Medicine Safety. Behavioral Objective(s) Cognitive: The students will be able to identify risks associated with misuse of drugs and medicines.

Transcription

1 Medicine Safety Descriptive Information Skill Emphasis (NHES): Self-Management Grade Level: High School (9 th ) Content Area of Health: Alcohol & Other Drugs Content Descriptor & Sub-Descriptor(s): 1. Short Term & Long Term Benefits & Risks of Medicinal Drugs 1.1 Risks of dependence and addiction 1.2 Importance of taking medicines as described 1.3 Necessity of caution in taking multiple medicines 3. Positive & Negative Influences on AOD Use 3.1 Pressures to use 3.2 Internal influences 3.4 Peer influences 3.6 Legal/policy factors Title of Lesson: Medicine Safety PA Standard (Health & PE): National Health Education Standard 1: Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention. National Health Education Standard 3: Students will demonstrate the ability to practice heathenhancing behaviors and avoid or reduce health risks. Pennsylvania State Health Education Standards: A: Analyze factors that impact growth and development between adolescence and adulthood. Risk factors (e.g., physical inactivity, substance abuse, intentional/unintentional injuries, dietary patterns) Curricular Connections: Science (Chemistry & Biology) Adolescent Risk Behavior: Drug Use Behavioral Objective(s) Cognitive: The students will be able to identify risks associated with misuse of drugs and medicines. Cognitive: The students will be able to discuss types of and reasons for misuse of medicines.

2 Affective: The students will work together to complete the bell ringer, as well as to find the answer the questions during the learning activity. Skill-Based: The students will use self-management skills to read and understand medicinal labels.. Brief Outline of Today s Lesson Set Induction Proper Use of Medication Bell Ringer Real-Life Issue Content o Self-Management Skills o FDA o Distribution o Medicinal Misuse Types of misuse Reasons for misuse In-Class Learning Activity OTC Label Worksheet In-Class Learning Activity Assessment o Description of the Assessment o Content & Skills Criteria/Cues o Analytical Rubric Conclusion 1. Introduction to the Lesson (Set Induction): Research indicates that children as young as 12 years of age are using OTC medications to relieve anxiety, stress, or pain, or simply to get high. In fact, one in every 11 teens has admitted to getting high on cough medicine. How many of you have ever been given a prescription medication? Were you in control of your medication, or did a parent/guardian monitor how much you were allowed to take? Did you have any leftover medication? If so, what happened to it? Is it still sitting in your medicine cabinet, did you flush it down the toilet, did you do something else with it? Medicines have strict guidelines and instructions for proper use, and we will talk about those uses today. 2. Bell Ringer (Instant Activity): Real-Life Issue Find a partner. With your partner, you will role play the scenario on the board. First, one person will play Monica, and one person will play Amy. Then, switch roles and reenact the scenario again. Scenario: Monica is on the swim team and has an earache. She visits her doctor, who prescribes an antibiotic. Monica is supposed to take the medicine for ten days. Her friend Amy, who is also on the swim team, thinks she may have an ear infection, too. Amy doesn t want to go to the doctor, though, so she asks Monica if she can share her medicine. Discussion: Monica needs to explain to Amy why she doesn t think she should share her medication. Writing: In your notebook, write down Monica s reasons why she shouldn t share her medication with Amy.

3 3. Content & Instructional Strategies: NHES Skill Self-Management Use self-management to make healthful choices and decisions (Lecture) o Demonstrate habits that contribute to health o Describe or demonstrate specific first aid and safety techniques o Identify strategies to avoid or manage unhealthy or dangerous situations o List the steps in the correct order if there is one o Basically Make Healthy Choices!! Food & Drug Administration (Q&A, Lecture) o The FDA decides how the medicine should be released if it passes all the standards of their testing. o To minimize risks to the public the federal government established laws and policies for testing and approving new medicines. This branch of government is called the Food and Drug Administration or (FDA). Distribution (Q&A, Lecture) o Prescriptions The FDA has ruled that certain medicines cannot be used without a written prescription by a licensed doctor and filled by a licensed pharmacist. o Over the Counter medicines (OTC) this group includes a wide variety of medicines that do not require prescriptions and must be used following directions because they could pose harmful effects if taken improperly. o When the FDA approves a medicine it is saying that the medicine is safe if used as directed and also that it is effective against that certain ailment. Medicinal Misuse - taking medicines unnecessarily or without following instructions o Medicines can promote health and prevent disease if used properly and taken as listed by the directions o Misuses: (Brainstorming, Q&A, Gadgets & Gizmos) giving a prescription medicine to a person for whom it was not prescribed or taking another person s medicine taking too much or too little of a medicine or taking a medicine for a longer or shorter period than prescribed discontinuing medicine without informing the health care professional mixing medicines o Other terms: (Lecture) Medicine abuse - Intentionally taking medications for non-medical reasons Drug overdose strong, sometimes fatal, reaction to taking a large amount of a drug o Reasons for misuse: (Brainstorming, Q&A, Gadgets & Gizmos) To lose weight To fit in with peers (pill parties, pharm parties) Monetary benefits To receive a high Justification e.g. My lower back really hurts; I ll just take some of my mom s old Hydrocodone. 4. In-Class Learning Activity: Over the Counter Label Worksheet

