EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GIARDIASIS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN JAMAICA
|
|
- Geoffrey Daniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59(5), 1998, pp Copyright 1998 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GIARDIASIS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN JAMAICA JOHN F. LINDO, VALERIE A. LEVY, MARIANA K. BAUM, AND CAROL J. PALMER Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica; Center for Disease Prevention, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Florida Abstract. We report the findings of a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidum infections in Jamaica. Three hundred twenty eight stool samples from patients less than one to 81 years of age were examined using formalin-ether concentration for G. lamblia, Zeihl-Neelsen staining for Cryptosporidium, and the Prospect rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Alexon, Sunnyvale, CA) for parasite diagnosis. The Prospect Giardia rapid assay detected 17 cases of G. lamblia infection compared with six by formalin-ether concentration. However, the Prospect Cryptosporidum EIA did not increase the rate of detection of Cryptosporidum when compared with Zeihl-Neelsen staining. Cryptosporidum infections were most frequently diagnosed in children less than five years old and prevalence decreased with age. In contrast, the prevalence of giardiasis increased as children became older. There were no associations between the infections and stool consistency, clinical manifestations, or sex of the individuals. The contribution of the parasites to childhood morbidity will depend on accurate laboratory diagnosis. Cryptosporidum infections (especially by C. parvum) are increasingly recognized as an emerging cause of diarrhea in humans worldwide. 1 They are especially important in immunocompromised individuals and have been studied extensively in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Prevalence of infection with C. parvum among AIDS and immunocompromised patients in developing countries is thought to be between 8.7% and 48% with a mean of 24%. 1 The prevalence of infections among these patients is somewhat lower in the developed world (14%, range 6 70%). 1 Similarly, there is a striking difference between the prevalence of C. parvum among immunocompetent persons in developed and developing countries. Whereas 2.2% of individuals with diarrhea in developed countries are expected to be infected with the parasite, the prevalence among immunocompetent individuals in developing countries was 6.1%. 1 Despite the focus of studies on immunocompromised patients, C. parvum infection is a major cause of self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals including children and travelers. 2 7 Close contact transmission of the highly infectious organism is an important route of transmission as shown by epidemics among children in day-care facilities and household clustering of infection. 1,8 10 The protozoan flagellate Giardia lamblia shares several epidemiologic characteristics with C. parvum. Both organisms are water-borne and this route has been the cause of epidemics of diarrhea in both adults and children Furthermore, like C. parvum, G. lamblia is a cause of childhood diarrhea and may be transmitted by close-contact and is often associated with epidemics of diarrhea in day care facilities. 16 The prevalence of both G. lamblia and C. parvum is generally higher among very young children and this may be related to more efficient fecal-oral transmission of the infective stages or enhanced susceptibility due to lack of immunity. 17 While the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis is well documented in patients and children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS, data are not widely available on the cross-sectional distribution of these infections. Water-borne outbreaks of infections with the parasites have highlighted the fact that morbidity may occur outside of these focus groups in endemic areas. 717 Reliable epidemiologic data require the most accurate diagnosis of infections. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are commercially available that provide rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of infections with the G. lamblia and C. parvum These assays are ideal for use in epidemiologic studies in which only a single stool sample is examined, due to low sensitivity of microscopy in these cases. 29 We report the results of a pilot study of the epidemiology of C. parvum and G. lamblia infections at The University Hospital of the West Indies, (UHWI) Jamaica using conventional microscopic methods and commercially available EIAs for parasite diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the crosssectional distribution of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in a hospital population in Jamaica, specifically, to determine epidemiological characteristics of both infections in the same population. This data may be useful for determining screening criteria for the parasites in the Jamaican population. The study also evaluated the potential benefits of using EIA to diagnose G. lamblia and C. parvum on a single fecal sample submitted for microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples from 328 individuals that were submitted to the Department of Microbiology at UHWI in Kingston to be analyzed for enteric bacteria or intestinal parasites were included in the study. Due to its location, the UHWI receives patients from both the city (Kingston) and surrounding rural communities. It is the major referral facility in Jamaica and patients are admitted from various locations on the island. Patients age, sex, clinical manifestations, and consistency of stool samples were recorded at the time of submission of the samples. Minimum inclusion criteria were age and sex of the patient and submission of a quantity of stool that was adequate for diagnosis using microscopy. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each study participant at the time of sample collection and after explanation of the study objectives. All samples were processed using formalin-ether concentration for ova and parasites, 30 which is the method used for routine fecal analysis in the hospital laboratory. Fecal sam-
