Research on the effects of aerobics on promoting the psychological development of students based on SPSS statistical analysis

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1 Available olie Joural of Chemical ad Pharmaceutical Research, 04, 6(6): Research Article ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Research o the effects of aerobics o promotig the psychological developmet of studets based o SPSS statistical aalysis Yuexia Pa Doghua Uiversity, Chia ABSTRACT As a sport doe uder musical rhythms, aerobics plays a positive role i shape moldig ad temperamet improvemet of sporters. Good metal health serves as the guaratee of college studets study ad life. This paper coducts course desig for 00 studets attedig aerobics courses ad explores the differeces betwee studets early psychological factors ad later oes i a view to puttig forward a more effective way to raise the metal health level of college studets. This paper firstly desigs the course goal, course cotet, traiig frequecy ad traiig form of aerobics i uiversities, providig a basis for the research o the extet to which aerobics promotes the metal health of college studets. The it explais the priciple ad operatio steps of idepedet-samples T-test i detail. This paper focuses o the differeces betwee studets early psychological factors ad later oes. As t ad P value resultig from T-test are importat statistical parameters that reflect such differece, it provides a theoretical basis o the extet to which aerobics promotes the metal health of studets. A questioaire for SCL-90 scale is desiged. The questioaire data compares ad aalyzes studets early psychological factors with later oes ad the improvemet effect of each psychological factor after aerobics traiig is obtaied. The coclusio that all psychological factors icludig F-iterpersoal relatioship, D-compulsio, H-depressio, C-paraoid, I-axiety, G-hostility, B-somatizatio, A-psychoticism ad E-phobia show a idex-decliig tred is draw. Key words: Metal health level; atioal orm; psychological factor; SCL-90 scale; idepedet-samples t-test INTRODUCTION With respect to measurig the ideal level of people s qualities, metal health is oe of the most importat criteria. Cotemporary college studets eed ot oly healthy body but also healthy psychology. This paper studies the early ad later psychological factors of studets attedig aerobics course ad explores the extet to which aerobics promotes the metal health of college studets. Great efforts have bee made to study the extet to which sports promotes people s metal health. It is these efforts made by the followig researchers that help those sufferig from psychological sub-health relieve reasoably. Amog these researchers, Che Lihua et al use the more mature Self-rated Health Measuremet Scale(SRHMS) formulated by experts to coduct a trackig survey o the metal health coditios of college studets i Fujia provice []. They fid out the situatio of how the metal health of college studets could be improved through aerobics teachig. Wag Dada et al employ the documetatio method, questioaire survey method, iterview method ad mathematical statistical method to ivestigate the metal health of 5 skiers. They arrive at the coclusio that Alpie skiig plays a role i improvig the metal health of skiers ad serves to reduce people s axiety ad depressio ad improve their iterpersoal relatioship []. Yag Xihai et al summarize the relatioship betwee physical exercise ad exercise prescriptio pertaiig to subjective well-beig, depressio, axiety, stress, metal status, self-esteem ad metal health effect ad look forward to the future research i this area [3]. 837

2 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): Based o previous studies, this paper focuses o ie psychological factors of 00 studets attedig aerobics course of a certai uiversity ad ivestigates the differeces betwee studets metal health at early traiig ad their metal health at later traiig. It draws the coclusio that aerobics has sigificat effects o promotig the metal health of college studets.. RESEARCH OBJECTS AND METHODS. Research objects With 00 college studets (35 male studets, 65 female studets) of a certai uiversity attedig the public PE aerobics beig the research object, the SCL-90 scale is used to compare studets psychological factors i the early stage of the aerobics course with the atioal orm. The result is show i table. Tab. : Compariso result of studets psychological factors i the early stage of the aerobics course with the atioal orm SCL-90 scale Psychological factors Natioal orm(n80) Early learers (N00) t P x ± SD x ± SD Psychoticism.55 ± ± P >0.05 Somatizatio.37 ± ± P >0.05 Paraoid.76 ± ± P >0.05 Compulsio.85 ± ± P >0.05 Phobia.37 ± ± P >0.05 Iterpersoal relatioship.88 ± ± P >0.05 Hostility.64 ± ± P >0.05 Depressio.7 ± ± P >0.05 Axiety.57 ± ± P >0.05 I the light of the data from table, we kow that there are o sigificat differeces amog all these psychological factors of studets i the early stage of aerobics traiig.. Research methods Documetatio method:5 joural articles o how sports affect college studets are retrieved from CNKI ad digested i this paper, which provides a theoretical basis for extractig the measurable idicators of college studets psychological chages. Questioaire survey method: This paper desiged the SCL-90 symptom checklist ad used it to coduct the self-assessmet ivestigatio o studets attedig aerobics course. Teachig experimet methodology: Metal health diagosis is coducted o 00 college studets i the early stage of the aerobics course ad i its later stage. As for the experimet scale, the uiversal symptom checklist SCL-90 scale at home ad abroad that is draw up by Derogatis et al is employed i this paper. This table cosists of 90 