Ida Leida M.Thaha, Mega Marindrawati Rochka 1, Muh. Syafar 2

Transcription

1 EFFECT OF PAKEM METHOD (PARTICIPATIVE, ACTIVE, CREATIVE, EFFECTIVE, FUN) METHODE ON SMOKING HABIT OF V ON STUDENTS IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY VOCATIONAL MAKASSAR, Ida Leida M.Thaha, Mega Maridrawati Rochka, Muh. Syafar 2 Epidemiology Depatemet, School of Public Health, Uiversity Hasauddi 2 Health Promotio Departemet, School of Public Health Hasauddi Uiversity Correspodece Address: Ida Leida Maria Perumaha Dose Uhas Blok AC Baru No 5 Kota Makassar, idale_262@yahoo.com

2 ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to determie the effect of PAKEM (Participatory, Active, Creative, Effective, ad Fu) method o smokig habits of studets i vocatioal school of Makassar Idustrial Techology.The study employed a quasi-experimetal desig with radomized pre-test post-test cotrol group. Samples were 70 studets of grade XI of Idustrial techology vocatioal school of Kartika Wirabuaa Makassar. Samples were withdraw with systematic radom samplig. Data were collected with questioaires ad were aalyzed with paired t-test, Wilcoxo test, upaired t-test, ad Ma-Whitey test.the result of the research idicated that there are sigificat PAKEM o smokig habit, amely kowledge, attitudes, ad actios (p=0,000, p=0,000, p=0,000, ad p<0,05), i Makassar Idustrial Vocatioal School of Techology. Key Words: PAKEM,kowledge, attitudes, practice, adolescets. INTRODUCTION Smokig is a epidemic that cotribute to public health problems i the world ad be a risk factor largely prevetable death (Karekla, 2009). Cosumptio cigarette icreased globally (WHO, 203b). The umber of smokers i the world has reached 2.3 billio people (WHO, 203a). I the world today, the whole amoutig to 2% of me ad 7% of wome were smokers (CDC, 202). Idoesia is the third largest tobacco cosumer i the world ad has icreased sigificatly i the last two decades. I Idoesia, amoutig to 67.4% of me ad 4.5% of wome cosistig of 36.% of the populatio (6.4 millio people) curretly smoke. I Idoesia, smokig is The mai forms of tobacco use ad 34.8% (59.9 millio) of the adult populatio curret smoke (WHO, 20). Results of moitorig of Idoesia Commissio for Child Protectio (KPAI) showed that active smokig habits i childre teds to rise ad begis at icreasigly youger age, ie at the ed of school age or adolescece (KPAI, 203). Based o data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey states that oe-third of studets i Idoesia reported tryig the first cigarette before the age of 0 years (Aditama et al, 2008 o the Global Tobacco Free Kids, 203). Data Health Research (Riskesdas) i 203 showed that the average proportio of curret smokers i Idoesia is 29.3%. The proportio of curret smokers every day at age years

3 at 33.4 percet, ages -39 years (32.2%), years (29.8%), years (27.2%), 5-9 years (.2%), ad 0-4 years (0.5%). While the proportio of daily smokers amog me is 47.5%, more i compare female smokers i the amout of.%. Average cigarettes smoked per day populatio aged 0 years was 2.3 stem (equivalet to a pack). The umber of smokers i South Sulawesi is curretly at 27%. A total of 22.8% who smoked every day ad 4.2% who occasioally. The mea umber of cigarettes smoked populatio aged 0 years i South Sulawesi was 4.6% (Miistry of Health, 203). The umber of smokers i the city of Makassar is 22.% or approximately with a average cosumptio is 0.6 cigarettes per day, or about 3 millio cigarettes every day. Of the umber of smokers, there were 2.2% at age 0-4 years with a mea cigarette cosumptio of 5.2 cigarettes per day. A total of 0.8% started smokig daily at the age of 5-9 years ad 7.7% at age 0-4 years (Maidi, 20). A prelimiary survey of smokig behavior coducted i SMK Kartika Wirabuaa shows that of the 6 studets of class X, XI, ad XII as may as 36 studets (5.7%) who smoke. There are at 49.% of studets who smoked every day with the umber of cigarettes smoked is less tha 0 cigarettes (68.4%), 0-20 truk (27.2%), ad more tha 20 cigarettes (4.4%). Smokig behavior coducted i Vocatioal Idustrial Techology showed that of the 206 studets of class X, XI, ad XII as may as 08 studets (52.4%) who smoke. There are at 4.7% of studets who smoked every day with the umber of cigarettes smoked is less tha 0 cigarettes (8.5%), 0-20 truk (3.0%), ad more tha 20 cigarettes (5.6%). Kowledge ad attitudes about the dagers of smokig is oe of the factors that ca lead to adolescet smokig. Youg if it has kowledge ad a positive attitude towards the dagers of smokig will affect their smokig behavior (Maseda et al., 203). Health educatio is a form of primordial prevetio effective to avoid the habit of smokig i adolescets (Subramaia et al., 203). Educatio health has prove effective i improvig kowledge adolescet about the dagers of smoke as well as have chaged adolescet attitude toward cigarette because most tees wat to stop smokig (Salaudee et al., 20). Some forms of health educatio methods ofte do such couselig or lectures, but i fact this method teds to be borig for studets. Therefore, other methods have to be much more iterestig ad ca stimulate a perso to focus o capturig ad uderstadig the iformatio provided i depth. PAKEM (Participatory, Active, Creative, Effective, ad Fu) icludig oe cetered educatioal methods ad participats are iterestig thus creatig motivatio i exploratio ad creativity (Rusma, 202).