2 718 LINDO AND OTHERS TABLE 1 Comparison of the Prospect Giardia Rapid assay with formalinether concentration for detection of G. lamblia in a single stool sample TABLE 2 Comparison of the Prospect Cryptosporidium Rapid assay with Ziehl-Neelsen staining for detection of Cryptosporidium in a single stool sample Results of stool examination Results of stool examination Positive Negative Total Positive Negative Total EIA* result Positive Negative Total * EIA enzyme immunoassay EIA* result Positive Negative Total * EIA enzyme immunoassay ples are often submitted in 10% formalin only and this made them inappropriate for permanent staining using trichrome stain. Consequently, only wet mount examination was performed to detect G. lamblia cysts microscopically. All samples were analyzed for C. parvum by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. 31 Unconcentrated stool samples were analyzed for antigens of G. lamblia and Cryptosporidum using commercially available EIA kits (Prospect Giardia Rapid Assay and Prospect Cryptosporidum Rapid Assay; Alexon, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). The assays were conducted following the instructions of the manufacturer and were read visually to observe a color change indicative of the presence of parasite antigens. RESULTS Three hundred twenty eight stool samples were examined in the study. Of these, 197 were from female and 131 were from male patients. The age of the patients ranged from less than one to 81 years with a median age of 19 years. Formalin-ether concentration detected six (1.8%) cases of G. lamblia infection on a single stool sample. However, the Prospect Giardia Rapid Assay detected these six plus an additional 11 cases of G. lamblia infection (17 of 328 or 5.2%, Table 1). In contrast, the results from detection of C. parvum infection using modified Zeihl-Neelsen were similar to those using the Prospect Cryptosporidum Rapid Assay. Of 14 (4.3%) samples positive for C. parvum by Zeihl-Neelsen staining, 13 (4.0%) were positive by EIA (Table 2). No mixed infections with G. lamblia and C. parvum were detected in the study. Based on the EIA, 11 (85%) of 13 cases of C. parvum infections were detected in the stools of children nine years old or less, whereas 13 (76%) of the 17 cases of G. lamblia were diagnosed in children between 0 and 12 years old. Of particular note was the high frequency of infection in children two years old and less. The prevalence of C. parvum infection in this group was 11.5% (9 of 78) and that of G. lamblia was 5.1% (4 of 78) (Figure 1). In the 0 12-year-old age group, the prevalence of infection with C. parvum decreased with age, whereas the prevalence of G. lamblia infections increased with age and was highest in the 7 8-year old age class (Figure 1). Infections with C. parvum were also diagnosed in three males who were 25, 29, and 34 years old, and were associated with HIV infection. Three cases of G. lamblia infections were seen in individuals between 10 and 19 years of age and one case each in individuals between 20 and 30 and 40 and 50 years of age. Sex of participant was not significantly associated with infection with either of the parasites studied. Data were recorded on the consistency of 322 of the 328 stool samples submitted to the laboratory for analysis. About half (179 or 55.6%) were soft, 64 (19.9%) were watery, and 79 (24.5%) were formed. Of the 13 cases of C. parvum detected by EIA, nine (5%, 9 of 179) were in soft stools, three (4.7%, 3 of 64) were in watery stools, and one was detected in a formed stool. Similarly, 13 of 16 cases of G. lamblia were detected in soft stools (7.3%, 13 of 179) and two (3.1%, 2 of 64) and one case in watery (1.6%) and formed (1.3%) stools, respectively. There were no significant differences between the rates of detection of G. lamblia or C. parvum in soft versus watery stool samples (P 0.37 and 1.00, respectively, by Fisher s exact test: two-tailed). The clinical manifestations reported among the study participants by the attending physicians included no symptoms (stool submitted as part of a routine medical examination), diarrhea (or other gastrointestinal illness including gastroenteritis and dysentery), ova and parasites, HIV/AIDS, and others (these included manifestations not associated with the parasite under study, and which had small sample sizes such as sickle cell disease, mesenteric adenitis, neuroblastoma, and liver abscesses). The frequencies of detection of G. lamblia and C. parvum with respect to clinical manifestations among patients in the study are shown in Table 3. Two (1.3%) and seven (7.5%) of the 140 samples submitted for diarrhea (or other gastrointestinal illnesses) were positive for C. parvum and G. lamblia infections, respectively. Similarly, three (4.7%) and seven (10.9%) of the 64 stool samples submitted for investigation of ova and parasites were positive for C. parvum and G. lamblia, respectively. DISCUSSION The study examined the epidemiology of C. parvum and G. lamblia infections concurrently in a hospital population in Jamaica using microscopic methods and sensitive EIAs for parasite diagnosis. The Prospect Giardia Rapid Assay detected 4% more G. lamblia infections than formalin-ether concentration, which is the method used routinely in the hospital laboratory. Trichrome staining was not used in the study and it is not known if this method would have increased the rate of detection of the parasite when compared with formalin-ether concentration. On the other hand, diagnosis of C. parvum using the EIA did not improve the rate of detection of the parasite in stool samples. In comparison with stool examination, the immunoassays were found to be rapid and specific and there was no need for extensive train-
3 GIARDIASIS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN JAMAICA 719 FIGURE 1. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia infections in Jamaican children. ing or new equipment for their implementation. The results of the EIAs based on visual reading were unequivocal. Therefore, the assays are ideal for both clinical diagnosis and large-scale studies of the epidemiology of C. parvum and G. lamblia infections in developing countries, where enormous numbers of stool samples will be examined. Based on the results of the EIA, the study revealed differences between the epidiemiology of C. parvum and G. lamblia in the same population. Cryptosporidium parvum was diagnosed most frequently in children less than two years old and prevalence appeared to decrease with age. In contrast, the prevalence of giardiasis increased with the age of the children and was not as highly clustered in a particular TABLE 3 Association between clinical manifestation of participants and infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia* Clinical manifestation Number of participants (%) Number positive for Cryptosporidium by EIA (%) Number positive for G. lamblia by EIA (%) Routine medical Diarrhea/GI symptoms Ova and parasites HIV or AIDS Other 17 (5.2) 140 (24.8) 64 (19.9) 4 (1.2) 89 (48.8) 1 (5.8) 2 (1.3) 3 (4.7) 3 (75) 4 (3.1) 0 (0) 7 (7.5) 7 (10.9) 0 (0) 3 (2.5) Total (4.1) 17 (5.4) * EIA enzyme immunoassay; HIV human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. % calculated column wise. % calculated row wise. Other includes manifestations not associated with Giardia and Cryptosporidium such as iron deficiency anemia, eosinophilia, and sepsis. age group. Children 2 10 years of age were most likely to be infected with C. parvum in Nepal. 