Bipolar Disorders
More informationEsther Briganti. Fetal And Maternal Health Beyond the Womb: hot topics in endocrinology and pregnancy. Endocrinologist and Clinician Researcher
Fetal And Maternal Health Beyond the Womb: hot topics in endocrinology and pregnancy Esther Briganti Endocrinologist and Clinician Researcher Director, Melbourne Endocrine Associates Associate Professor,
More informationTransgenerational Effects of Diet: Implications for Cancer Prevention Overview and Conclusions
Transgenerational Effects of Diet: Implications for Cancer Prevention Overview and Conclusions John Milner, Ph.D. Director, USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville, MD 20705 john.milner@ars.usda.gov
More informationInstitute of Developmental Sciences and DOHaD Centre. Healthy Cardiovascular Ageing: the life course perspective Mark
Institute of Developmental Sciences and DOHaD Centre Healthy Cardiovascular Ageing: the life course perspective Mark Hanson @MarkHansonUoS 1 Unlike communicable diseases, globally everyone is at risk of
More informationPERINATAL AND CHILDHOOD ORIGINS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
PERINATAL AND CHILDHOOD ORIGINS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Rae-Chi Huang, M.B., B.S., D.C.H., FRACP and Lawrie Beilin, M.B.B.S., M.D., FRCP, FRACP, AO, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital,
More informationMaternal and child nutrition: effects on health and development throughout the life course. Christine P. Stewart, MPH, PhD September 2012
Maternal and child nutrition: effects on health and development throughout the life course Christine P. Stewart, MPH, PhD September 2012 Outline Nutrition and epidemiologic transition Nutrition in pregnancy
More informationPerinatal Programming Prenatal Determinants of Future Hypertension and CV Disease
Perinatal Programming Prenatal Determinants of Future Hypertension and CV Disease Julie R. Ingelfinger, M.D. Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School Senior Consultant in Pediatric Nephrology, MassGeneral
More informationFetal and Infant Growth and Glucose Tolerance in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Fetal and Infant Growth and Glucose Tolerance in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study A Study of and Born Between 1931 and 1939 David I.W. Phillips, Peter Goulden, Holly E. Syddall, Avan Aihie Sayer, Elaine
More informationThere is growing evidence of an increasingly
Heart 2000;84:219 226 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Fetal and infant markers of adult heart diseases Marjo-Riitta Järvelin Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland
More informationPerinatal maternal alcohol consumption and methylation of the dopamine receptor DRD4 in the offspring: The Triple B study
Perinatal maternal alcohol consumption and methylation of the dopamine receptor DRD4 in the offspring: The Triple B study Elizabeth Elliott for the Triple B Research Consortium NSW, Australia: Peter Fransquet,
More informationGene polymorphisms and Folate metabolism as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome child
Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life, health and development across the entire life span. From the earliest stages of fetal development, at birth, through infancy, childhood, adolescence and
More informationNutrition & Physical Activity Profile Worksheets
Nutrition & Physical Activity Profile Worksheets In these worksheets you will consider nutrition-related and physical activity-related health indicators for your community. If you cannot find local-level
More informationDevelopmental origins of type 2 diabetes in children. DCPNS April 16, 1010
Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes in children DCPNS April 16, 1010 Is there an early window of opportunity? Target pre-pregnancy to impact risk of type 2 diabetes for future generations of children
More informationThe omics approach in measuring the double burden of malnutrition
IAEA Headquarter, Vienna, Austria, 3-5 October 2017 Joint IAEA-WHO-UNICEF workshop on analysis of biological pathways to better understand the double burden of malnutrition and to inform action planning
More informationBIOLOGICAL D E T E R M I N AN T S O F H E AL T H ( )
BIOLOGICAL D E T E R M I N AN T S O F H E AL T H ( 3. 1. 5 ) BIOLOGICAL Body weight Blood pressure Birth weight Impaired glucose regulation Genetics Blood Cholesterol BODY WEIGHT The body weight of an
More informationPregnancies complicated by diabetes. Marina Mickleson Nurse Practitioner Midwife CDE
Pregnancies complicated by diabetes Marina Mickleson Nurse Practitioner Midwife CDE Two types Pre gestational Gestational diabetes Both types are on the increase Pre conception work up is imperative for
