Oroxcell Percutaneous and intestinal absorption

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1 Percutaneous and intestinal absorption

2 Table of contents Percutaneous and intestinal absorption 1. Intestinal absorption Permeability across in vitro epithelial monolayers Ussing chambers In situ intestinal perfusion 2. Percutaneous absorption Reconstituted human epithelium Human excised skin 2

3 Intestinal absorption Permeability across in vitro epithelial monolayers Cellular models Caco-2, TC7 HT29-MTX Determination Apparent permeability Unidirectional flux Effect of compounds, ingredients and formulations on monolayer integrity Transport studies Bidirectional transport studies Revealing efflux Assessment of P-gp mediated transport Increase bioavailability Formulation Search Engine 3

4 Intestinal absorption Exemple: Revealing efflux Bidirectionnal transport of compounds across TC7 cell monolayers Reference: Pachot JI, Botham RP, Haegele KD, Hwang K. (2003) Experimental estimation of the role of P- Glycoprotein in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of telithromycin, a novel ketolide, in comparison with roxithromycin and other macrolides using the Caco-2 cell model J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6(1):1-12 4

5 Intestinal absorption Exemple: Assessment of P-gp mediated transport Bidirectionnal transport of digoxine with different P-gp modulators Co-incubation of the test compound with the 3 modulators simultaneously Due to the existence of multiple active sites in P-gp structure (Safa, Curr. Med. Chem.- Anti-Cancer Agents, 2004), it is recommended to use at least 3 modulators. Verapamil is listed by US FDA as an acceptable P-gp modulator. Progesterone and nicardipine are two other P-gp modulators which interact differently on P-gp, probably on different sites (Orlowski et al., Biochem. J., 1996; Martin et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 2000). These 3 P-gp modulators have been successfully used together (Pontier et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 2001). 5

6 Intestinal absorption Exemple: Formulation Search Engine Transport of CpdX across TC7 cell monolayers with different formulations Reference: Galenic applications of self-emulsifying mixtures of lipidic excipients WO 2006/ A1 Selection of formulations for increased bioavailability F = formulation 6

7 Intestinal absorption Ussing chamber : principle The active ingredient is added in the donor medium (either mucosal or serosal side). Samples are collected in the receiver medium to determine flux and apparent permeability. Electrical parameters are monitored during the transport study in order to assess a potential effect of the compound on intestinal physiology or intestinal integrity Reference: Boisset M, Botham RP, Haegele KD, Lenfant B, Pachot JI. (2000) Absorption of angiotensin II antagonists in Ussing chambers, Caco-2, perfused jejunum loop and in vivo: importance of drug ionisation in the in vitro prediction of in vivo absorption Eur J Pharm Sci. 10(3):

8 Intestinal absorption Ussing chamber : scheme 8

9 Intestinal absorption In situ intestinal perfusion The absorp+on model consists in an intes(nal segment of the rat perfused in situ : The formula+ons are perfused, with a peristal(c pump, at a constant rate throughout an intes+nal segment in rats under anesthesia The surfaces of collected intes+nal segments are reported. The ph of the formula+on at the exit of the intes+nal segment is reported ph Blood is sampled at regular intervals in the catheterized jugular vein or the mesenteric vein cm 2 Plasma samples are analyzed to monitor product concentra(on varia(ons 9

10 Percutaneous absorption Reconstituted human epithelium Episkin model: skin culture and source Reconstituted from adult human keratinocytes Mammary/abdominal samples From healthy consenting donors Cultured on a collagen base in conditions which permit terminal differentiation Functional horny layer (stratum corneum) Episkin Protocol outline Formulated or not formulated test compound (cream, liquid, patch ) Preliminary solubility and stability of the test compound in the different media or formulation Percutaneous flux across human skin LC-UV, LC-MS/MS, fluorescence, radioactivity Episkin 10

11 Percutaneous absorption Exemple: percutaneous flux across Episkin model TestoPatch absorption through reconstituted human epithelium Test compound: Episkin Testosterone - TestoPatch Amount in receiving medium (µg/cm²/6h) Flux (µg.cm -2.h -1 ) C1 36,9 7,1 C2 31,1 5,9 C3 37,4 7,3 Mean 35,1 6,8 s.d. 3,5 0,8 Results were in agreement with bibliography: 35 ± 3 µg/cm2 over 6h which corresponds to 7% of applied amount Bibliographic data: 5.7 to 7.5% (testosterone solution over 4h) Testosterone ng/cm Cumulated amount in receiving medium n = 3 0 Time (h) 11

12 Percutaneous absorption Reconstituted human epithelium Human excised skin Fresh / Frozen Calibrated thickness / Full thickness Abdomen / Breast / Back Animal / Human healthy consenting donors Protocol outline Formulated or not formulated test compound (cream, liquid, patch ) Franz cells Split-thickness Percutaneous flux LC/UV, LC/MS or radiolabeled assay Franz cell 12

13 Percutaneous absorption Human excised skin Franz cell: principle Donor compartment Film Formulation Skin Appropriate medium Receiving compartment Magnetic bar Heated water 13

14 Percutaneous absorption Exemple: Percutaneous flux accros human skin using Franz cell TestoPatch absorption through real human skin Test compound: Testosterone patch Amount in receiving medium (! g/cm?/24h) Flux (! g/cm?/h) C1 18,1 1,4 C2 17,6 1,6 C3 16,5 1,3 C4 32,5 2,0 C5 23,6 1,3 C6 23,7 1,3 Mean 22,0 1,5 s.d. 6,0 0,3 Testosterone ng/cm2 Time (h) Experimental in vitro flux : 1.5 ± 0.3 µg / h / cm2 Transdermal flux in human obtained with TestoPatch : 1.7µg / h / cm2 14

15 Percutaneous absorption Exemple: Percutaneous absorption of compound B using Franz cell Deposit Recovery (%) and repartition of compound B using split-thickness human skin S.C. E D S.C. - Stratum Corneum E - Epidermis D -Dermis Total Recovery : 90.8 ± 14.0 % 15

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