32 A study designed to determine guidelines for screening stool samples for Cryptosporidum in the United Kingdom recommended that the main selection criterion should be the age of the patient. 33 The study suggested that all samples from patients up to and including adults 44 years old should be screened for C. parvum. The present study showed that in Jamaica, most infections with Cryptosporidum occurred in young children (less than nine years old). The three infections diagnosed by EIA outside of this age group were in males who were 25, 29 and 34 years old and were associated with HIV infection. There were no mixed infections with the parasites and they were diagnosed at equivalent rates in males and females. Similarly, in a large study in Mexico City, the gender of the children studied did not influence the rate at which C. parvum infections were detected. 17 In contrast, studies in Nigeria and Nepal showed that girls were more likely to be infected with the parasite than boys. 32,34 Male sex was associated with a significantly higher relative risk for the first episode of symptomatic giardiasis in rural Egypt, although the rate of infection with the parasite was lower in boys than girls. 35 Similarly, the prevalence of giardiasis was higher among boys than girls in a study in northern Jordan. 36 Neither stool consistency or clinical diagnosis were accurate indicators of infection with G. lamblia or C. parvum when the EIA was used for diagnosis. These findings are similar to those recommended to laboratories for screening for Cryptosporidum in the United Kingdom. 33 The parasite was detected significantly more frequently in watery stools
4 720 LINDO AND OTHERS than in formed stools in a study in Nigeria that used formalin-methylene blue staining for oocysts. 34 The reasons for marked differences in the epidemiology of the infections studied in the same population are not known. The risk factors for acquiring G. lamblia and C. parvum in Jamaica are apparently dissimilar and this is reflected in their age-prevalence profiles. Alternately, age-related acquisition of immunity to infection or loss of infection may be different for the parasites and this may contribute to the observed patterns. 15 Most infections with the parasites were in children, and clinical diagnosis was not an accurate indicator of infection. Factors such as malnutrition and bottle feeding as seen in Liberia, Costa Rica, and Mexico may be important in determining the epidemiology of the infections in Jamaica. 5,17,37 The prevalence of G. lamblia infections increased with age and this may be reflective of the increasing exposure as children attend schools and day-care facilities. Perhaps bottle feeding or infection from untreated water may be more important for transmission of C. parvum in young children. This pilot investigation was the first to examine the epidemiology of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Jamaica. It established that Cryptosporidum and G. lamblia infection may be underdiagnosed infections in children. The prevalence of C. parvum was seen to decrease with age while the frequency of G. lamblia increased as children became older. There were no identifiable clinical manifestations associated with the infection, and assessment of their contribution to morbidity (especially in children) will require accurate laboratory diagnosis. Acknowledgments: We thank Tricia Munroe, Charmaine Parkes, and Jascinth Lindo for contributions to the study. Financial support: This work was supported by The University of the West Indies Research and Publications Fund and Fogarty International Training Grant WD#5D43TW Authors addresses: John F. Lindo and Valerie A. Levy, Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Carol J. Palmer and Mariana Baum, Center for Disease Prevention, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL Reprint requests: John F. Lindo, Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. REFERENCES 1. Guerrant RL, Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging, highly infectious threat. EmergInfect Dis 3: Current WL, Reese NC, Ernst JV, Bailey WS, Heyman MB, Weinstein WM, Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. N Engl J Med 308: Pape JW, Levine E, Beaulieu ME, Marshall F, Verdier R, Johnson WD, Cryptosporidiosis in Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36: Shadid NS, Rahman AS, Anderson BC, Mata LJ, Sanyal SC, Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh. Br J Med 290: Mata, L, Bolanos H, Pizarro D, Vives M, Cryptosporidiosis in children from some highland Costa Rican rural and urban areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: Ma P, Kaufman DL, Heomick CG, D Souza AJ, Navin TR, Cryptosporidiosis in tourists returning from the Caribbean (letter). N Engl J Med 312: Soave R, Ma P, Cryptosporidiosis. Traveler s diarrhea in two families. Arch Intern Med 145: Alpert G, Bell LM, Kirkpatrick CE, Budnick LD, Campos JM, Friedman HM, Plotkin SA, Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a day-care center. Pediatrics 77: Cordell RL, Addiss DG, Cryptosporidiosis in child care settings: a review of the literature and recommendations for prevention and control. Pediatr Infect Dis J 13: Newman RD, Zu SX, Wuhib T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Sears CL, Household epidemiology of Cryptosporidum parvum infection in an urban slum community in northeast Brazil. Ann Intern Med 120: Mackenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Petersen DE, Kazmierczak JJ, Addiss DG, Fox KR, Rose JB, Davis JP, A massive waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidum infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 331: Bridgman SA, Robertson RM, Syed Q, Speed N, Andrews N, Hunter PR, Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with disinfected ground water. Epidemiol Infect 115: Goldstein ST, Juranek DD, Ravenholt O, Hightower AW, Martin DG, Mesnik JL, Griffiths SD, Bryant AJ, Reich RR, Herwaldt BL, Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment. Ann Intern Med 124: Marshall MM, Naumovitz D, Ortega Y, Sterling CR, Waterborne protozoan pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 10: Isaac-Renton JL, Lewis LF, Ong