items ad 9 factors. These 9 factors are psychoticism, somatizatio, paraoid, compulsio, phobia, iterpersoal relatioship, hostility, depressio ad axiety respectively i table. Mathematical statistical method:the mea ad stadard deviatio of sample data are aalyzed ad the idepedet-samples t-test is employed. Through this method, t i two sets of data is calculated ad the correspodig P that displays sigificace level is give. With respect to data processig, the SPSS9.0 statistical software is used..3 Desig of aerobics course The objective of aerobics course is to develop the psychological quality of college studets by way of aerobics. The 00 college studets are 9 ± years old with 35 male studets ad 65 female oes. Course cotet cosists of the followig four sectios: )Collective practice: studets should practice all basic steps for 5 miutes, do body posture exercises for 5 miutes ad complete movemet exercises for 5 miutes with the music rhythm. )Group traiig:studets should coduct teamwork exercises for 0 miutes, mutual istructio for 5 miutes 838

3 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): ad formatio composig for 0 miutes. 3)Role reversal:studets should do this exercise for 5 miutes to cultivate their cofidece. 4)Challege competitio: studets should do this exercise for 0 miutes to cultivate their frustratio capacity through positive competitio. Studets atted the aerobics course twice a week with each course lastig 90 miutes. The form of practice is a combiatio of collective practice ad groupig traiig. The exercise itesity is 0 30 ± times per miute. 3. PRINCIPLE AND STEPS OF INDEPDENT-SAMPELS T-TEST T-test is a statistical quatity used to measure the differeces of mea betwee two differet populatios with a view to determiig whether the tested two idepedet samples origiate from the populatio with the same mea. If the statistical test were to be coducted o these two sets of samples, the followig three requiremets would have to be met. )these two sets of data uder compariso are idepedet from each other ad have o matchig relatioship; )both of these two sets of samples origiate from ormal populatio; 3)mea is the descriptive statistical quatity that is of sigificace to test. Whe two sets of idepedet samples meet the above three requiremets, the operatio steps of t-test are coducted which are show as follows: STEP. Establish ull hypothesis ad alterative hypothesis H The ull hypothesis 0 of two idepedet-samples t-test meas that the meas of two populatios have o sigificat differeces. The mathematical represetatio is show i formula (). H : H µ µ 0; H : µ µ 0 () 0 0 : µ I formula (), ad µ stad for the mea of the first populatio ad that of the secod populatio respectively. STEP. Select test statistics The mea differece of two populatio samples serves as the iferece basis of the mea differece of two populatios. I other words, the mea differece of two sets of samples is used to estimate the mea differece of two populatios. But at this stage the samplig distributio of the mea of two samples should also be paid attetio N( µ, ) to. If the distributios of two populatios are N( µ, ) ad respectively, the samplig distributio µ of two samples mea differece is also positive. Its mea is µ ad variace is. However, uder differet circumstaces, the calculatio of has differet methods. Uder the circumstace of, the variaces of two populatios are ukow but equal. Uder the circumstace of, the variaces of two populatios are ukow ad uequal. Therefore, with respect to the former circumstace, combied variace ca be used as the estimatio of the variaces of two populatios. Its mathematical defiitio is show i formula (). Sp ( ) S + ( ) S + S S () I formula (), ad stad for the variace of the first set of samples ad that of the secod set respectively. ad represet the umber of the first set of samples ad that of the secod set respectively. The variace of the samplig distributio of two samples mea differece is show i formula (3). 839

4 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): Sp + Sp (3) I the latter case, it is of ecessity to employ their variaces respectively. The variace distributio of two samples mea differece ca be computed by formula (4). of the samplig S + S (4) Therefore, the mathematical defiitio of the test statistics of two populatios mea differece is show i formula (5): X T X ( µ µ ) I the case of + free degrees. I the case of, it is subject to the t distributio of ameded freedom of degree. The mathematical defiitio of ameded freedom of degree is show i formula (6):, statistical quatity T is subject to the t distributio of ( ) (5) f + ( S S ) 3 3 S + S (6) STEP3. Calculate the observed value of test statistics ad the probability value P. This step aims to calculate the observed values of statistical quatity F ad T ad the correspodig probability value P. Usig the SPSS software ca automatically help to obtai the statistical quatity F ad probability value P based o the ui-variate variace aalysis method. This software ca also automatically substitute the mea, umber of samples ad variace of samplig distributio ito formula (5), after which the observed values of statistical quatity T ad the correspodig probability value P are obtaied. STEP4. Preset the sigificace level α ad make decisios Firstly, use the F-test to judge whether the variaces of two populatios are equal ad determie the calculatio methods ad results of samplig distributio variace ad freedom degree accordig to the umerical relatioship betwee two variaces. If the probability P of test statistic F is smaller tha the sigificace levelα, the ull hypothesis should be rejected ad the coclusio that there are sigificat differeces betwee the variaces of two populatios could be draw. Otherwise, it is thought that there are o sigificat differeces betwee the variaces of two populatios. The t-test is used to judge whether there are sigificat differeces betwee the meas of two populatios. If the probability value P of t-test statistic is smaller tha the sigificace levelα, the the ull hypothesis should be rejected ad the coclusio that there are sigificat differeces betwee the meas of two populatios could be draw. Otherwise, it is thought that there are o sigificat differeces betwee the meas of two populatios Ultimately, correspodig coclusios are draw accordig to differet statistical objectives. 4. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE AEROBICS COURSE PROMOTES PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 4. Questioaire desig The symptom checklist SCL-90 desiged i this paper requires that apart from fillig i ame, geder ad age, studets should complete the questioaire that cosists of 90 oe-of-five multiple-choice questios. To measure studets curret metal health level more accurately, studets are required to aswer all questios withi 5 miutes. Questioaire topic desig is show i table. 840

5 Questio umber Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): Topic Tab. : Topic desig of symptom checklist Optio Questio umber headache o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 46 difficulty i makig decisios o, slight, moderate, serious, severe hyperaesthesis o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 47 fear of traffic o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 3 over-thikig o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 48 difficulty i breathig o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 4 vertigo o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 49 ow cold, ow hot o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 5 heterosexual boredom o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 50 avoidace because of fear o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 6 demadig perfectio o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 5 empty mid o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 7 o-assertiveess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 5 body tiglig o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 8 complaiig about others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 53 throat ifarctio o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 9 forgetfuless o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 54 hopelessess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 0 cocer about deportmet o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 55 attetio ufocused o, slight, moderate, serious, severe easily agitated o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 56 weak ad feeble o, slight, moderate, serious, severe chest pai o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 57 easy to be ervous o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 3 fear of ope space o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 58 heavy hads ad feet o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 4 activity slowig dow o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 59 thought of death o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 5 suicide o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 60 eatig too much o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 6 ot listeig to others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 6 aoyed with others talk o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 7 tremble o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 6 o idea o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 8 ot trustig others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 63 impulse to hurt others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 9 poor appetite o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 64 wakig up too early o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 0 easy to cry o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 65 washig hads repeatedly o, slight, moderate, serious, severe socially shy o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 66 sleepig ot soud o, slight, moderate, serious, severe lack of security o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 67 watig to throw thigs aroud o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 3 fear for o reaso o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 68 uique thoughts o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 4 out-of-cotrol temper o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 69 sesitive to people o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 5 fear to go out aloe o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 70 restless i a certai place o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 6 blame yourself o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 7 difficulty i doig thigs o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 7 lumbago o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 7 burst of fear o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 8 self-perceived poor skills o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 73 feelig ueasy eatig i a certai place o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 9 self-perceived loeliess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 74 arguig with others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 30 self-perceived depressio o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 75 ervous beig aloe o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 3 excessive worry o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 76 sufferig from ijustice