4 Research o PAKEM doe by Ekalia (203), showed that the itervetio PAKEM with visual media limb teachers through sigig ad applause gives rise ca be see from the chage for the better after the pretest ad posttest. Aother study coducted by Wu, et al (203) i the form of role play ad a talk show that after the itervetio, the average of the total score icreased from 4.7 attitude to 43.2 (p = 0.00), ad total kowledge score icreased from 6.4 to 8.2 (p <0.00). The average value of the actio is 3.2 (maximum score = 50) ad the results showed that scores the actios associated with attitudes rather tha kowledge. Ati-smokig programs are coducted o high school studets produce positive chages both the kowledge ad attitudes ad effective i helpig to prevet smokig amog adolescets. This study aimed to determie the effect PAKEM (Participatory, Active, Creative, Effective, ad Fu) o the smokig behavior of studets Vocatioal Idustrial Techology Makassar. MATERIALS AND METHODS Locatio Research The research was coducted i SMTI Makasssar ad SMK Kartika Wirabuaa Makassar. The choice of locatio is based o the umber of the male studets i private vocatioal school i Makassar. Both of these schools are schools located i differet sub-districts so that a give itervetio ca be cotrolled ad reduce the bias effect of educatio. Desig ad Research Variables This type of research is a quasi-experimetal (quasi-experimetal) to desig a radomized pre-test post-test cotrol group desig that aims to determie the effect o smokig behavior PAKEM vocatioal studets Makassar City Idustrial Techology. Populatio ad Sample The populatio i this study were all male studets smokers obtaied from prelimiary studies ad active registered as a Class XI studet of SMK Kartika Wirabuaa Makassar 5 people ad Techological Idustry Makassar may as 36 people, with a total populatio of as may as 5. Based o a large The sample obtaied sample size for each group that is i the itervetio group of people ad a cotrol group of people. So that the total sample size is 70 people. Samplig was doe by systematic radom samplig.

5 Data Collectio Primary data obtaied prelimiary survey of studet smokers prelimiary study of smokig behavior i SMK Kartika Wirabuaa ad Vocatioal Idustrial Techology Makassar. Primary data were obtaied directly from observatios durig the research process, i which the itervetio group was give PAKEM ad the cotrol group was oly give couselig ad observed ad recorded the developmet ad progress by researchers for 7 weeks. Collectig data by questioaire icludes questios about the characteristics of the respodets, kowledge, attitudes, ad actios are completed by the respodet. Data Aalysis Uivariate aalysis coducted to gai a overview of the research problem by describig each of the variables used i this study, amely by lookig at the picture of the frequecy ad distributio of a sigle percetage related to the research objectives. Bivariate aalysis was coducted to aalyze the differeces betwee the idepedet variables ad the depedet variable. Because of this desig usig a quasi-experimetal study, we used two differet test mea of the depedet ad idepedet two differet test mea. RESULTS Characteristics of Respodets Results of uivariate aalysis illustrates the distributio of respodets by respodet characteristics (age, if a family member at home who ever smoked ad have a family member at home who still smoke) ad a descriptio of the respodets' kowledge of smokig variables. Age of respodets i the itervetio group is at most 7 years of age as may as 23 people (65.7%) ad the least was 6 years old, 2 people (34.3%), whereas for the cotrol group is at most 7 years of age as may as 8 people (5.4 %) ad the least was the age of 5 years as much as oe perso (2.9%) (Table ). Characteristics of respodets by family members at home who ever smoked as may as 30 people (85.7%) i the itervetio group ad 26 (74.3%) i the cotrol group. Characteristics of respodets by family members at home who still smoke are i the itervetio group of 24 people (68.6%) are members of a family home is still smokig ad o-smokig as may as people (3.4%), whereas i the cotrol group were 22 persos (62.9%) were family members at home is still smokig ad o-smokig as may as people (3.4%) (Table ).