CS, Nulsen MF, A second outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Canada and serological investigation of patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: Thompson SC, Giardia lamblia in children and the child care setting: a review of the literature. J Pediatr Child Health 30: Enriquez FJ, Avila CR, Santos JI, Tanaka-Kido J, Vallejo O, Sterling CR, Cryptosporidum infections in Mexican children: clinical, nutritional, enteropathogenic and diagnostic evaluations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56: Graczyk TK, Cranfield MR, Fayer R, Evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) immunoflourescent antibody (IFA) test kits for detection of Cryptosporidum oocysts of species other than Cryptosporidium parvum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: Dagan R, Fraser D, El-On J, Kassis I, Deckelbaum R, Turner S, Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of Cryptosporidum spp. in stool specimens from infants and young children in field studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: Goldin AJ, Hall A, Sarker RN, Warhurst DC, Miles MA, Diagnosis of Giardia duodenale infection in Bangladeshi infants: fecal antigen capture ELISA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87: Siddons CA, Chapman PA, Rush BA, Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay kit for detecting Cryptosporidum in feces and environmental samples. J Clin Pathol 45: Elkadi IA, Smith DH, Hommel M, Early diagnosis of giardiasis by fecal antigens detection using capture ELISA in a cohort of children in the United Arab Emirates. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: Newman RD, Jaeger KL, Wuhib T, Lima AAM, Guerrant RL, Sears CL, Evaluation of an antigen capture enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for detection of Cryptosporidum oocysts. J Clin Microbiol 31: Addiss DG, Mathews HM, Stewart JM, Wahlquist SP, Williams RM, Finton RJ, Spencer HC, Juranek DD, Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Giardia lamblia antigens in stools. J Clin Microbiol 29: Rosenblatt JE, Sloan LM, Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay for detection of Cryptosporidum spp. in stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 31: Rosenblatt JE, Sloan LM, Schneider SK, Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of Giardia
5 GIARDIASIS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN JAMAICA 721 lamblia in stool specimens. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 16: Ungar BLP, Enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of Cryptosporidum antigens in fecal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 28: Aldeen WE, Hale D, Robinson AJ, Carroll, K, Evaluation of a commercially available ELISA for detection of Giardia lamblia in fecal specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 21: Garcia LS, Bruckner DA, Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology. 30. Melvin DM, Brooke MM, Laboratory Procedure for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control. HHS publication no. (CDC) Henricksen SA, Polenz JF, Staining of Cryptosporidia by modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22: Sherchand JB, Shrestha MP, Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhea in Nepal. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 14: Casemore DP, Roberts C, Guidelines for screening for Cryptosporidum in stools:report of a joint working group. J Clin Pathol 46: Okafor JI, Okunji PO, Prevalence of Cryptosporidum oocysts in fecal samples of some school children in Enugu State, Nigeria. J Commun Dis 28: Mahmud MA, Chappell C, Hossain MM, Habib M, Dupont HL, Risk factors for development of first symptomatic Giardia infection among infants of a birth cohort in rural Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: Nimri LF, Prevalence of giardiasis among primary school children. Child Care Health Dev 20: Hojying N, Malbak K, Jopsen S, Cryptosporidum spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Liberian children. J Clin Microbiol 23:
PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PATIENTS VISITING AT ICDDR B HOSPITAL, DHAKA
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 117-123, June 213 PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PATIENTS VISITING AT ICDDR B HOSPITAL, DHAKA SHAHELA ALAM, HAMIDA KHANUM 1, RIMI FARHANA ZAMAN AND
More informationCRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPECIE AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF DIARRHOEA IN UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL,MAIDUGURI.
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPECIE AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF DIARRHOEA IN UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL,MAIDUGURI 1 BALLA, HJ, 1 MM ASKIRA 1 Department of medical laboratory science, college of medicine,
More informationCryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: A case-control study of
Epidemiol. Infect. (1996), 117, 297-304 Copyright ( 1996 Cambridge University Press Cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: A case-control study of post-outbreak transmission P. OSEWE', D. G. ADDISS2*, K. A. BLAIR3,
More informationEffect of Nitazoxanide in Diarrhea and Enteritis Caused by Cryptosporidium Species
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2006;4:320 324 Effect of Nitazoxanide in Diarrhea and Enteritis Caused by Cryptosporidium Species JEAN FRANÇOIS ROSSIGNOL,* SAMIR M. KABIL, YEHIA EL GOHARY, and
More informationCryptosporidium Veterinary
DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION, INC. 23961 Craftsman Road, Suite D/E/F, Calabasas, CA 91302 Tel: (818) 591-3030 Fax: (818) 591-8383 onestep@rapidtest.com technicalsupport@rapidtest.com www.rapidtest.com See external
More informationPARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia)
PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) A biopsy was performed on a 27-year-old man with no known travel history, presenting with a perianal ulcer. The specimen was preserved in formalin
More informationPREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN HIV-POSITIVE/AIDS PATIENTS. O.O Oguntibeju
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1, January 2006 (68-73) ORIGINAL ARTICLE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN HIV-POSITIVE/AIDS PATIENTS O.O Oguntibeju School of Health Technology,
More informationGiardiasis. Table of Contents
Table of Contents Case Definition... Error! Bookmark not defined. Reporting Requirements... 2 Etiology... Error! Bookmark not defined. Clinical Presentation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Diagnosis...