More informationAbbreviated Class Review: Prenatal Vitamins. Month/Year of Review: November 2014 End date of literature search: September 2014 PDL Class: None
Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program Oregon State University, 500 Summer Street NE, E35, Salem, Oregon 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 Fax 503-947-1119
More informationMATERNAL FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION AND SGA
BORN TOO SMALL : 32 MILLION BABIES ARE BORN SMALL-FOR-GESTATIONAL AGE IN LMIC EFFECT OF MATERNAL MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION ON BIRTH OUTCOMES Parul Christian, SPO-Women s Nutrition Nutrition
More informationMETABOLIC SYNDROME IN REPRODUCTIVE FEMALES
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN REPRODUCTIVE FEMALES John J. Orris, D.O., M.B.A Division Head, Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Main Line Health System Associate Professor, Drexel University College of
More informationRisk Factors for Heart Disease
Developmental Perspectives on Health Disparities from Conception Through Adulthood Risk Factors for Heart Disease Philip Greenland, MD Harry W. Dingman Professor Chair, Department of Preventive Medicine
More informationJAI La Leche League Epigenetics and Breastfeeding: The Longterm Impact of Breastmilk on Health Disclosure Why am I interested in epigenetics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 JAI La Leche League Epigenetics and Breastfeeding: The Longterm Impact of Breastmilk on Health By Laurel Wilson, IBCLC, CLE, CCCE, CLD Author of The Greatest Pregnancy
More informationFetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis
International Epidemiological Association 2002 Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Epidemiology 2002;31:1235 1239 FETAL ORIGINS Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological
More informationThe Epigenetics of Obesity: Individual, Social, and Environmental Influences. K. J. Claycombe, Ph.D.
The Epigenetics of Obesity: Individual, Social, and Environmental Influences K. J. Claycombe, Ph.D. What can happen to our gene(s) that would cause obesity? Modification via Epigenetic alterations C
More informationInfluence of Maternal Vitamin B 12 and Folate on Growth and Insulin Resistance in the Offspring
Epigenetic Factors before and during Pregnancy Bhatia J, Bhutta ZA, Kalhan SC (eds): Maternal and Child Nutrition: The First 1,000 Days. Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser, vol 74, pp 145 156, (DOI: 10.1159/000348463)
More informationEPIGENETICS AND MENTAL HEALTH. William J. Walsh, Ph.D.
EPIGENETICS AND MENTAL HEALTH.. William J. Walsh, Ph.D. The Epigenetics Revolution Until recently, heritable illnesses were presumed to genetic in nature, Several heritable disorders now appear to be epigenetic,
More informationEarly Nutrition and Adult Noncommunicable. that must be broken
Early Nutrition and Adult Noncommunicable diseases: A vital link that must be broken Commonwealth Health Ministers Meeting WHO, Geneva May 14, 2011 Anna Lartey (Associate Professor) Department of Nutrition
More information4/20/2016. Objectives. Epigenetic Definitions. Gene Expression. More Questions. Questions to Consider
Objectives Epigentics: You Might Be What Your Grandmother Ate Lynda Britton, Ph.D., MLS(ASCP) CM Professor LSU Health Shreveport Discuss epigenetics and its role in cancer, imprinting and X chromosome
More informationRick Fox M.A Health and Wellness Specialist
Metabolic Diseases Rick Fox M.A Health and Wellness Specialist Metabolic Diseases Metabolism is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates
More informationE Ltd. P4 Test Report. Test Report. Sex: Report Print: Comment: Summary of Test Results. cortisol value lower than 5.02 ng/ml. Stroke have deficiency.
Office Tel. : +852 2210-5022 Website: http://enanohealth.com Test Report Summary of Test Results Biomarker Test Result Reference range Implication Remark Cortisol 0.59 ng/ml 0.42 ng/ml-5.02 ng/ml Around
More informationfrom the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Symposium doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01798.x Epidemiology, genes and the environment: lessons learned from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study J. G. Eriksson From the Department of Public Health, University
More informationDiabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1994
Diabetologia (1994) 37:592-596 Diabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1994 Fetal growth and insulin secretion in adult life D. I. W. Phillips 1, S. Hirst I, P. M. S. Clark 2, C. N. Hales 2, C.Osmond 3 1 Metabolic
More informationWhat is gestational diabetes?