4 The class will be split up into groups of 2-3. Each group will be given an over-the-counter medicine label. Each label will contain active ingredients, an expiration date, a purpose, uses, and warnings/side effects. Each group will be given a worksheet to complete (see Appendices) o Questions: 1. What are the intended purposes of this product? 2. List the uses (conditions/symptoms that the product treats) of this product. 3. List the active ingredient(s) that are added to the product that treat the condition for which an individual may take this medication. 4. What are three warnings or side effects that associated with this product? 5. What is the date in which an individual must no longer use the medicine? Each group member must put his or her name on the worksheet in order to get credit for the assignment. The worksheets will be collected and graded using an analytical rubric. 5. In-Class Learning Activity Assessment-Description & Criteria Score the OTC Label Worksheet using the following core concepts criteria, skill cues, additional criteria, and analytical rubric. Core Concepts Content for Alcohol & Other Drugs shows: Accuracy Comprehensiveness Relationships among concepts Conclusions drawn Skill: Self-Management Demonstrate habits that contribute to health Describe or demonstrate specific first aid and safety techniques Identify strategies to avoid or manage unhealthy or dangerous situations List the steps in the correct order if there is one Additional Criteria Active Ingredients Uses of Product & Expiration Date Intended Purpose 3 Warnings/Side Effects At least 3 self-management techniques presented 6. Final Thoughts/Conclusion to the Lesson Like we said in class earlier, medicines do prevent illness and to stop the spread of disease. But, when medicines are misused and abused, the user cannot receive the full benefit of the drugs and can receive serious health consequences. Does anyone remember any of the reasons why or how medicines are misused and abused? (Call on students for responses). Great, I want you all to remember that no matter what the reason, you should never take a medicine that is not

5 prescribed to you. Also, remember to follow the directions exactly when taking a medicine. Use the self-management skills that we talked about today to help you make the right choices when it comes to medicinal use. 7. Classroom Management & Materials Classroom Materials o Handouts/Worksheets: OTC Label Worksheet, Drug & Medicine Homework, Grading Assessment Form, Analytical Rubric o Other Materials: PowerPoint presentation, medicine labels Classroom Management o For Content Delivery: Students will be seated at their assigned desks o For In-Class Learning Activity: Students will be working with a partner with their desks next to/facing each other Content References Bronson, M.H. (2011). Glencoe health. McGraw-Hill Publishing; Colombus, OH. Pp Caron Treatment Centers. (2013). Over the counter drugs. Caron Texas. org/knowledge-library/addiction-glossary-and-faq/over-the-counter-drugs Activity Reference(s) Bronson, M.H. (2011). Glencoe health. McGraw-Hill Publishing; Columbus, OH. P Example OTC Bottles/Labels: Appendices

6 Drugs and Medicine Homework Name Period Date Complete the following questions using notes from the first three drug/medicine lessons 1. Define Medicines. 2. Define Drugs. 3. Define Vaccine. 4. What are four broad categories of medicines? 5. What government organization tests and approves all new medications? 6. What are four medicines that promote health? 7. What are three interactions of medicines? 8. List three specific examples of medicine misuse.