More informationUbiquity of the water-borne pathogens, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in KwaZulu-Natal populations
Ubiquity of the water-borne pathogens, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in KwaZulu-Natal populations C Jarmey-Swan 1,, IW Bailey 1 * and AR Howgrave-Graham 1 Scientific Services, Umgeni Water, PO Box 9, Pietermaritzburg
More informationPhysician Use of Parasite Tests in the United States from 1997 to 2006 and in a Utah Cryptosporidium Outbreak in 2007
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 2011, p. 591 596 Vol. 49, No. 2 0095-1137/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.01806-10 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Physician Use
More informationCURRENT SITUATION OF GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AMONG ORANG ASLI (ABORIGINAL) COMMUNITIES IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA
CURRENT SITUATION OF GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AMONG ORANG ASLI (ABORIGINAL) COMMUNITIES IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA AK Mohammed Mahdy, Johari Surin, YAL Lim and MS Hesham AI-Mekhlafi Department of Parasitology,
More informationSpecimens: Evidence for Low Sensitivity of Current Diagnostic Methods
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 1991, p. 1323-1327 0095-1137/91/071323-05$02.00/0 Copyright D 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 29, No. 7 Threshold of Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
More informationEvaluation of a Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Giardia lamblia Antigen in Stool
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1991, p. 1137-1142 0095-1137/91/061137-06$02.00/0 Copyright C 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 29, No. 6 Evaluation of a Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked
More informationHot Topics in Infectious Diseases: Enteric Infections in the Arctic
Hot Topics in Infectious Diseases: Enteric Infections in the Arctic Tobey Audcent MD, FRCPC Department of Pediatrics Children s Hospital of Eastern Ontario 6 th International Meeting on Indigenous Child
More informationWashington State Department of Health (DOH) Cryptosporidium in Drinking Water Position Paper. Purpose
Washington State Department of Health (DOH) Cryptosporidium in Drinking Water Position Paper Purpose Cryptosporidium is a micro-organism which has gained increased public health significance as a result
More informationDownloaded from ismj.bpums.ac.ir at 22: on Friday March 22nd 2019
- ( ) - *. :.. :. (Sheather s). ( /) :. / / / ( ). ( /) ( /) :.. : // -// : : * Email :mehdi.azami@gmail.com /.( ).(-)... ) (..( )....().( ) CD4.( ) /.().().().(-) (Deng) (Hunter) ( ) ( ) 1387 /1 / (Sheater
More informationAlberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011
August 2011 Giardiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October
More informationPrevalence of intestinal parasites at tertiary teaching Hospital, BRIMS, Bidar
Original article: Prevalence of intestinal parasites at tertiary teaching Hospital, BRIMS, Bidar 1 Dr Parmeshwaraappa K D*, 2 Dr Chandrakant Chillargi 1Assistant Professor, 2 Professor and HOD Dept of
More informationPARA-TECT Cryptosporidium/Giardia Direct Fluorescent Assay Directions For Use For In Vitro Diagnostic Use
Medical Chemical Corp., 19430 Van Ness Avenue, Torrance, California 90501 (310)787-6800, Fax (310)787-4464 Catalog # MCC-C/G - DFA, 75 Test PARA-TECT Cryptosporidium/Giardia Direct Fluorescent Assay Directions
More informationJournal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 2 No. 1 April 2004
Enteric Parasitosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Nepal Sapkota D a, Ghimire P a and Manandhar S a Introduction Objectives
More informationPrevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV-Positive Patients
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 5 (2015) pp. 269-273 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV-Positive Patients Vasundhara*, Haris M.Khan, Harekrishna
More informationccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
ccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia
More informationThe effect of previous Giardia infection on the presentation of new Giardia infections among children in Bangladesh. Kirkby D.
The effect of previous Giardia infection on the presentation of new Giardia infections among children in Bangladesh. Kirkby D. Tickell A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
More informationInvestigation of a Giardia Cluster Associated with a Private Club, Cook County, 2011
Investigation of a Giardia Cluster Associated with a Private Club, Cook County, 2011 Alicia M. Siston, PhD, MPH, MS Chicago Department of Public Health Giardia Background Most common intestinal human parasite
More informationSymptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildren
Epidemiol. Infect. (2015), 143, 1702 1709. Cambridge University Press 2014 doi:10.1017/s095026881400243x Symptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum following two related
More informationBacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) An acute bacterial disease involving the large and distal small intestine, caused by the bacteria of the genus shigella. Infectious agent Shigella is comprised of four
More informationGiardiasis Surveillance Protocol
Provider Responsibilities 1. Report all cases to your local health department by completing the provider section of the WVEDSS form within the timeframe indicated: Sporadic case of - should be reported
More informationPARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG ORANG ASLI (ABORIGINE) IN THE CAMERON HIGHLANDS, MALAYSIA
PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG ORANG ASLI (ABORIGINE) IN THE CAMERON HIGHLANDS, MALAYSIA S Lokman Hakim 1, CC Gan 1, K Malkit 1, My Noor Azian 1, CK Chong 2, N Shaari 2, W Zainuddin 3, CN Chin 2, Y Sara 2
More informationCrypto / Giardia Ag Combo (Fecal) ELISA
DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION, INC. 23961 Craftsman Road, Suite D/E/F, Calabasas, CA 91302 Tel: (818) 591-3030 Fax: (818) 591-8383 onestep@rapidtest.com technicalsupport@rapidtest.com www.rapidtest.com See external
More informationAnton van Leeuwenhoek. Protozoa: This is what he saw in his own stool sample. Morphology 10/14/2009. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Anton van Leeuwenhoek Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease This is what he saw in his own stool sample 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica
More informationPrevalence of Intestinal Parasites in HIV Seropositive Patients with and without Diarrhoea and its Correlation with CD4 Counts
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 10 (2016) pp. 527-532 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.510.058
More informationAccess to safe drinking water is everyone s right. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia
More informationPrevalence of Giardiasis in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 5 (2015) pp. 339-344 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Giardiasis in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India Sangram Singh
More informationPROTOZOAN ENTERIC INFECTION IN AIDS RELATED DIARRHEA IN THAILAND
PROTOZOAN ENTERIC INFECTION IN AIDS RELATED DIARRHEA IN THAILAND Duangdao Waywa 1, Siriporn Kongkriengdaj 1, Suparp Chaidatch 1, Surapee Tiengrim 1 Boonchai Kowadisaiburana 2, Suchada Chaikachonpat 1,
More informationEpidemiology of Diarrheal Diseases. Robert Black, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationGiardia lamblia (flagellates)
Giardia lamblia (flagellates) Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis and is the only common pathogenic protozoan found
More informationEnzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Detection of Cryptosporidium Antigens in Fecal Specimens
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1990, p. 2491-2495 0095-1137/90/112491-05$02.00/0 Copyright C 1990, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 28, No. 11 Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Detection of Cryptosporidium
More informationAnnual Epidemiological Report
November 2018 Annual Epidemiological Report 1 Giardiasis in Ireland, 2017 Key Facts There were 240 notifications of giardiasis in Ireland in 2017. This represents a greater than five-fold increase in notifications
More informationIndian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; September 2014: Vol.-3, Issue- 4, P
Original article: Comparison of stool concentration methods for detection of prevalence of enteroparasitic infection in rural tertiary care teaching hospital of Maharashtra 1 Dr. Jaishree Puri, 2 Dr. S.
More informationEVALUATION OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES CAUSING DIARRHOEA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS
EVALUATION OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES CAUSING DIARRHOEA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS Uday Shankar 1, Saral J. Ghosh 2 1Post Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur,
More informationCryptosporidiosis. By: Nikole Stewart
Cryptosporidiosis By: Nikole Stewart Cryptosporidiosis ("Crypto"); Etiological agent- Cryptosporidium (1) Transmission: Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route when individuals ingest water or food
More informationA New Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay For Detection Of Intestinal Parasites
A New Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay For Detection Of Intestinal Parasites Dr. Andreas Simons Worldwide provider of diagnostic assay solutions Offers a variety of test kit methodologies R-Biopharm Headquarters
More informationOrigination Date: 25 Mar 2004 Total Pages: Effective Date: 18 Sep 2012 SOP Number LTC-SOP-17 v2.0. Network Name, Title Signature Date
Title: Stool Processing and Cryptosporidium/Giardia Origination Date: 25 Mar 2004 Total Pages: Effective Date: 18 Sep 2012 SOP Number LTC-SOP-17 v2.0 Prepared By: Bill Kabat and Nancy Isham of the Supersedes
More informationCatalog # OKDA00123 SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION
Aviva Systems Biology 5754 Pacific Center Blvd., Suite 201, San Diego, CA 92121, USA Tel: 858-552-6979 Fax: 858-552-6975 www.avivasysbio.com Email: info@avivasysbio.com Giardia lamblia ELISA Kit Catalog
More informationU.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook.
U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Rotavirus 1. Name of the Organism: Rotavirus Rotaviruses are classified
More informationNorovirus. Dr Bhakti Vasant Public Health Physician. Metro South Public Health Unit
Metro South Public Health Unit Norovirus Dr Bhakti Vasant Public Health Physician Source of image: http://www.hillingdontimes.co.uk/news/11808717.four_wards_closed_as_hillingdo n_hospital_fights_norovirus_outbreak/
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN IRELAND
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN IRELAND Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Summary 4 Introduction 5 Case Definitions 6 Materials and Methods 7 Results Incidence 8 Age distribution 9 Seasonality
More informationE. Histolytica IgG ELISA Kit
E. Histolytica IgG ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA3193 96 assays Version: 01 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of
More informationPrevalence of multi-gastrointestinal infections with helminth, protozoan and Campylobacter spp. in Guatemalan children
Brief Original Article Prevalence of multi-gastrointestinal infections with helminth, protozoan and Campylobacter spp. in Guatemalan children Lauritz A. Jensen 1, Jerry W. Marlin 2, David D. Dyck 2, Harold
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious
More informationDr. Jabar Etaby Lecture GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate)
Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture Two GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Epidemiology: It has worldwide distribution and is not uncommon in South Carolina. It is the most frequent protozoan
More informationPractice Guidelines for Ordering Stool Ova and Parasite Testing in a Pediatric Population
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE Original Article Practice Guidelines for Ordering Stool Ova and Parasite Testing in a Pediatric Population AMIN KABANI, MD, FRCPC, GISELE CADRAIN, RT, CYNTHIA
More informationCryptosporidium Oocysts in Fecal Specimens
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1992, p. 2869-2873 0095-1137/92/112869-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1992, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 30, No. 11 Improved Stool Concentration Procedure for Detection
More informationPublic Health Microbiology. CE421/521 Lecture Prof. Tim Ellis
Public Health Microbiology CE421/521 Lecture 10-03-06 Prof. Tim Ellis Pathogens and parasites Epidemiology Definitions epidemiology = study of spread of d in populations infectious disease = disease that
More informationI. Statement of the Problem: The case definition of giardiasis, a disease under public health surveillance, is in need of a revision.