ESPEN Congress Cannes 2003 Organised by the Israel Society for Clinical Nutrition Education and Clinical Practice Programme Session: Dietitian Symposium: Nutrition throughout the woman life cycle An Update
More informationEarly Life Roots of Health. Ann Bullock, MD Director Division of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention Indian Health Service
Early Life Roots of Health Ann Bullock, MD Director Division of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention Indian Health Service What Happens Early Affects the Rest of Our Lives many adult diseases should be viewed
More informationTowards 2020: Linda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S. Director National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Toxicology Program
Towards 2020: What are the Critical Environmental Health Challenges? Linda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S. Director National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Toxicology Program
More informationFolic Acid. Ameer Saadallah Al-Zacko Ahmad Ausama Al-Kazzaz Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar
Folic Acid Ameer Saadallah Al-Zacko Ahmad Ausama Al-Kazzaz Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar Now with Ahmad Maan Al-Hajar Folic acid Folic acid is a water soluble Vitamin which has many forms include folate, vitamin
More informationThe Role of Host: Genetic Variation
The Role of Host: Genetic Variation Patrick J. Stover, PhD The Janet and Gordon Lankton Professor of Nutrition Director, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University Dietary Requirements are Complex
More informationEpigenetic Pathways Linking Parental Effects to Offspring Development. Dr. Frances A. Champagne Department of Psychology, Columbia University
Epigenetic Pathways Linking Parental Effects to Offspring Development Dr. Frances A. Champagne Department of Psychology, Columbia University Prenatal & Postnatal Experiences Individual differences in brain
More informationMost chronic noncommunicable
Epidemiology/Health Services Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Evidence of a Relationship Between Infant Birth Weight and Later Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population XINHUA
More informationIUGR AND LONG TERM CV FUNCTION
IUGR AND LONG TERM CV FUNCTION Eduard Gratacós www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/ 1. Fetal growth and cardiovascular function 2. IUGR and cardiac programming 3. Clinical implications
More informationFolic Acid and vitamin B12
Folic Acid and vitamin B12 ILOs: by the end of this lecture, you will be able to: 1. Understand that vitamins are crucial nutrients that are important to health. 2. Know that folic acid and vitamin B12
More informationPaul Hofman. Professor. Paediatrician Endocrinologist Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Starship Children Hospital, Auckland
Professor Paul Hofman Paediatrician Endocrinologist Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Starship Children Hospital, Auckland 9:25-9:50 Endocrine and Metabolic Consequences of Being Born Preterm
More informationEpigenetics: Basic Principals and role in health and disease
Epigenetics: Basic Principals and role in health and disease Cambridge Masterclass Workshop on Epigenetics in GI Health and Disease 3 rd September 2013 Matt Zilbauer Overview Basic principals of Epigenetics
More informationExercise as an intervention to improve metabolic outcomes after intrauterine growth restriction
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 306: E999 E1012, 2014. First published March 11, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00456.2013. Exercise as an intervention to improve metabolic outcomes after intrauterine growth
More informationDiabetologia Springer-Verlag 1994
Diabetologia (1994) 37:150-154 Diabetologia Springer-Verlag 1994 Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life D. I. W. Phillips', D. J. P. Barker 2, C. N. Hales 3, S. Hirst', C. Osmond 2 1 Metabolic
More informationDNA Methylation and its Association with Prenatal Exposures and Pregnancy Outcomes
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 12-31-2010 DNA Methylation and its Association with Prenatal Exposures and Pregnancy Outcomes Jennifer Straughen
More informationVitamin D: Is it a superhero??
Vitamin D: Is it a superhero?? Dr. Ashraf Abdel Basset Bakr Prof. of Pediatrics 1 2 History of vitamin D discovery Sources of vitamin D and its metabolism 13 Actions of vitamin D 4 Vitamin D deficiency
More informationMonitoring Weight Status among Women of Reproductive Age. Renato Littaua, DVM, MPVM Healthy Weight and Pregnancy Webinar January 31, 2012.