o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 3 o iterest i thigs o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 77 loeliess i the midst of bustle o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 33 fear o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 78 restlessess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 34 emotioal ijury o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 79 o self-idetity o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 35 private busiess kow to others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 80 distortio of thigs o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 36 ot to be uderstood o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 8 shoutig o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 37 ot to be liked o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 8 fear of faitig o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 38 seekig precisio i a slow pace o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 83 feelig at disadvatage o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 39 severe heartbeat o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 84 aoyed because of sex o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 40 ausea o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 85 to be puished because of faults o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 4 iferior to others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 86 doig thigs for quickess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 4 muscular soreess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 87 self-perceived illess o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 43 subject to criticism o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 88 ot close to others o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 44 difficulty i fallig asleep o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 89 feelig guilty o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 45 doig thigs repeatedly o, slight, moderate, serious, severe 90 sick mid o, slight, moderate, serious, severe Use the questioaire topics show i table to assess scores of ie psychological factors. Five optios i the questioaire represet five levels of each idex. All idexes are low-quality oes. I other words, the smaller the score, the better the idex. Amog these five optios, the correspodig scores of o, slight, moderate, serious, ad severe are 0., 0., 0.3, 0.4 ad 0.5 respectively. I terms of the correspodig idexes of psychotic metal factors, g ij if the score of the level of each idex is, the resultig score of a studet s psychotic metal factor is represeted G j by. The calculatio of the mea x ad stadard deviatio SD of that factor is show i formula(7): Topic Optio 84

6 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): G j gi i 00 x G 00 j SD 00 j j 00 ( G j x) (7) I formula (7), stads for the umber of idexes of psychotic metal factors. 4. Result aalysis of the compariso betwee the early scale ad later scale of studets attedig aerobics course Usig the method show i formula (7) ad the questioaire show i table, we ca obtai the SCL-90 scale data i the early stage ad that i the later stage of studets attedig aerobics course. The compariso result of all psychological factor data of the two stages ca be gaied by employig the SPSS9.0 statistical software. Tab. 3: Compariso result of studets early ad later psychological factor data i aerobics course Psychological factor Early learers (N00) Later learers(n00) x ± SD x ± SD Psychoticism.50 ± ± P >0.05 Somatizatio.8 ± ± 0..3 P <0.05 Paraoid.83 ± ± P <0.05 Compulsio.97 ± ± P <0.0 Phobia.34 ± ± P >0.05 Iterpersoal relatioship.96 ± ± P <0.0 Hostility.70 ± ± P >0.05 Depressio.80 ± ± P <0.0 Axiety.66 ± ± P <0.05 I the light of the data i table 3, we kow that i geeral, the factor mea of studets has decreased sigificatly after aerobics traiig. After passig the idepedet-samples t-test, the sigificace level P of three factors icludig somatizatio, paraoid ad axiety is less tha After aerobics traiig, the above three psychological factors of studets have sigificat differeces. From the umerical poit of view, sigificat improvemets have bee achieved. The sigificace level P of three factors icludig compulsio, iterpersoal relatioship ad depressio is less tha 0.0. After aerobics traiig, the above three psychological factors of studets have very sigificat differeces. From the umerical poit of view, very sigificat improvemets have bee achieved. By cotrast, the sigificace level P of three factors icludig psychoticism, phobia ad hostility is more tha There are o sigificat differeces betwee early learers ad later learers. From the umerical poit of view, some improvemets have bee achieved. From the survey, we ca obtai the umber of studets with healthy psychological factors i the early ad later stage of aerobics course, as show i table 4. Tab. 4: Compariso of the umber of studets with healthy psychological factors i the early ad later stage of aerobics course Symbol Psychological factor The umber of healthy studets The umber of healthy studets i the iitial stage(pre) i the later stage(fi) Differece(Err) A Psychoticism B Somatizatio C Paraoid D Compulsio E Phobia F Iterpersoal relatioship G Hostility H Depressio I Axiety By virtue of the data i table 4, we ca get the colum chart of the compariso of the umber of studets with healthy psychological factors i the early stage ad later stage of aerobics course respectively. t P 84