6 Scorig average (mea) of the respodets' kowledge of smokig i both study groups are i the itervetio group durig pre-test was 5:57, o the post-test icreased to 22:54 ad durig the post-test 2 icreased the mea value becomes 23:20. Whereas the cotrol group showed that the average score of respodets' kowledge about smokig at the time of the pretest is 3.69, the post-test icreased to 8:03 ad durig the post-test 2 decreased the mea value becomes 6.83 (Table 2). The average score (mea) respodets' attitudes about smokig i both study groups are i the itervetio group durig pre-test is 63.80, the post-test icreased to 86.83, ad i post-test 2 icreased the mea value becomes Whereas the cotrol group showed that the average score of respodets' attitudes about smokig at the time of the pre-test is 62.69, the post-test icreased to , ad at the post-test 2 decreased the mea value becomes (Table 2). O average the act of smokig respodets based o the umber of cigarettes smoked per day (rod) i both study groups are i the itervetio group durig pre-test is 7.06 (± 7 cigarettes per day) ad so does the post-test, o chages i the mea Smokig average respodet is still 7:06. But i post-test 2 decreased the mea value is the average umber of cigarettes the respodet be 2:57 (± 3 cigarettes per day). Sedagkka i the cotrol group showed that the average umber of cigarettes the respodet at the time of the pre-test was 9.77 (± 0 cigarettes per day ad the post-test, o chages i the average cigarette respodets are still 9.77 (± 0 cigarettes per day). But there is decrease i the average umber of cigarettes respodets were 7.69 (± 8 stems per day) durig the post-test 2 (Table 2). Bivariate Aalysis Havig give PAKEM i pre-test to post-test 2, a icrease i the average value scores (mea) respodets' kowledge about cigarettes ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05), which idicates that there are sigificat differeces i mea scores (mea) kowledge of the respodet at the time of the pretest ad post-test 2, so it ca be cocluded that there was a effect o kowledge PAKEM respodets about cigarettes. Whereas the cotrol group showed that durig the pre-test to posttest 2, a icrease i the average value scores (mea) of the respodets' kowledge of smokig after beig give couselig ad without givig cotrol every week. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05), which idicates that there are sigificat differeces i mea scores (mea) kowledge of the respodet at the time of the pre-test ad post-test 2, so it

7 ca be cocluded that there was a effect of extesio methods to kowledge respodets about cigarettes (Table 3). A icrease i the average score (mea) respodets' attitudes about smokig after beig give PAKEM ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks durig the pre-test to post-test 2. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05) showed that there are sigificat differeces i mea scores (mea) the attitude of the respodets at the time of the pre-test ad post-test 2, so it ca be cocluded that there was a effect o the attitudes of respodets PAKEM about cigarettes. Whereas the cotrol group showed a icrease i the average value of scores (mea) respodets' attitudes about smokig after beig give couselig ad without givig cotrol every week durig the pre-test to post-test 2. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p < 0.05) shows that there is a sigificat differece o average scores (mea) attitude of respodets at the time of the pre-test ad post-test 2, so that it ca be cocluded that there was a effect of extesio methods o attitudes about smokig respodets (Table 4). Variable actio, a declie i the average umber of cigarettes smoked respodets after give PAKEM ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks durig the pre-test to post-test 2. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05) that shows that there is a sigificat differece the average umber of cigarettes the respodet at the time of the pre-test ad posttest 2, so it ca be cocluded that there was a effect of the act of smokig PAKEM respodets. A declie i the average umber of cigarettes smoked respodets after beig give couselig ad without givig cotrol every week durig the pre-test to post-test 2. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05), which idicates that there are sigificat differeces the average umber of cigarettes the respodet at the time of the pre-test ad post-test 2, so it ca be cocluded that o extesio method to measure the effect of smokig respodets (Table 5). Compariso betwee the itervetio group ad the cotrol group based o the results of statistical tests obtaied durig pre-test p = 0.00 (p <0.05) showed that there are sigificat differeces i the average scores of kowledge respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. Statistical test results whe the post-test that the value of p = (p <0.05) showed o sigificat differece i mea score of kowledge respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. Statistical test results whe the post-test 2 was obtaied p value = (p <0.05) showed o sigificat differece i mea score of kowledge respodets betwee the itervetio group ad the cotrol group (Table 6).

