FMD - TURKEY. Yener ŞEKERCAN. Veterinary Officer General Directorate of Food and Control Ankara/TURKEY

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1 FMD - TURKEY Yener ŞEKERCAN Veterinary Officer General Directorate of Food and Control Ankara/TURKEY 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017

2 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 FMD Situation Turkey is located on two continens and a natural barrier exists between Anatolia and Thrace region Aproximately LR and SR population Thrace region has been free from FMD with vaccination since May 2010 FMD is endemic in Anatolia region Current circulating virus strains: O-KAR-16 (QOM-15) -OTUR07 A-NEP-84 (GVII) Asia1 has been not recorded since July Latest circulated one was Asia-1(Asia1/SINDH08)

3 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Legal Basis 5996 Law on Veterinary Services, Plant Health, Food and Feed Regulation on FMD Annual Instructions on Combat against Animal Diseases Risk Based Control Plan on FMD Contingency plan for FMD

4 Thrace Region FMD free with vaccination since For early detection and confidence in freedom: Established check points for movement control Movement control regulation appliance with OIE code, Surveillance systems improved and implemented Vaccination implemented both species, LR&SR, with % vaccination coverage Stamping out policy will be applied in case of disease emergency Model and motivation for Anatolia on disease eradication 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017

5 Surveillance activities in Thrace Region Active and passive surveillance - Routine by field veterinary service - Specific for Kurban festival time particularly Risk based Surveillance program based on relative risk factors - Clinical and serological surveillance based on specific design in high risk areas - Clinical surveillance for low risk areas Annual serosurveillance - Covering all species in whole region aimed to substantiate freedom the disease 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017

6 Animal movements to Thrace Region Animal movements from Anatolia to Thrace depends on special condiditons. Formal health certificate for movement is issued by the VS providing that: No clinic signs in the animals on the departure day Animals should not move to another premise since birth or be in the present premise at least for 3 months There should not be any disease in the zone of 10 km around the premise at least for 3 months Animals should be isolated for 30 days before shipment, serological tests should be negative at the end of this period 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017

7 Transmission ways of FMD in Turkey Transmisson ways within animal movements Common grazing and water Animal markets Dealers Illegal animal movements Legal animal movements Nomadic animal movements th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

8 FMD Outbreaks during 2017 FMD Monitoring Large Ruminant Small Ruminant A O Not Typed TOTAL Total 208 FMD outbreaks 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

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12 Laboratory Activities Diagnostic tests: Indirect sandwich antigen detection ELISA Multiplex RT-PCR Lateral Flow Device (LFD)-Pen-side test LPB ELISA Ab NSPs ELISA PCR/Nucleotid sequencing R value by VNT and ELISA and Mab profiling 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

13 Laboratory Activities FMD Institute is the national reference laboratory in Turkey All FMD suspected samples are submitted to only FMD Institute Regional Veterinary Laboratories are not responsible for analysis of FMD % 70 of the samples analysed was detected as FMD positive in this year % 83 of positive samples was typed Some FMD positive samples cannot be typed because of not being sent to laboratory in appropriate manners. 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

14 Analysed samples (%) Typed Not typed Negative 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

15 FMD situation recent years Number of FMD outbreaks by year Number of FMD outbreaks increasingly went up because of A Nepal84 (Asia/GVII) epidemic in 2015 and O Qom15 (PanAsiaII) epidemic in th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

16 Map Distribution for Outbreaks due to A/ AsiaGVII Nov /Dec th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

17 Early Response to new A outbreak wave: Vaccination&Outbreak 29 Sep 2015 First sampling from outbreak 2 Oct 2015 Laboratory diagnosis 9 Oct 2015 Onset of genetic characterisation and vaccine production studies 24 Nov 2015 First vaccine delivery 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

18 ( ) Vaccination in LR and SR (Million dose) 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

19 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 FMD Control Program A Risk Based Control Program has been developed and applied since 2014 GOAL OF THE STRATEGY To contribute to the development of the livestock sector by achieving OIE status of FMD free without vaccination by 2025 ACTIVITIES AND TACTICS To reduce/eliminate risk and gaps for each identified risk and gaps Implementing of control activities

20 Risk based control program for Anatolia GOAL: Gain FMD Free Status without vaccination by 2025 MAIN COMPONENTS OF CONTROL PROGRAM: Continuing risk based vaccination Including booster vaccination Risk based surveillance program Monitoring movement: Check points Regulation of animal movement from the other regions compliance with OIE Terrestrial Code: Quar./NSP testing etc. Effective outbreak management/biosecurity Enhance awareness for stakeholders Increasing technical capacity Effective monitoring and improvement of infrastructure 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

