Situation assessment of PPR and Way forward for SAARC countries

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1 Situation assessment of PPR and Way forward for SAARC countries Dr. Bimal Kumar Nirmal 1 and Mr. Shyam Prasad Poudel 2 1 CVO and Director General, Department of Livestock Services, Nepal 2 Joint Secretary, Ministry of Livestock Development, Nepal

3 ALL OF WE KNOW PPR is contagious disease of small ruminants and priority TADs. OIE notifiable disease Goats are more susceptible than sheep. characterized by fever,lacrimation,nasal discharge erosive stomatitis, diahorrea, bronchopneumonia, dehydration and death Caused by Morbilli virus of Family paramyxoviridae Virus may resist 60 C/60 min and Stable at ph Susceptible to alcohol, ether, detergents Susceptible to most disinfectants, e.g. phenol, 2% NaOH Survives for long periods in chilled and frozen tissues Transmission: Direct contact Sources of virus: Tears, nasal discharge, coughed secretions, and all secretions and excretions of incubating and sick animals Only one serotype, No carrier statge Vaccine induces long lasting immunity

4 WHY WE NEED TO FOCUS ON IT South Asia is the hub for the major Livestock endemic diseases that play an essential role in livelihood and food security. One of the main factors limiting the growth of sustainable small ruminant production is the presence of infectious diseases such as PPR. SAARC countries are endemic for PPR except Sri Lanka It causes great Impact on food security and livelihood. Control and eventual eradication of the disease would bring a major positive impact on improved small ruminant health and livelihoods of farmers.

5 Small Ruminant density distribution in the world

6 20 Small ruminant population(in million) in SAARC countries < million population of small ruminants in the SAARC region <1 <1

7 Global outbreak situation of PPR Source: OIE WAHIS and FAO EMPRES-i

Badakhshan, Balkh and Herat <100 provinces have higher outbreaks Central part of <100 Punjab and remote rural areas of Sindh and Baluchistan have higher outbreaks 16 states including west Bengal,

8 Badakhshan, Balkh and Herat <100 provinces have higher outbreaks Central part of <100 Punjab and remote rural areas of Sindh and Baluchistan have higher outbreaks 16 states including west Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharastra have have higher outbreaks Outbreaks of PPR Outbreaks of PPR in in Small ruminant SAARC countries So far 68 district had outbreak. However, it is limited to only 54 district during last 5 year. <10 70 <200 Western provinces have higher outbreaks Gafu Alifu Free from PPR

9 Vaccination is one of the major tool to control PPR in SAARC countries PPR was first seen in South Asia during Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal which constitutes about 99% of the small Ruminant population are now endemic for PPR. Bhutan has confirmed PPR only in Maldives has outbreak in 2009 and Nigerian strain (75/1) vaccine being used in Afghanistan Indigenous virus PPR Sungri/96 and Arasur/87 strains are used far a live attenuated vaccine production in India. Nigerian strain (75/1) and local strain (Tito)is being used in Bangladesh for vaccine production. Nigerian strain (75/1) is being used in Nepal for vaccine.

10 Country wise: India PPR was first reported in India in 1989 in the southern peninsula. By1994thediseasewaswidespreadand endemic throughout India during states of India have reported this disease including West Bengal. Mean sero prevalence of PPR was reported to be 36.5%(35%for , and 40% for ) (Singh, 2013). The economic loss due to PPR in India is estimated to be approximately USD 2,612.million (FAO, ECTAD, 2016).

11 Country wise: India India has taken comprehensive steps to deal with PPR through development and production of potent vaccines and monoclonal antibody based diagnostic kits, a live attenuated homologous vaccine using PPRV lineage IV, called Sungri 96. India started PPR control program against PPR in some of the states. Vaccination program in Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have resulted in about 75 percent reduction in disease over the years (FAO ECTAD regional meeting 2016). From that experience, India has planned to start vaccination against PPR in the small ruminant's population throughout the country by 2017.

12 Country wise: Bangladesh PPR is a notifiable disease in Bangladesh. Available report indicates that PPR is endemic in Bangladesh with its west provinces being the most affected part. Disease is affecting meat and leather industry whichinturnis creating a negative effect on the poverty alleviation program of the country (FAO/SAARC/EC, 2013). Bangladesh has been producing >4.5 million doses of vaccine There is no specific PPR control strategy for Bangladesh, but passive surveillance by monthly reporting has been practiced. Some routine vaccinations including cluster and ring vaccination are being carried out. The government is investing to create awareness through farmers training and operation of 24 quarantine stations in ports.

