Role of the EuFMD/European countries - West EurAsia and other Regional Roadmaps

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1 Appendix 16 PROGRESSIVE CONTROL PATHWAY (PCP) AND REGIONAL ROADMAPS: TOWARDS A COMMON FRAMEWORK FOR LONG TERM ACTION AGAINST FMD AT NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS IN EUR-ASIA AND AFRICA Presentation 7 to the 38 th General Session of the EuFMD Summary The Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD), a set of control program activity stages leading to FMD freedom, and Regional Roadmaps (RR), which describe the anticipated progress along the PCP at national and regional level to 2020, is the suggested approach of FAO to promote long-term co-ordinated action against FMD. The proposal of FAO to the OIE/FAO International Conference on FMD to be held in Paraguay in June 2009, is that the PCP and RR approach be adopted as the international framework for coordinated action under GFTADS, in each of the currently endemic regions. At global level, seven FMD epidemiologic regions are recognised containing specific viral variants which specific targeted vaccines and regional early warning systems ( 7 virus pools ), and Regional Roadmaps are suggested as a approach for 5 regions (West EurAsia, South Asia, East Africa, West/central, and Southern Africa) that do not currently have Continental (The Americas) or sub Regional (South-east Asia) FMD Roadmaps. Role of the EuFMD/European countries - West EurAsia and other Regional Roadmaps Eastern European and eastern Mediterranean member states are most at risk from the West Eurasian virus pool (Pool 3: types A, O, Asia-1); parts of the region (Egypt/Arabian peninsula) are at high risk from East African pool (pool 4), and north Africa (maghreb) from west/central African pool (pool 5). Nine European countries are included in the 15 countries directly affected by West Eurasian virus pool, 2 are usually considered Middle-east, and 4 in Asian political regions. The responsibility is therefore mainly a European one to promote FMD control in this epidemiologic area. The proposal before the 38 th Session, is for the EuFMD to Support the vision for the West Eurasian region to become free of clinical FMD by 2020; Commit, beginning with the EuFMD Strategic Plan , to a long term role in promoting and supporting the implementation of the Regional Roadmap and PCP approach in West EurAsia, with the aim of improving FMD control through progressive application of risk based control measures ; Promote and where required support routine FMD surveillance to monitor progress at national and regional level in FMD control across the West EurAsia region, working Organise, in co-ordination with other international agencies and donors, an annual meeting to review progress along the West EurAsia Roadmap; Promote and where appropriate technical support the introduction of PCP approach into other regions threatening to Europe, such as Northern, West/central and East Africa, with the emphasis upon routine surveillance to provide information for international risk assessment as well as local strategy building. Prepared by: Sumption K. (1), Lubroth J (2), Ferrari G (2), Potszch C (1), Domenech J (2) (1) European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), FAO, Rome, Italy, (2) EMPRES Animal Health, AGAH, FAO, Rome, Italy 148

2 Figure 1: Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD): stages 1-3 are activity stages that should lead to the conditions for official recognition of disease freedom (Stages 4-5). FAO Progressive control pathway - risk reduction approach (under development) not a top down prescribed approach: but each MS encouraged to develop national risk reduction strategies that are supportive to the regional effort 5 Officially free without vaccination No circulation / containment zones only 4 Officially free with vaccination No circulation / containment zones only 3 Approaching freedom Outbreaks < once / year 2 Critical points addressed incidence 1 Critical risk points identified, strategy being developed Stages 0-3 = infected countries/zones 0 Risk not controlled Continuous FMDV circulation 149