10-ID-17 Committee: Infectious Disease Title: Update to Giardiasis Case Definition I. tatement of the Problem: The case definition of giardiasis, a disease under public health surveillance, is in need
More informationPost-infectious gastrointestinal symptoms after acute Giardiasis. A 1-year follow-up in general practice
Family Practice Advance Access published March 22, 2010 Family Practice 2010; 0:1 5 doi:10.1093/fampra/cmq005 Ó The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions,
More informationIsolation and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium from human stool
International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 4(3): 58-62 ISSN: 2313-4461 Isolation and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium from human stool Mohammad Sohel Rana, Farjana Boby, Md.
More informationCyclospora Infection among School Children in Kathmandu, Nepal: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Tropical Medicine and Health Vol. 43 No.4, 2015, 211 216 doi: 10.2149/tmh.2015-25 Copyright 2015 by The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine 211 Original Papers Cyclospora Infection among School Children
More informationFor Vets General Information Prevalence and Risk Factors Humans
For Vets General Information Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal protozoal parasites of animals and humans that cause the disease cryptosporidiosis. The primary clinical sign of infection is diarrhea,
More information1. Developed January Revised September 2017; August 2015; December 2013; February 2012; April 2010; March 2007.
Texas Vendor Drug Program Drug Use Criteria: Nitazoxanide (Alinia ) Publication History 1. Developed January 2007. 2. Revised September 2017; August 2015; December 2013; February 2012; April 2010; March
More informationAmerican Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX
Q3 2018 Parasitology American Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX 77005 800-234-5315 281-436-5357 Specimen 1 Referees Extent 1 Extent 2 Total Few to 534 Giardia lamblia Many
More informationTYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS
TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS Normal Flora. Normal flora consists of microorganisms that are normally and consistently found in or on the body in the absence of disease. Symbiosis. This is the close
More informationEpidemiology Update Hepatitis A
December 2011 Epidemiology Update Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Key Points Between 2000 and 2010, 209 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Hennepin County residents. This represents 30% of the cases reported
More informationEpidemiologic Differences Between Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian Children
T Epidemiologic Differences Between Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian Children Caryn Bern,* Ynes Ortega, William Checkley, Jacquelin M. Roberts,* Andres G. Lescano, Lilia Cabrera, Manuela
More informationOriginal Article Prevalence of Entamoeba Histolytica and Giardia Lamblia Infection Among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients of Bangladesh.
Original Article Prevalence of Among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients of Bangladesh. Tahmina Siddiqua, *Rosy Sultana and Hamida Khanum Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka,
More informationPrevalence of Intestinal Protozoan among Students Visiting Wollega University Students Clinic
Research article Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoan among Students Visiting Wollega University Students Clinic 1 Asegid Abebe and 2 Desalegn Amenu 1 College of Natural and Computational Science, Wollega
More informationPrevalence of Giardia infection in paediatric age group
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 907-911 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Giardia infection in paediatric age group D.K. Jethwa 1 *, U. Chaudhri 2 and D. Chauhan
More informationPrevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India: Five year retrospective study
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 10 (2013) pp. 112-117 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India: Five year
More informationStudy of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites in Rural Inhabitants of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Original Article Study of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites in Rural Inhabitants of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran EB Kia 1, M Hosseini 2, MR Nilforoushan 1, AR Meamar 3, *M Rezaeian 1 1 Dept. of Medical
More informationOutline EP1201. NEHA 2012 AEC June 2012
Food and Water Borne Enteric Protozoa: Environmental Health Perspectives Stephanie M. Fletcher, PhD (c) NEHA AEC & Exhibition San Diego June 30, 2012 Outline Introduction Overview of the Epidemiology of
More information11-ID-14. Committee: Infectious Disease. Title: Update to Cryptosporidiosis Case Definition
11-ID-14 Committee: Infectious Disease Title: Update to Cryptosporidiosis Case Definition I. tatement of the Problem: A position statement to revise the case definition of cryptosporidiosis, a disease
More informationSIGNIFICANCE OF E. COLI AND ROTA VIRUS IN INFANTILE DIARRHOEA
SIGNIFICANCE OF E. COLI AND ROTA VIRUS IN INFANTILE DIARRHOEA Pages with reference to book, From 326 To 328 Rakhshanda Baqai, Sarwar J. Zuberi, Mushtaq A. Khan ( PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate
More informationPREVALENCE OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND CALVES IN BANGLADESH
Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9 (2): 177 182 PREVALENCE OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND CALVES IN BANGLADESH M. S. H. Suman 1, M. M. Alam 1, S. B. Pun 2, A. Khair 1, S. Ahmed 4 and R. Y. Uchida
More informationThe Awareness of Health Professionals in Diagnostic Techniques for Intestinal Parasites in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Original Article The Awareness of Health Professionals in Diagnostic Techniques for Intestinal Parasites in Gaza Strip, Palestine Hindi AI Department of Medical Technology Sciences, Islamic University
More informationQuantification of Specific Antibody Response to Cryptosporidium
NFECTON AND MMUNTY, JUlY 196, p. 124-12 Vol. 53, No. 1 19-9567/6/7124-5$2./ Copyright C 196, American Society for Microbiology Quantification of Specific Antibody Response to Cryptosporidium Antigens by
More informationDiarrheal Diseases in Asia: overview and update. G. Balakrish Nair, PhD Ag. Regional Advisor Research Policy and Cooperation WHO, SEARO
Diarrheal Diseases in Asia: overview and update G. Balakrish Nair, PhD Ag. Regional Advisor Research Policy and Cooperation WHO, SEARO Overview of the talk Global and Regional burden of diarrheal disease
More informationCryptosporidiosis outbreak in Ireland linked to public water supply, 2002
Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Ireland linked to public water supply, 2002 Item type Authors Article Health Service Executive (HSE) Midland Department of Public Health Publisher Eurosurveillance Vol 6 (22)
More informationThe Changing Landscape of Stool Parasite Diagnosis and Surveillance
The Changing Landscape of Stool Parasite Diagnosis and Surveillance Ann Valley- Advanced Microbiologist Tim Monson- Microbiologist Supervisor Communicable Disease Division Wisconsin State Laboratory of
More informationWORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research AND MEDICAL RESEARCH.