8 Variable attitude, statistical test results obtaied durig pre-test p = (p> 0.05), which idicates that there was o sigificat differece i the average score of the attitude of the respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. Statistical test results whe the posttest that the value of p = (p <0.05) showed o sigificat differece i the average score of the attitude of the respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. Statistical test results whe the post-test 2 was obtaied p value = (p <0.05) showed o sigificat differece i the average score of the attitude of the respodets betwee the itervetio group ad the cotrol group (Table 6). Variable actio, the results of statistical tests obtaied durig pre-test p = 067 (p> 0.05), which idicates that there was o sigificat differece i the average umber of cigarettes respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. Statistical test results whe the posttest that the value of p = 067 (p> 0.05) showed o sigificat differece i the average umber of cigarettes respodets betwee the itervetio ad cotrol groups. However, the results of statistical tests whe the post-test 2 was obtaied p value = (p <0.05), idicatig o sigificat differece i the average score of the act of smokig respodets betwee the itervetio group ad the cotrol group (Table 6). DISCUSSION This study shows that a icrease i the average scores (mea) studets' kowledge of smokig after beig give PAKEM ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks. The results of statistical tests for the variables of kowledge obtaied p value = which idicates that there is a sigificat differece o average scores (mea) kowledge before ad after the itervetio. So it ca be cocluded that there is ifluece PAKEM o studets' kowledge of smokig. Variable attitude durig the pre-test to post-test 2 a icrease i the average score (mea) respodets' attitudes about smokig after beig give PAKEM ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05), which idicates that there are sigificat differeces i mea scores (mea) the attitude of the respodet at the time of the pre-test ad post-test 2, so it ca be cocluded that there was a effect o attitudes PAKEM respodets about cigarettes. A icrease i the average score (mea) kowledge ad attitudes about smokig are caused by the itervetio PAKEM give. Givig cigarette material that combies several methods, alog with the help of various tools ad media make the process of givig the material becomes active, creative, effective ad fu. This makes participats be iterested, more

9 cocetrated ad easier to absorb the material provided so that respodets ca uderstad the material well ad affect respodets' attitudes about smokig. Variable actio durig the pre-test to post-test 2 decreased the average umber of cigarettes smoked after give PAKEM ad givig cotrol every week for 7 weeks. Statistical test results obtaied value of p = (p <0.05), which idicates that there are sigificat differeces i the average umber of cigarettes the respodet whe the pre-test ad post-test 2, so it ca be cocluded that there was a effect of smokig respodets PAKEM actio. A decrease i the average umber of cigarettes smoked durig the pre-test to post-test 2 is affected by the provisio of smokig material with PAKEM ad accompaied by a daily joural cotrol act of smokig respodets. Respodets suggested alterative solutios to the problem of smokig they are about what they kow, what they eed to kow ad what they eed to carry forward related to the smokig problem. This affects the respodet's decisio to apply the problem-solvig i everyday life that is chagig the act of smokig by reducig the umber of cigarettes smoked slowly. This study is i lie with research coducted Ekalia (203), the autistic studet i Special Educatio classes to mastery of subject matter limb Natural Scieces showed that the itervetio PAKEM with visual media limb teachers through sigig ad clappig showed more chage well after the pre-test ad post-test. Before the itervetio through the use PAKEM, learig outcomes mastery of limbs i childre with autism i the first grade Special Educatio State Seduri Mojosari very low betwee ± ad after the itervetio showed o marked chage with icreasig values ± Here's a table sythesis of exposure to various studies that have bee described previously. Aother study by Saptaigrum (200), idicates that the applicatio of PAKEM with a thematic approach is oe of the strategies to eable ad assist studets i buildig their ow kowledge with keterlibatya i the learig process, so that studets better uderstad the subject matter. Aother study coducted by Wu et al (203), to show the effect of school-based tobacco prevetio program o kowledge ad attitudes of high school studets i Taiwa. Tobacco prevetio programs amog high school studets coducted i the form of role play ad lectures. Role play is doe is play the role of smokig-related rejected offers from frieds ad about the dagers of smokig. The results showed that after the itervetio, the average of the total score icreased from 4.7 attitude to 43.2 (p = 0.00), ad total kowledge score icreased from 6.4 to 8.2 (p <0.00). The mea value -rata actio is 3.2 (maximum score = 50) ad the results