1/31/12 Monitoring Weight Status among Women of Reproductive Age Renato Littaua, DVM, MPVM Healthy Weight and Pregnancy Webinar January 31, 12 Outline Methods Review overweight and obesity among non-pregnant
More informationVitamin D The hidden deficiency. Dr Pamela von Hurst Senior Lecturer Human Nutrition Director of the Massey Vitamin D Research Centre
Vitamin D The hidden deficiency Dr Pamela von Hurst Senior Lecturer Human Nutrition Director of the Massey Vitamin D Research Centre Overview Vitamin D what, where from, how much The New Zealand situation
More informationInfluence of early life environment on risk of non-nommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Indians
SIGHT AND LIFE VOL. 29(1) 2015 PUNE EXPERIENCE 91 Pune Experience Influence of early life environment on risk of non-nommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Indians Prachi Katre, Chittaranjan S Yajnik Diabetes
More informationEndocrine Disrupting Chemicals: New considerations in the toxics space TURI Annual Meeting
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: New considerations in the toxics space TURI Annual Meeting Laura N. Vandenberg, PhD UMass Amherst School of Public Health April 25, 2018 Disclosure statement I am funded
More informationEpigenetics: How Nutrients Affect Gene Expression.
Epigenetics: How Nutrients Affect Gene Expression. David Heber, MD, PhD, FACP, FASN Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Public Health and Founding Director, UCLA Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen
More informationFolic Acid Fortification. Alan A Jackson National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Centre
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre in nutrition Folic Acid Fortification Alan A Jackson National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Centre The NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research
More information2) Diet, genes, and physical activity influence your risk for disease. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 2-3
Nutrition and You: Core Concepts, MyPlate Ed. (Blake) Concept 2 What Is Nutrition? 1) Nutrition knowledge has no influence on our food choices. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 2-2 2) Diet, genes, and physical
More informationRetinoic Acid & Experimental Design Laboratory
Name: Date: Retinoic Acid & Experimental Design Laboratory Motivation Vitamin A deficiency claims the lives of over 600,000 children under the age of 5 annually 1. Maternal vitamin A deficiency leads to
More informationExposures and Heritable Health Effects
Exposures and Heritable Health Effects Thaddeus T. Schug Population Health Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences November 30, 2017 Outline Developmental exposures and health effects
More informationGestational Diabetes: Long Term Metabolic Consequences. Outline 5/27/2014
Gestational Diabetes: Long Term Metabolic Consequences Gladys (Sandy) Ramos, MD Associate Clinical Professor Maternal Fetal Medicine Outline Population rates of obesity and T2DM Obesity and metabolic syndrome
More informationDoes prenatal alcohol exposure affect neurodevelopment? Attempts to give causal answers
Does prenatal alcohol exposure affect neurodevelopment? Attempts to give causal answers Luisa Zuccolo l.zuccolo@bristol.ac.uk MRC IEU, School of Social and Community Medicine Background Prenatal alcohol
More informationLOW birth weight due to fetal undernutrition. Lead Article. Low Birth Weight and Insulin Resistance in Mid and Late Childhood
Lead Article Low Birth Weight and Insulin Resistance in Mid and Late Childhood Mukesh Gupta, Rajeev Gupta*, Ashok Pareek, Ravi Bhatia and Vijay Kaul* From the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical
More informationAlso, some risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes, put you at greater risk for CHD and heart attack than others.
