Powdery Mildew in California Strawberries. Mark Bolda & Steven Koike UC Cooperative Extension
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1 Powdery Mildew in California Strawberries Mark Bolda & Steven Koike UC Cooperative Extension
2 Powdery mildew on leaves first occurs as irregular, white, fluffy patches. Photo Steven Koike, UCCE
3 Not all mildew is mildew! Greenhouse whitefly eggs and waxy deposits outside.
4 As the mildew continues to develop, leaves will start to curl up. Photo Steven Koike, UCCE
5 Powdery mildew can cause underlying leaf tissue to turn red to purple. Photo Steven Koike, UCCE
6 Immature fruit colonized by powdery mildew can ripen unevenly and support extensive mycelial growth. Photo Steven Koike, UCCE
7 More powdery mildew infects immature fruit, which later ripen and can be covered with fungal growth.
8 Causal organism Podosphaera aphanis (previously named Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragariae). Podosphaera aphanis has a narrow host range and ONLY infects cultivated and wild strawberry species.
9 Spores of P. aphanis are barrel shaped, whitish to clear, and form distinctive chains Photo Steven Koike, UCCE
10 Powdery mildew Like most mildews, fungus grows outside of the host. Asexual spores called conidia are mostly formed, but P. aphanis also forms sexual ascospores which form inside of tiny brown spherical structures called chasmothecia.
11 Chasmothecia of powdery mildew. Photo credit: David Gadoury, Cornell University
12 Role of ascospores in California Very rare. strawberries Have not yet seen a chasmothecium in California.
13 Source of powdery mildew in California strawberries. Established plants such as volunteer strawberry and second year strawberry. Nursery plants. Possibility of ascospores serving a role.
14 Conditions amenable to powdery mildew development. 50 o - 70 o F and 75% relative humidity. Free moisture (rain and accumulated fog) as inhibiting growth of mildew. Even worse in strawberries under structures: Absence of free moisture, lowered UV and elevated humidity.
15 2015 Mildew Trial Pristine-Switch-Pristine- Switch-Pristine-Switch Pristine-Switch-Pristine- Fracture 24 fl oz- Pristine-Fracture 24 fl oz Pristine-Fracture 24 fl oz-pristine-fracture- Pristine Switch Pristine-Fracture 24 fl oz-pristine-switch- Pristine-Fracture 24 fl oz
16 2015 Powdery mildew trial (cont d) Vivando 10.3 fl oz Vivando 15.4 fl oz Procure-Quintec-Pristine-Procure-Quintec- Pristine Procure-Quintec-Fracture-Procure-Quintec- Fracture Procure-Quintec-Fracture 18.3 fl oz Procure- Quintec-Fracture 18.3 fl oz
17 2015 Powdery mildew trial (cont d) Ph-D Ph-D + 3 lb Captan Pristine-Switch-Pristine-Fracture 18.3 fl oz-pristine-fracture 18.3 fl oz Procure-Fracture 18.3 fl oz- Pristine-Fracture 18.3 fl oz- Quintec-Pristine Pristine-Fracture 18.3 fl oz-pristine-fracture 18.3 fl oz- Pristine-Switch Pristine-Fracture 18.3 fl oz-pristine-switch-pristine-fracture 18.3 fl oz Procure-Fracture 24 -Pristine-Fracture 24-Quintec-Pristine
18 2015 Powdery mildew trial (cont d) Quadris Top Elevate 1.5 lb Pyriofenone 4 & 5 fl oz Switch OSO 5% OSO 5% alt w Pristine Merivon
19 2015 Powdery mildew trial (cont d) Fontelis 16 fl oz Fontelis 24 fl oz Untreated check
20 July 13 August 14 1 Treatment Name Mean Mean 2 Pristine-Switch-Pristine- Switch-Pristine-Switch 4.85 a 4.88 a-f 3 Pristine-Switch-Pristine- Fracture 24-Pristine-Fracture ab 2.35 d-h 4 Pristine-Switch-Pristine-Fracture 18.3-Pristine-Fracture c 3.27 c-g 5 Pristine-Fracture Pristine-Fracture 18.3-Pristine-Switch 2.58 abc 3.34 c-g 6 Pristine-Fracture 24-Pristine-Fracture-Pristine - Switch 0.61 c 2.33 e-h 7 Pristine-Fracture 24-Pristine-Switch-Pristine-Fracture abc 3.74 b-g 8 Vivando 10.3 fl oz 0.63 c 0.20 hi 9 Vivando 15.4 fl oz 2.49 abc 2.41 d-h 10 Procure-Quintec-Pristine-Procure-Quintec-Pristine 3.63 ab 6.11 a-d 11 Procure-Quintec-Fracture-Procure-Quintec-Fracture 3.94 ab 3.42 c-g 12 Procure-Quintec-Fracture 18.3 Procure-Quintec-Fracture a 8.06 ab 13 Procure-Fracture 24 -Pristine-Fracture 24-Quintec-Pristine 2.96 abc 7.46 abc 14 Ph-D 4.27 a 4.88 a-f 15 Ph-D + 3 lb Captan 2.48 abc 4.32 a-g 16 Procure-Fracture Pristine-Fracture Quintec-Pristine 2.14 abc 6.00 a-e 17 Procure-Fracture 18.3-Pristine-Switch-Pristine-Fracture abc 4.13 a-g 18 Quadris Top 1.24 bc 1.42 ghi 19 Elevate 1.5 lb 3.26 ab 6.45 abc 20 Pyriofenone 5 fl 1.95 abc 3.41 c-g 21 Switch 2.70 abc 1.90 f-i 22 OSO 5% 3.37 ab 5.48 a-e 23 OSO 5% alt w Pristine 3.45 ab 6.23 abc 24 Untreated control 4.60 a 8.51 a 25 Merivon 0.61 c 0.00 i 26 Fontelis 16 fl oz 2.33 abc 4.79 a-f 27 Fontelis 24 fl oz 2.54 abc 1.31 ghi
21 Recommendations for growers
22 Product Active Ingredient Mode of Action Fungicide grouping (FRAC)* Merivon Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Complex II in fungal respiration + Quinone outside inhibitor Torino cyflufenamid unknown U6 Micronized sulfur Multi-site inorganic M2 Sulfur** Pristine Boscalid + pyraclostrobin Complex II in fungal respiration + Quinone outside inhibitor Abound Azoxystrobin Quinone outside inhibitor Quintec quinoxyfen G-proteins in early cell signaling (proposed) Rally 40 W myclobutanil demethylation inhibitor 3 Procure triflumizole demethylation inhibitor 3 M-Pede** Potassium salts of fatty acids soap NC
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