Ethnic Conflict. The national boundaries established by Europeans have left many African countries with competing ethnic and religious groups

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1 The national boundaries established by Europeans have left many African countries with competing ethnic and religious groups This has led to instability and conflict in many countries, including Nigeria and Rwanda. Ethnic Conflict

2 Corrupt Governments Because of colonization, African countries had not developed any traditions of democracy. Many leaders who helped gain independence became dictators, remained in power for decades, and stole millions from their own countries.

3 Jean Bedel Bokassa, Emperor of Central Africa by the will of the Central African people, united within the national political party, the MESAN

4 Francisco Macias Nguema, President for Life, Immaculate Apostle of Steel, and Unique Miracle of Equitorial Giunea

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6 His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin, VC, DSO, MC, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea, and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular and the Most Ubiquitous of all King of Scotland.

7 Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga

8 The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, will go from conquest to conquest leaving fire in his wake.

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10 Coltan Diamonds

11 Resource Extraction Many African countries have valuable resources, including oil, gold, diamonds, and things you ve never heard of, like coltan. Reliance on money from mining has made it less likely that these countries will make money through manufacturing or other businesses which create good jobs

12 Resource problems African countries often lack the technology to mine and drill, so they become dependent on outsiders to develop the resources. Nigeria is one of the world s biggest oil producers, yet 92 % of Nigerians live on less than $ 2 per day. A small elite makes most of the profit from oil.

13 Environmental pressures Global warming is causing major droughts in Africa and deserts are spreading at alarming rates. Since most Africans are smallscale subsistence farmers (i.e. they eat what they grow), climate change is making it even more difficult for Africans to feed themselves.

14 Urbanization As the lives of subsistence farmers gets more difficult, many have flocked into rapidly growing cities.

15 Urbanization As the lives of subsistence farmers gets more difficult, many have flocked into rapidly growing cities. This has led to overcrowding, strained resources, and increased spread of diseases.

16 Health Challenges HIV/AIDS has devastated many African countries. Some countries in Southern Africa have as many as 20% of the population test positive for HIV.

17 AIDS: Contributing Factors Rates of HIV are far higher in Africa than anywhere else in the world. Reasons why rates are so high include lack of prevention education, lack of access to medical treatment, and many husbands living apart fro their families for work.

18 Impact of AIDS Millions have died of AIDS, reducing life expectancy in some African countries to as low as 40 years. Millions of children have become orphans because both parents have died.

19 Impact of AIDS Millions have died of AIDS, reducing life expectancy in some African countries to as low as 40 years. Millions of children have become orphans because both parents have died. The economy has been impacted as skilled workers can no longer be productive.

20 Other Health Issues Malaria affects millions of children every year. It can be fatal or create chronic, lifetime health problems. Malnutrition is still a problem in many of Africa s least developed countries.