Visual Thinking for Design Colin Ware
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1 Visual Thinking for Design Colin Ware
2 How much do we see? We do not have the entire visual world in conscious awareness We apprehend only a tiny fraction of information in our surrounding Just the right amount of information Simons and Levin s experiment
3 The Door Study
4 The Selection Attention Test
5 How much do we see?
6 X B (Cover your left eye, look at X, move your head back and forward ) Do you find B disappear at some point?
7 How much do we see? We do not have the entire visual world in conscious awareness We apprehend only a tiny fraction of information in our surrounding Just the right amount of information But we can sample the world around us very rapidly with swift eye movement (900 degrees /second and stop in 1/10 second) Although we have very little attention capacity. Unimportant things are discarded A good use of our cognition ability is very important to keep our brain small To see only what we attend to and only attend to what we see
8 Visual Thinking and Queries Visual thinking the process of allocating attention Visual thinking consists of a series of acts of attention, driving eye movements and turning our pattern finding circuits The act of attention is called visual query search for pattern We are conscious of the field of information that we have rapid access rather than the entire world Being aware of this allows us to do a better graphics design
9 Visual Thinking and Queries
10 Eye digital camera Light sensitive cones three colors Brain pixels are concentrated in a central region called fovea to process visual detail (100 pts on the top of a pin) Half of our visual brain is to process about 5 % of the visual world Eyeball muscle moves about 900 degree/second (saccade) The Apparatus
11 Eye digital camera Light sensitive cones three colors Brain pixels are concentrated in a central region called fovea to process visual detail (100 pts on the top of a pin) Half of our visual brain is to process about 5 % of the visual world Eyeball muscle moves about 900 degree/second (saccade) The Apparatus
12 Eye digital camera Light sensitive cones three colors Brain pixels are concentrated in a central region called fovea to process visual detail (100 pts on the top of a pin) Half of our visual brain is to process about 5 % of the visual world Eyeball muscle moves about 900 degree/second (saccade) The Apparatus
13 The Act of Perception Two waves of neural activity Information driven wave Attention driven wave Bottom up and top down perception
14 The Act of Perception Two waves of neural activity Information driven wave Attention driven wave Bottom up and top down perception
15 The Act of Perception Two waves of neural activity Information driven wave Attention driven wave Bottom up and top down perception
16 Bottom Up Perception Low level features > pattern > object Optical nerve V1 cortex : feature detection edges and contours; color; motion; Features are put together to form patterns textures, long contours, (Gelstat psychology) Visual objects (three in visual working memory at a time) This is why we need external visual aids Not all visual processing is done in visual working memory They are done in parallel by many parts instead The real power lies in pattern finding
17 The Act of Perception Top-down (attention) Driven by the need to accomplish some goals Search for a color then the color feature will be enhanced Eye movement: fast at first, fixation was brief, How does our brain know where to look? Rough map first and then detail searching
18 Design Implication The design should allow visual queries to be processed rapidly and correctly for the cognitive tasks that the display is intended to support Understand the intended cognitive tasks and visual queries What are the cognitive tasks?
19 How We Solve Problems? Nested Loops Outer loop deals with generality (construct a set of steps to solve the problem) Inner loops deal with details (visual search, eye movement, find patterns, etc.)
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