wjpmr, 2018,4(12), 72-77 SJIF Impact Factor: 4.639 Research Article WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com WJPMR COMPARISON BETWEEN MODIFIED ZIEHL NEELSEN AND
More informationAnnual Epidemiological Report
December 2018 Annual Epidemiological Report Key Facts Cryptosporidium 1 infection in Ireland, 2017 In 2017, 589 cases of cryptosporidiosis were notified in Ireland 36 were hospitalised, with no reported
More informationViruse associated gastrointestinal infection
Viruse associated gastrointestinal infection Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Rotaviruses Rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrheal illness in human (infants), and young animals, including calves and piglets. Infections
More informationThe Changing Landscape of Stool Parasite Diagnosis and Surveillance
The Changing Landscape of Stool Parasite Diagnosis and Surveillance Ann Valley- Advanced Microbiologist Tim Monson- Microbiologist Supervisor Communicable Disease Division Wisconsin State Laboratory of
More informationGiardia lamblia/ Cryptosporidium spp. ELISA Kit
Giardia lamblia/ Cryptosporidium spp. ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2095 96 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background...
More informationComparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Antibiotic in Treating Bacterial Enteritis in Children: A Hospital Based Study
Original article: Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Antibiotic in Treating Bacterial Enteritis in Children: A Hospital Based Study Radheshyam Shrotriya, Anju Kochar Principal Specialist (Pediatrics),
More informationRIDA QUICK Cryptosporidium/Giardia/Entamoeba Combi
RIDA QUICK Cryptosporidium/Giardia/Entamoeba Combi Article no: N1723 R-Biopharm AG, An der neuen Bergstraße 17, D-64297 Darmstadt, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 61 51 81 02-0 / Fax: +49 (0) 61 51 81 02-20 1.
More informationCryptosporidium : A Cause for Hospital Admission Among HIV Patients at Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Cryptosporidium : A Cause for Hospital Admission Among HIV Patients at Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. YakoA.B 1.,Bolade I.A 1., Chessed G 2., Katuka G 3., Hassan SC. 1 1
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016
THE EFFECT OF ENTERIC PARASITIC INFECTION ON SERUM ELEMENTS (COPPER) AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS (RABBITS) ABSTRACT AHMED JASIM ALBAYATI* ALI S. HASAN** *Dept. of Pathology College of
More informationCryptosporidium spp. ELISA Kit
Cryptosporidium spp. ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2094 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle
More informationU.S. cases per year (Rose et al. 2000)
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Jenna M. Hartley, MS Candidate Environmental Sciences and Engineering
More informationSPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Jenna M. Hartley, MS Candidate Environmental Sciences and Engineering
More informationBrief Survey of Common Intestinal Parasites in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Tsukasa NOZAKI1), Kouichi NAGAKURA2)*, Hisae FUSEGAWA3)
Brief Survey of Common Intestinal Parasites in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Tsukasa NOZAKI1), Kouichi NAGAKURA2)*, Hisae FUSEGAWA3) and Yasuhiko AND01),3) 1) Central Clinical Laboratoly, Tokai University
More informationGuidance for obtaining faecal specimens from patients with diarrhoea (Background information)
Guidance for obtaining faecal specimens from patients with diarrhoea (Background information) Version 1.0 Date of Issue: January 2009 Review Date: January 2010 Page 1 of 11 Contents 1. Introduction...
More informationParasites List of Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Giardia ( Giardia lamblia Coccidia ( Cryptosporidium
Parasites List of Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Pinworm, also known as seatworm or threadworm, is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in the United States, with approximately 40 million
More informationEnteric Illness. Shigellosis
Section 3 Page 1 of 7 Notification Timeline: From Lab/Practitioner to Public Health: Immediately. From Public Health to Saskatchewan Health: Within 72 hours. Public Health Follow-up Timeline: Initiate
More informationJMSCR Vol 06 Issue 09 Page September 2018
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i9.91 A review for Cryptosporidiosis
More informationAmebiasis rev Jan 2018
rev Jan 2018 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite. The trophozoite is the active form of the parasite which causes symptoms. Cysts are the infectious form which
More informationIntestinal Parasitism In Rural And Urban Areas Of North Central Nigeria: An Update
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Microbiology Volume 2 Number 1 Intestinal Parasitism In Rural And Urban Areas Of North Central Nigeria: An Update E Ikeh, M Obadofin, B Brindeiro, C Baugher, F Frost,
More informationAlberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011
August 2011 Amoebiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October
More information