7 Drugs and Medicine Homework (24) TEACHER KEY 1. Define Medicines. Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions 2. Define Drugs. Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind 3. Define Vaccine. Vaccines are preparations introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response; these medicines contain weakened or dead pathogens that stimulate your body to produce specific antibodies against those pathogens 4. What are four broad categories of medicines? The four categories of medicines are those that: help prevent disease fight pathogens, or infectious agents that cause disease relieve pain promote health, help maintain or restore health, and regulate the body s systems 5. What government organization tests and approves all new medications? The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) tests and approves all new medications before they become available to the public 6. What are four medicines that promote health? The four medicines that promote health are: allergy medicines body-regulating medicines antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines cancer treatment medicines 7. What are three interactions of medicines? (Students only need to list interactions, not define them) Additive interaction: occurs when medicines work together in a positive way. Ex. When an anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant are taken together to relieve joint pain

8 Synergistic Effect: interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken alone, one medicine increases the strength of the other. Ex. One medicine may boost the rate of digestion allowing the second to be absorbed faster. Antagonistic interaction: occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine. Ex. When a person receives an organ transplant they take anti-rejection medicine, if they are diabetic and take insulin this may decrease the effectiveness of the insulin. 8. List three specific examples of medicine misuse. giving a prescription medicine to a person for whom it was not prescribed or taking another person s medicine taking too much or too little of a medicine or taking a medicine for a longer or shorter period than prescribed discontinuing medicine without informing the health care professional mixing medicines

9 Student Instruction Sheet In-Class Learning Activity: Over the Counter Label Worksheet Form groups of 2-3 with partners of your choice. Each group will be given an over-the-counter medicine label. Each label will contain active ingredients, an expiration date, a purpose, uses, and warnings/side effects. Each group will be given a worksheet to complete; every group member s name must be on the worksheet in order to receive credit. o Questions: 1. What are the intended purposes of this product? 2. List the uses (conditions/symptoms that the product treats) of this product. 3. List the active ingredient(s) that are added to the product that treat the condition for which an individual may take this medication. 4. What are three warnings or side effects that associated with this product? 5. What is the date in which an individual must no longer use the medicine? 6. What are three self-management related tips to keep in mind when taking medicines? You will be scored using the following core concepts criteria, skill cues, additional criteria, and analytical rubric. o Core Concepts Content for Alcohol & Other Drugs shows: Accuracy Comprehensiveness Relationships among concepts Conclusions drawn o Skill: Self-Management Demonstrate habits that contribute to health Describe or demonstrate specific first aid and safety techniques Identify strategies to avoid or manage unhealthy or dangerous situations List the steps in the correct order if there is one o Additional Criteria Active Ingredients Uses of Product & Expiration Date Intended Purpose 3 Warnings/Side Effects At least 3 self-management techniques presented

10 Over-the-Counter Medicine Understanding the Label Directions: Form a group of 2-3. With your partner(s), study the picture of the medicinal label. Then, answer the following questions using the information you have gathered. 1. What are the intended purposes of this product? 2. List the uses (conditions/symptoms that the product treats) of this product. 3. List two active ingredient(s) that are added to the product that treat the condition for which an individual may take this medication. 4. What are three warnings or side effects that associated with this product? 5. What is the date in which an individual must no longer use the medicine? 6. What are three self-management related tips to keep in mind when taking medicines?

11 OTC Label Worksheet Grading Assessment Form /21 points Content (Core Concepts)-Accuracy & Comprehensiveness Self-Management (Skill) Intended Purpose Uses of Product & Expiration Date Active Ingredients Warnings/Side Effects At least 3 self-management techniques presented Total

12

13 Reflection Strengths o A strength of this lesson was the bell ringer. It got the students engaged immediately and challenged them to use critical thinking to decide what the problem was. Then, through class discussion, the students could share their own ideas and ask their classmates questions about why medicine safety is so important. o Another strength of this lesson was my instruction. I studied the material before I taught it, so I was extremely familiar with it. This allowed me to elaborate on and provide further examples for the content. The students really responded well to my instruction. They asked me questions and answered when I checked for understanding. Improvements o The timing at the end of the lesson was a little off. I was cut off by the bell in the middle of my conclusion and the students just got up and left. I need to work on being aware of the time so I can time the ending perfectly. o The students caught me off-guard a little with some of the inappropriate questions they asked me. I need to be sure to create an environment that is comfortable and open, yet appropriate for school. The students need to learn respect for their peers, as well as myself, in order to have the most effective class possible. Insights o After teaching four of the same lesson, I have improved upon my initial mistakes and crafted more effective lessons. The first time I teach a lesson, there are usually many flaws. I reflect after each lesson and brainstorm ways to improve the lesson. The later classes benefit from these changes and generally receive better lessons than the first classes did.