7 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): Fig.: The colum chart of the compariso of the umber of studets with healthy psychological factors i the early stage ad later stage of aerobics course respectively The data i table 4 ad figure origiate from the compariso betwee studets early ad later psychological factor levels ad the data mea of atioal orm show i table. The psychological factor level is see as a healthy oe if it is less tha the atioal om ad the result is show i table 4 ad figure. From the correlatio data, we kow that more tha 50 studets reach the healthy level of three psychological factors icludig somatizatio, phobia ad psychoticism i the early ad later stage of aerobics course. The umber of studets that reach the healthy level of other factors is less tha 50 i the early stage whereas the umber surpasses 50 i the later stage. The umber of studets that reach the healthy level of three psychological factors icludig somatizatio, phobia ad psychoticism is 00. From the perspective of differece levels, the tred is displayed i figure. Fig. : Tred of differece chages betwee the umber of studets who reach the healthy level of aerobics course i the early stage ad the umber i the later stage Figure demostrates that the chage of psychological factors icludig F-iterpersoal relatioship, D-compulsio, H-depressio, C-paraoid, I-axiety, G-hostility, B-somatizatio, A-psychoticism ad E-phobia shows a idex-decliig tred. The goodess of fit reaches THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH AEROBICS PROMOTES THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS From the desig of aerobics course, we ca see that aerobics has sigificat effects o promotig the psychological developmet of studets ad ca ehace studets physical quality. At the same time, it has specific requiremets o the actio carriage ad body shape. As a sport that displays the beauty of huma body, aerobics requires that studets create beauty through their motio. It etirely relies o studets qualities to show the stregth ad beauty of huma body. With the dyamic music, it stimulates studets emotios. Therefore, studets ca raise perceptio of beauty after aerobics traiig. But this also requires that studets should be full of emotio i the laguage trasfer of lower limb through music ad mobilize positive ad healthy high-grade emotio, which is the drivig force of aerobics to promote the psychological developmet of studets. The effects of aerobics o promotig the psychological developmet of studets are elaborated from five aspects i the followig space. )Aerobics ca cultivate the optimistic ad cheerful mood ad mid of college studets. O campuses, aerobics course serves to improve the egative emotios of college studets, release their pressure ad keep the pleasure of mood. )Aerobics ca establish the self-awareess of college studets well. The objectives of aerobics i colleges ad uiversities attach importace to both physical exercise ad stregth traiig. It plays a positive role i improvig the body shape ad temperamet of studets. 843

8 Yuexia Pa J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 04, 6(6): )Aerobics has promotig effects i the formatio process of college studets psychological quality ad willpower. Firstly, as a physical exercise item, aerobics etails practice towards established exercise goals. Ad i the learig process, studets also eed to make efforts to overcome physical ad psychological iertia. This is the carrier of improvig the psychological quality ad willpower. 4)Aerobics is of great help i the formatio of college studets harmoious iterpersoal relatioships. As the aerobics course cosists of group traiig ad role coversio traiig ad cotests are comprised of aerobics for three people, six people ad a group that etails the cooperatio of others, the cotet idispesable to the formatio of iterpersoal relatioships is ivolved i the traiig process of aerobics. 5)Aerobics plays a certai role i healig the adverse metal illess of college studets. The traiig eviromet of aerobics is characterized with musical rhythm, cheerful beat ad moderate stregth. I additio, aerobics is a aerobic group exercise. All these factors help those with psychological disorders let off egative emotios ad sigificatly improve such psychological factors as somatizatio, psychoticism ad phobia. To sum up, aerobics course plays a sigificat role i promotig the psychological developmet of college studets. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION This paper firstly desigs the objectives, cotets, traiig frequecy ad traiig forms of aerobics course, which provides a basis for the research o the extet to which aerobics promotes the metal health level of college studets. The, it elaborates o the priciple ad operatio steps of idepedet-samples t-test. As this research focuses o the differeces of studets psychological factors betwee the early stage ad the later stage of aerobics traiig, t ad P resultig from t-test are importat statistical parameters that reflect such differece. This lays a theoretical foudatio for the research o the extet to which aerobics promotes the psychological developmet of studets. Ultimately, a questioaire for the SCL-90 scale is desiged. The questioaire data compare ad aalyze studets psychological factors betwee the early stage ad later stage ad obtais the improvemet effects of all psychological factors after aerobics traiig. That is, the chages of all psychological factors icludig F-iterpersoal relatioship, D-compulsio, H-depressio, C-paraoid I-axiety, G-hostility, B-somatizatio, A-psychoticism ad E-phobia show a idex-decliig tred. REFERENCES [] CHEN Lihua et al. Sports Humaities. vol.33, o.3,pp.6-7, 03. [] WANG Dada et al. Joural of Harbi Istitute of Physical Educatio. vol.3, o.3, pp.7-76, 03. [3] YANG Xihai et al. Zhejiag Sport Sciece. vol.34, o.6, pp.80-84, 0. [4] WANG Ju. Research o the effects of aerobics o psychological health of college studets [D]. Wuha Istitute of Physical Educatio