21 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Current FMD control policy conducted in Turkey Vaccination FMD Institute produces FMD vaccine sufficient capacity covered national population with >6PD50 potency vaccine used Vaccination implemented based on risk analysis: Preventive campaign vaccination :In Anatolia; twice a year for LR; In Thrace: : Twice a year for LR/once for SR Early Spring: population assured immune before releasing grazing time Late Summer: population assured immune before Kurban festival Ring Vaccination to response outbreak in surveillance zone of outbreak Targeting vaccination for identified Hotspot» Small ruminant vaccination where risk identified Booster vaccination across the country

22 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Current FMD control policy conducted in Turkey Diagnosis and Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of Isolates Epidemiological investigation Active and passive surveillance Outbreak investigation and case study Sero-surveillance; NSP Prevalence estimation in Anatolia Risk based surveillance Program for early detection in Thrace Routine control measures in case of disease outbreak (biosecurity, restriction, quarantine, sampling) Control of animal movements and markets Training field vets and awareness activities for stakeholders

23 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Monitoring Control Program Indicators Reconstructed TURKVET (Registration and Information System) with more functional and features : Animal Registration System LR/SR registered into the system with ear-tag Animal movement managed and monitored by the system Regular movement report by province Veterinary Information System (VIS) Outbreak Management Entering outbreak data for all notifiable diseases Vaccination data Sample Management System

24 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Monitoring Control Program Indicators Establishment Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit In GDFC; in 9 Regional Vet Institute including FMD Institute and in all provinces Regular Diagnosis Activities Clinical diagnosis; VIS Serotyping data: FMD Institute and VIS at GDFC Genotyping data: FMD Institute Antigenic Characterization (r Value) data: FMD Institute Clinical surveillance Sero-surveillance Activities NSP Sero-surveillance: Assessment disease dynamics and identifying risk factors Post vaccination sero-surveillance: Vaccination performance and antibody level

25 OS16 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October 2017 Challenges for Disease Control REGIONAL Virus Incursion into the country profitable animal price causes illegal movements across the borders Insufficient early detection of upcoming strains Lack of versatile regional control program NATIONAL Insufficient Booster vaccination of young animals in Central and East Anatolia Dense cattle population younger than one year old providing raw material for fattening farms in the other region: causes irregular animal movement High elevation, hard and long winter conditions in East Anatolia Common grazing and highland (yayla) for summer grazing Insufficient farmer awareness; Biosecurity, outbreak management

26 BREEDERS VETERINARIANS STAKEHOLDERS Rising awareness studies Biosecurity visual education Cleaning- Disinfection Education on disease combat Banner, leaflet, TV and radio spots Education for dealers and truck owners Outbreak Investigation Clinic Surveillance Biosecurity Outbreak Management FMD legal framework responsibility Socio-economic impact Information on value chain Providing effective participation in combat by meeting with NGO s 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

27 FMD PCP ROADMAP PLANNING Thrace Anatolia th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

28 Conclusion Main risk identified in Turkey is virus incursion, once it happens Allow virus circulation in naive population and evolution of novel strains. It is resulted maintenance of endemic setting. To response the situation, it has been developed a «Risk Based Control Program» By regional progressive disease control approach, control measures have been implemented Main goal of the program is to achieve OIE status of FMD free without vaccination by 2025 Based on risk assessment and socio-economical evaluation, eradication program has been initiated and applied accross the country. As a first step, Risk based Control program has been updated for Anatolia and initiated control measures in order to eliminate/reduce identified risk and gaps Progress of the program will be strictly monitored by specified monitoring system using all available indicators The program has some challenges. Turkey can capable to overcome using its own sources and effort, such as vaccine production with enough capacity/potency and capacity on developed diagnosis and molecular epidemiological tools ect. Functional early detection system in the region However, to overcome challenges by regional interaction, it needs Implementing effective versatile regional control program Strong political responsibility for regional disease eradication 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

29 Control Programmes for other diseases Brucellosis: Conjunctival S19/Rev1 vaccination, serological tests in disease free premises, killing/slaughtering with compensation B.Tuberculosis: Tracing back to premise from slaughterhouse, killing/slaughtering with compensation, tuberculin testing in disease free premises Lumpy Skin Disease: Routine vaccination, movement restriction, modified stamping out with compensation, vector control PPR: Routine vaccination, movement restriction 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October

30 Thanks for your attention 4th Middle East FMD Roadmap Meeting Amman, Jordan October