10 showed that scores the actios associated with attitudes rather tha kowledge. Ati-smokig programs are coducted o high school studets produce positive chages both the kowledge ad attitudes ad effective i helpig to prevet smokig amog adolescets. Kaicka et al (203), coducted research o the effect of health educatio programs o ati-tobacco 8th grade juior high school studets i Bialystok. Ati-tobacco health educatio give i this study is i the form of exposure to photograph, film about the dagers of smokig, the method game by playig the role (role-play) ad discussio. The results showed that studets' kowledge about the egative effects of smokig showed a icrease i kowledge after gettig a health educatio program (photos, movies, role play, ad discussio). I the itervetio group studets' kowledge icreased 2.7% with p <0.00, ie, the female studets (P <0.00) ad male studets (P = 0.044) were ot foud i the cotrol group. This meas there is a sigificat effect of health educatio program of ati-smokig to chage studets' kowledge of smokig. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based o the research o the effects o smokig behavior PAKEM o 70 respodets, it was cocluded that there was a effect PAKEM to kowledge, attitudes, ad the act of smokig studets Techological Idustrial Makassar, meaig PAKEM effective i improvig kowledge ad attitudes about smokig cigarettes ad lowerig actio. Researchers suggest the eed for health educatio about smokig by usig PAKEM to improve kowledge ad attitudes about smokig cigarettes ad lowerig actio o male ad female studets at various levels of schools both public ad private schools i the city of Makassar. I additio, the eed to coduct research related to PAKEM cigarette i a loger period of time so that more targeted research to quit smokig completely. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thak the Pricipal ad teachers i Vocatioal Idustrial Techology ad Vocatioal Kartika Wirabuaa Makassar Makassar o prohibitio of implemetig this study at the school. Also to all the studets who participated were respodets of this study, as well as all those who have helped the implemetatio of this study.

11 REFERENCES Aqib, Zaial. (203). Models, Media, ad Cotextual Learig Strategies (Iovative). New York: Publisher Yrama Widya. Ceters for Disease Cotrol ad Prevetio (CDC). (202). Summary Health Statistics for US Adults: Natioal Health Iterview Survey, 20. Vital ad Health Statistics Series 0, Number 256, Data From the Natioal Health Iterview Survey. Ekalia, Rata. (203). The use of PAKEM (Active, Creative, Effective, ad Fu) Mastery Of Limbs Lesso Materials Sciece i Autistic Childre. Joural of Special Educatio, July 203, Volume, Number. Global Tobacco-Free Kids. (203). The fact Burde of Tobacco: Idoesia is ot ratify the Framework Covetio o Tobacco Cotrol). Accessed o October 2, 203 ( ). Kaicka, Magdalea, et al. (203). Differeces i the Effects of Ati-Tobacco Health Educatio Programme I The Areas of Kowledge, Attitude ad Behavior, With Respect to Nicotiism Amog Boys Ad Girls. Aals of Agricultural ad Evirometal Medicie, 203, Vol 20, No., Karekla, Maria, et al. (2009). Smokig Prevalece ad Tobacco Exposure Amog Adolescets i Cyprus. Europea Joural of Public Health, Vol. 9, No. 6, May Published by Oxford Uiversity Press o Behalf of the Europea Public Health Associatio. Miistry of Health. (203). Health Research (Riskesdas) Year 203 Report of the Health Research. Agecy for Health Research ad Developmet Miistry of the Republic of Idoesia. Idoesia Commissio for Child Protectio (KPAI). (203). Save the Childre from Dager Cigarette. Retrieved o October 2, 203. ( ) Maidi, Alimi. (20). Ecoomic Loss Due to HIV-AIDS ad Cigarettes (Ecoomic Lost Due to HIV-AIDS ad Tobacco). Makassar: Hasauddi Uiversity School of Public Health. Maseda, Devita, et al. (203). Relatioship of Kowledge ad Attitudes About the Dagers of Smokig With Smokig Behavior I Youg Me I SMA Negeri Tompasobaru. Ejoural Nursig (e-kp) Volume Number August, 203. Rusma. (202). Models of Learig, Developig Teacher Professioalism. Jakarta: Eagle Press.