Who is at Risk for Heart Disease? Certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). These conditions are known as risk factors. Risk factors also increase the
More informationSalt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He
Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk BP Salt CVD Obesity
More informationDEVELOPING A PROPOSAL. Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Professor Director of Postgraduate Studies. (PhD studies)
DEVELOPING A PROPOSAL Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Professor Director of Postgraduate Studies (PhD studies) PROJECT PLAN SOME PRINCIPLES a project should be planned so that a thesis can be written and submitted
More informationMaternal and Infant Nutrition Briefs
Maternal and Infant Nutrition Briefs A research-based newsletter prepared by the University of California for professionals interested in maternal and infant nutrition March/April 2003 New Guidelines on
More informationNutritional concerns of overweight / obese older persons. Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Dept Nutritional Sciences Penn State University
Nutritional concerns of overweight / obese older persons Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Dept Nutritional Sciences Penn State University Prevalence of obesity among older adults: NHANES 1999-2004 Sex Age (years)
More informationSOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
NUTRITION-RELATED NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE (N-RNCD) REGIONAL PROFILE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA This SPRING regional profile provides an overview of early life nutrition status and later life nutrition-related
More informationHuman Genetics 542 Winter 2018 Syllabus
Human Genetics 542 Winter 2018 Syllabus Monday, Wednesday, and Friday 9 10 a.m. 5915 Buhl Course Director: Tony Antonellis Jan 3 rd Wed Mapping disease genes I: inheritance patterns and linkage analysis
More informationSupplemental Figure S1. Tertiles of FKBP5 promoter methylation and internal regulatory region
Supplemental Figure S1. Tertiles of FKBP5 promoter methylation and internal regulatory region methylation in relation to PSS and fetal coupling. A, PSS values for participants whose placentas showed low,
More informationFetal Programming and the Leningrad Siege Study
ARTICLES Fetal Programming and the Leningrad Siege Study Sara A. Stanner 1 and John S.Yudkin 2 1 British Nutrition Foundation, London 2 International Health and Medical Education Centre, University College
More informationPost Discharge Nutrition. Jatinder Bhatia, MD, FAAP
Post Discharge Nutrition Jatinder Bhatia, MD, FAAP Declaration of potential conflicts of interest Regarding this presentation the following relationships could be perceived as potential conflicts of interest:
More informationEvolution, developmental plasticity, and metabolic disease
CHAPTER 19 Evolution, developmental plasticity, and metabolic disease Christopher W. Kuzawa, Peter D. Gluckman, Mark A. Hanson, and Alan S. Beedle Introduction: diseases of excess or deficiency? Cardiovascular
More informationABC Study Protocol Full Study Title: The Aboriginal Birth Cohort Protocol version: 1.1 Date: February 23, 2012
ABC Study Protocol Full Study Title: The Aboriginal Birth Cohort Protocol version: 1.1 Date: February 23, 2012 Prinicipal Investigator: Dr. Sonia Anand Co-Investigators Dr. Rebecca Anglin Dr. Joseph Beyene
More informationLECTURE-4 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE
LECTURE-4 VITAMINS DR PAWAN TOSHNIWAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BIOCHEMISTRY ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DAHOD, GUJARAT DATE-20-12-2018 VITAMIN B 12 VITAMIN B-12 COBALAMIN (COBALT ATOM IN CORRIN RING)
More informationHuman Genetics 542 Winter 2017 Syllabus
Human Genetics 542 Winter 2017 Syllabus Monday, Wednesday, and Friday 9 10 a.m. 5915 Buhl Course Director: Tony Antonellis Module I: Mapping and characterizing simple genetic diseases Jan 4 th Wed Mapping
More informationSummary. Introduction. Richard G. IJzerman a, Dorret I. Boomsma b and Coen D. A. Stehouwer a
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKPPEPaediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology0269-5022Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 200419S11014Original ArticleBirthweight and cardiovascular risk factorsr. G. IJzerman et al. 10
More informationSymposium on Impact of diet on critical events in development
Proceedings ofthe Nutrition Society (1992) 51, 135144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY A Scientific Meeting Gas held at the University of Edinburgh on 2730 August I991 Symposium on Impact of diet on
More informationTrajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults
The new england journal of medicine original article Trajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults David J.P. Barker, F.R.S., Clive Osmond, Ph.D., Tom J. Forsén, M.D., Eero Kajantie,
More information11b). Does the use of folic acid preconceptually decrease the risk of foetal malformations in women with epilepsy?
updated 2012 Management of epilepsy in women of child bearing age Q11: 11a). In women with epilepsy, should antiepileptic therapy be prescribed as monotherapy or polytherapy to decrease the risk of fetal
More informationPresentation Outline. Data Sources MATERNAL DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN MALAYSIA
ILSI SEA Region Seminar on Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition, July 24, 217, Bangkok, Thailand MATERNAL DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN MALAYSIA Zalilah Mohd Shariff Department of Nutrition
More informationMATERNAL INFLUENCES ON OFFSPRING S EPIGENETIC AND LATER BODY COMPOSITION
Institute of Medicine & National Research Council Food and Nutrition Board & Board on Children, Youth & Families Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity: The Fetal & Early Childhood Years
More informationHigh Blood Pressure in Irish Adults
High Blood Pressure in Irish Adults Preliminary findings and lessons learned from two JINGO cohorts Helene McNulty Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) University of Ulster Mortality due
More information