Chapter 43 Notes How is a walled city like your immune system?

Transcription

1 Chapter 43 Notes How is a walled city like your immune system? St. Malo 1

2 AP Biology Agenda 1. Warm Up 5 2. Finish Respiration Notes Immune System Notes Immune System Graphic Organizer 5 5. Immune System Practice Questions Immune System Reading Immune System Video If Time Allows Announcements Due April 25: Immune System Reading/Answers and Week 11 Spring Assignments Thursday, April 24, 3 PM 4:20 PM: Make up missed assignments/come in for help. Thursday, May 1st: Unit 6 Review and AP Biology Test Prep 3:00 5:15 PM 2

3 Chapter 42 Notes 4. Loading and unloading O2 and CO2 a) Controlled by partial b) O2 carried by (contains Fe) c) CO2 is primarily in (HCO3 ) form 5. Adaptations of diving mammals *High O2 storage, most of O2 is in blood, big. 3

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5 review Chapter 42 Notes 5

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7 Practice Question The graph above shows the oxygen dissociation curves of maternal hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin. Based on the graph it can be concluded that a. fetal hemoglobin surrenders O 2 more readily than maternal hemoglobin b. the dissociation curve of fetal hemoglobin is to the right of maternal hemoglobin. c. fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O 2 than does maternal hemoglobin. d. fetal and meternal hemoglobin differ in structure. 7

8 Practice Question 8

9 Chapter 43 Notes: Immune System 9

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12 Chapter 43 Notes Chapter 43 Notes: The Body's Defenses I. Non Specific System A. First Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes 1. Act as a physical barrier to 2. Low ph in fluids ie) tears 3. aack bacterial cell walls B. Line of Defense 1. Phagocyc White Blood Cells or a) abundant, but kill only once and die b) become ( big eaters ) c) contain destrucve enzymes in granules 2. Natural Killer Cells aack body s own infected cells 3. Proteins a) helpers that lyse microbes b) released by infected cells (an virals) 4. Inflammatory response via and prostaglandins 5. induce fever and inhibit growth of bacteria 12

13 Chapter 43 Notes II. Specific System (Immune System) A. Basic Features: 1. Specificity One for every angen ( ) 2. Diversity Can recognize lots of different angens 3. Self/Non self Recognion (Figure 43.9) a) Self Tolerance There are NO Ag receptors for self (Excepon= autoimmune diseases) b) MHC Major Histocompability Complex also known as (Class I or II glycoproteins on the cell surface) 4. Acquired immunity (remembers Ags) a) Primary Response Selecon (Figure 43.6) When angen binds, the lymphocyte divides > specific effector cells are produced b) Secondary Response Faster (Because of memory cells) B. Immunity Acve (like Shots) or (Mom provides fetus) 13

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18 C. B and T 1. Originate in bone marrow stem cells 2. Equipped with receptors 3. Effector cells are (B cells) and T cells D. Angen (Ag) Anbody (Ab) Specificity (See Figure 43.14) 1. Abs recognize a localized surface on Ag (called an ) * One Ag may have several epitopes 2. Ab variable region (binds to Ag) constant region (part that "takes care of" Ag) 3. Ab may destroy by blocking Ag sites ( ), by clumping proteins together (agglunaon), or by acvang the complement proteins that lyse the pathogen (Figure 43.16) 18

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22 Chapter 43 Notes E. Humoral and Cell Mediated Responses via Lymphocytes 1. Response Abs are secreted by lymphocytes as soluble proteins that work on toxins, bacteria, and viruses in body fluids *B cells mature in marrow *Acvaon Method 1 cells bind to surface receptors of Ags Method 2 a) A macrophage that has eaten an Ag (becoming an angen presenng cell) is recognized by helper T cells which latch on to class MHC markers b) T cells that are acvated produce a specific Ag receptor c) cells smulate B cells to make plasma effector cells d) Anbodies are produced by the plasma cells. 22

23 2. Response Lymphocytes destroy bacteria and viruses in host s cells and fungi, protozoa, and worms *T cells mature in the gland Helper and Cytotoxic T cells *Acvaona) MHC Class I and II markers are a red flag to T cells b) Helper T cells bind to APCs and release cytokines (like ) which through posive feedback make more helper T cells c) Cytotoxic T cells recognize class MHC markers and release to kill infected cells 23

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25 Immune Graphic Organizer Non specific defense Immune System Specific defense B cell T cell Humoral immunity Cell mediated immunity Skin Macrophage Antimicrobial proteins Mucous membranes Antigen Presenting Cell Antibodies Helper T cell 25

26 Immune Graphic Organizer Non specific defense Immune System Specific defense B cell T cell Humoral immunity Cell mediated immunity Skin Macrophage Antimicrobial proteins Mucous membranes Antigen Presenting Cell Antibodies Helper T cell 26

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28 Reading 28

29 Immune System Notes 29

30 Mr. Anderson Video

31 Exit Question How is the immune system like a walled city? Reminders Due April 25: Immune System Reading/Answers and Week 11 Spring Assignments Thursday, April 24, 3 PM 4:20 PM: Make up missed assignments/come in for help. Thursday, May 1st: Unit 6 Review and AP Biology Test Prep 3:00 5:15 PM 31