12 Salaudee, Adekule, et al. (20). Effects of Health Educatio o Cigarette Smokig Habits of Youg Adults i Tertiary Istitutios i a Norther Nigeria State. Health Sciece Joural Volume 5, Issues 3 (20) pp: E-ISSN: X. Saptaigrum, Erawati ad Mady Kusdaryai. (200). Model PAKEM Through Thematic Approach To Learig Elemetary Sciece. JP2F, Volume Number April 200. Subramaia, Magala ad Chaitali A Gore. (203). A Itervetioal Study o the Chage i the Kowledge of High School Studets Regardig Ill Effects of Tobacco Use. Asia Joural of Applied Scieces (ISSN: ) Volume 0 Issue 04, October 203. World Health Orgaizatio (WHO). (20). Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Idoesia Report 20. Accessed o October 2, 203. ( 0.pdf ). World Health Orgaizatio (WHO). (203a). Report O The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 203. Accessed o October 2, 203. ( ). World Health Orgaizatio (WHO). (203b). Tobacco. Accessed o October 2, 203. ( ). Wu, Ma-Tzu Marcie, et al. (203). The Impact Of A Pharmacist-coducted Iteractive Ati-Smokig Educatio Program o the Attitudes ad Kowledge o High School Studets). Scietific Research, Creative Educatio Vol.4 7,

13 APPENDIX Table. Characteristics of respodets i the itervetio group ad the cotrol group i Makassar 204 Characteristics of Respodets Age 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years Is There Ever Family members at home who smoke Yes Not Is There Still a Family Member at home who smoke Yes Not Source: Primary Data Itervetio group Cotrol group % %

14 Table 2. Characteristics of the respodets by a score of kowledge, attitude, ad the act of smokig i the itervetio group ad the cotrol group durig pretest, post-test ad post-test 2 i Makassar 204 Value Statistics Itervetio group Miimum Maximum Cotrol group Miimum Maximum Value Statistics Itervetio group Miimum Maximum Cotrol group Miimum Maximum Value Statistics Itervetio group Miimum Maximum Cotrol group Miimum Maximum Kowledge Score Pre-Test Post-Test :57 2, , :54 2, :03,58 Post-Test :20 2, ,065 Attitude Scores Pre-Test Post-Test Post-Test , Actio (average umber of cigarettes) Pre-Test Post-Test Post-Test : : :57 2,

15 Table 3. Scores of kowledge respodets i the itervetio group ad the cotrol group durig pre-test, post-test ad post-test 2 i Makassar 204 Value Statistics Itervetio group SE Kowledge Score Pre-Test Post-test Post-test 2 5:57 2, :54 2, p value Cotrol group SE 3.69, :03, p value :20 2, , Table 4. Score attitudes of respodets i the itervetio group ad the cotrol group durig pre-test, post-test ad post-test 2 i Makassar 204 Value Statistics Itervetio group SE Cotrol group SE Attitude Scores Pre-Test Post-test , , , ,767 Post-test ,485, ,446 P value p = p = 0.000

16 Table 5. Scores actio da respodets i the itervetio group while the cotrol group pre-test, post-test ad post-test 2 i Makassar 204 Value Statistics Itervetio group SE Cotrol group SE Score Measures Pre-Test Post-test 7: , ,645 7: , ,645 Post-test 2 2:57 2, ,400 P value p = p = Table 6. Differeces i the respodets' kowledge scores i the itervetio group ad the cotrol group durig pre-test, post-test ad post-test 2 i Makassar 204 Value Statistics Rak Kowledge Pre-test Post-test Post-test 2 Cotrol Itervetio Cotrol Itervetio group group group group Itervetio group : Cotrol group 8.80 p value Attitude SE 0 86,722 08, , ,767 7,485, ,446 p value Actio Rak p value