3 Background why a regional Roadmap approach? The challenge of controlling FMD is daunting in Asia and Africa; currently few of the endemic countries currently vaccinate more than a low percentage of susceptible livestock, informal transboundary trade permits rapid, sweeping epidemics, and each of the six regional virus pools contains regionally specific FMDV that require specific, tailored vaccines. In these regions, country capacity to implement control, and incentives for investment, differ widely. Global FMD control, through a set of regional long term actions (Regional Roadmaps) to address the seven regional virus pools was recommended at the FAO/EuFMD global meeting on FMD (Sicily, 2008). Two regions, South-east Asia and South America, already have established long term Roadmaps, but these are lacking in the remaining 5 virus pools. Within these regions, routine mass vaccination is often not an option for economic reasons, or has been adopted but success in FMD control is only partial because of incursions from neighbouring countries, or insufficient vaccine coverage to break transmission. Location of the Seven FMDV Virus Pools focus for Regional Roadmap actions. An eighth pool, in western Europe, has been eradicated through regional actions (EuFMD member states) by the end of the 1970s allowing freedom without vaccination. The seven major virus pools; basis for action against the regional virus types Continual virus circulation and evolution within regional pools: epidemic jumps to other regions How does the PCP approach fit with the OIE process of recognising FMD freedom? The PCP approach describes a set of intermediate control stages that should culminate in the preconditions for gaining and maintaining FMD freedom. The initial stage (Stage 1) is applicable in almost all countries, and aims at gaining the information required to develop a national strategy; both disease incidence, country capacity, and socio-economic drivers. Stage 1 therefore generates significant data of value at national, regional and global level (to free countries on risk). The next two stages focus on progressive application of control measures, leading eventually to a situation where all outbreaks are exogenous (from outside the country) and from which the jump to official recognized disease freedom (Stage 4) could be made. The PCP approach uses HACCP principles, is non-prescriptive on control options, and has the advantages, in the initial stages, that modest investments could attain information needed for targeting measures (national strategy development). What are the incentives for countries to participate in the PCP? Stages 2 to 3 will depend largely on national investments and economic drivers, but the emphasis on surveillance actions at every stage could result in greater market opportunities, 150

4 since trade decisions on compartmentalization requirements or commodity based marketing of livestock should be assisted by the risk management information provided. The PCP approach can be used to define activities in projects and for comparative regional evaluation of progress by Regional Economic or other bodies. Within a region, comparison with the progress of a neighbouring country is also a political driver. Regional Consultations and Roadmap Workshops The PCP approach has been developed and applied by FAO, working together with the OIE, at regional meetings to develop Regional Long Term Roadmaps in West EurAsia (14 countries: see Figure 3), in Africa (52 countries, 2009) and the Middle-East (10 countries, 2009). The PCP approach involves four sequential stages (Stage 0 to 3) of control within non-free countries, leading to official recognised freedom with or without vaccination (Stages 4 and 5). This paper describes how the PCP approach was used to develop Regional Roadmaps for FMD control up to 2020, in West EurAsia, in Africa (West/Central, East, Southern, North Africa) and in the Middle- East, through workshops and regional meetings in , convened under the GF-TADS framework. Remaining gaps for Roadmap development are in South Asia (SAARC area), and parts of East Asia that are not involved in the SEA program. Where do we go from here? The PCP approach, and regional Roadmaps, will be the subject of discuss at the OIE/FAO International Conference on FMD to be held in Paraguay in June The PCP approach can be applied at various levels, from individual support projects (supporting one country to undertake Stage 1 sero-surveys and strategy development, for example), can be the basis of regional projects (to support surveillance actions, lab networking etc), and could be the basis for commitment at political levels within regions. FAO implemented projects in support of FMD surveillance, regional networking etc, are expected to follow the PCP approach and as far as possible stimulate progression of countries along the regional roadmap. The overall co-ordination of the Roadmaps, and progress monitoring, should be managed by FAO/OIE, under GF-TADS, with global progress monitoring being achieved from the reports of the routine/annual meetings that review the progress of Regional Roadmaps. In the West Eurasia region, the EuFMD could be a lead body to organise these progress meetings, and thereby contribute to Regional and Global Control. 151

5 Figure 3: Regional Roadmap for FMD control in West EurAsia : with the vision of freedom from clinical disease by Stages towards FMD freedom (stage 4 or above). Countries Kazakh Kyrgyz Tajik Turkmen Uzbek West Eurasia AFG IRN PAK TURKEY Turkish Thrace Syria Iraq Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Nat Zonal Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Risk not controlled Risk identification and strategy development Basic surveillance Progressive risk reduction Almost free Free with vaccination Free without vaccination 152

Keith Sumption Secretary, European FMD Control Commission (EuFMD) FAO, Rome

Foot and mouth disease situation and control strategies in Europe the current situation Keith Sumption Secretary, European FMD Control Commission (EuFMD) FAO, Rome The European neighborhood wider group