13 Country wise: Pakistan Recognized first time in Initial reports based on Clinical & epidemiological observations Lab Confirmation in 1994 (Amjad et al. 1994, Athar et al. 1995) PDS activity revealed presence of PPR in different parts of country (Zahur et al. 2006) Prevalence and Laboratory confirmation of PPR outbreaks in Punjab (Khan et al. 2007, 2008 & 2011) ELISA based Laboratory confirmation and incidence of PPR (Abubakar et al. 2008, 2009 & 2011) Molecular characterization of PPR Virus (Munir et al. 2012) Outbreak control activities including emergency vaccination. Preventive vaccination in selected areas (one tehsil / district) in each administrative unit

14 Country wise: Bhutan PPR is a notifiable disease Prevent incursion, rapid detection and containment, leading to control and eradication of PPR clinical surveillance and lab sampling done Vaccination started in March 2016 based on risk assessment Import regulations compulsory vaccination at source Communication Awareness of owners and paraprofessionals on disease & control measures through mass media, website and trainings

15 Country wise: Maldives Prevent incursion, rapid detection and containment, leading to control and eradication of PPR Vaccination Annual Import regulations Prevent spread of disease to neighboring atolls if occurs There were outbreaks in 2016 but it is under control now

16 Country wise: Sri Lanka PPR has never been recorded in Sri Lanka. Sero surveillance program is in place 1073 samples collected from 10 Districts have been subjected to competitive ELISA and all the samples were found to be negative for antibodies against PPR. Vaccination is not allowed. Early diagnosis for better control Plan to collect serum samples from goats in order to detect 0.1% sero prevalence of PPR at 95% confidence interval. restriction of Importation of goats and sheep from infected country, quarantine, slaughter, disposal, decontamination. Public awareness targeted at the general public on PPR using media, print media, talk shows on TV and radio programs.

17 Country wise: Nepal First outbreak ofpprwasreportedinteraidistrictsofnepalin 1994 as epidemic disease of goats and officially recognized as PPR in First outbreaks of PPR was reported from Dhanusha, Mahottari, Bara, Sarlahi, Rauthat and Gorkha districts. The disease was then spread to other districts and by the end of 2001, it was reported in 52 districts when mass vaccination was started. As per VEC record, PPR has so far affected 68 districts and established as endemic disease in many districts. vaccination against disease is proved to be effective in controlling PPR, however, vaccination coverage is inadequate to reduce the incidence of disease

Number of PPR outbreak and districts since 2010 =588 Dolpa Total districts with outbreaks =54 Total districts without outbreaks=21 N W E Legend District_Level

18 Number of PPR outbreak and districts since 2010 =588 Dolpa Total districts with outbreaks =54 Total districts without outbreaks=21 N W E Legend District_Level ppr_out_up Total susceptible population11million 3.3 million doses of vaccines were used in Miles S

19 Country wise: Nepal DRAFT

20 Country wise: Nepal PPR Roadmap Table for Stage 1 Outcome 1.a Please report in this Table the activities above that have been partially or Not achieved at all Activity Timeframe Responsible staff Activity 1 Expert of team formulation and mobilization for assessment of laboratory capacity in CVL, 6 month Staff from DLS,DAH,CVL,VEC (PPR working Group) RVL and DLSOs Activity 2 PPR control strategy, surveillance plan, SOP for outbreak investigation and diagnosis one year DAH,CVL,VEC Activity 3 Training to RVL, CVL and DLSO staff involved in PPR diagnosis Two years DAH,CVL,VEC,RVL PPR Roadmap Table for Stage 1 Outcome 1.b Please report in this Table the activities above that have been partially or Not achieved at all Activity Timeframe Responsible staff Activity 1 SOP preparation for handling PPR samples one year DAH,CVL,VEC Activity 2 Training on handling to ship samples to all staff Two year DAH,CVL,RVL,VEC PPR Roadmap Table for Stage 1 Outcome 2 Please report in this Table the activities above that have been partially or Not achieved at all Activity Timeframe Responsible staff Activity 1 Development of Surveillance Plan Two year outsourcing Activity 2 Value chain, Risk analysis including Socioeconomic impact assessment Two year outsourcing Activity 3 CE for technical personnel Two year outsourcing PPR Roadmap Table for Stage 1 Outcome 3 Please report in this Table the activities above that have been partially or not achieved at all Activity Timeframe Responsible staff Activity 1 Review of veterinary education curricula One year Veterinary education institutes, NVC, DLS Activity 2 Continue education to involved technical manpower Two years NVC,DLS Activity 3 Involvement of private veterinarians in disease control program Two years DLS PPR Roadmap Table for Stage 1 Outcome 4 Please report in this Table the activities above that have been partially or not achieved at all Activity Timeframe Responsible staff Activity 1 Formulation of National PPR Committee 6 months DLS

22 Country Economic impact per annum in South Asia (GALVmed south Asia strategy ) Incidence (Million US$) Mortality (Million US$) Production loss (Million US$) Treatment loss (Million US$) Overall loss (Million US$) Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Total Pakistan :Annual losses of more than US $342 million through high levels of morbidity and mortality and the resulting depletion of genetic stock

23 All or Some of you may be here!! First PPR Roadmap meeting for the formulation of a Regional Approach to the control and Eradication of PPR in the SAARC region, Nagarkot, Kathmandu, Nepal, April, 2016

24 PPR Stages progression in SAARC Countries

25 Way Forward Development of National PPR control and eradication strategy and program (for those who don t have) Use of PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT) Implementation of risk-based vaccination aiming at reaching at least 70% immunity of the herds in hotspots. Use of quality certified vaccines by (OIE/FAO certified) Regional PPR Proficiency Test (PT) as means to assess the participating laboratories capabilities in PPR diagnosis Lab and Epi Network sustainability and strengthening Stakeholder s engagement Regional approach is necessary to control the disease.

26 Thank you for your kind attention

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