Stability or Change?

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Gwen Hodge
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8 Stability or Change?

10 The Dynamics of Intelligence Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

11 Extremes of Intelligence A valid intelligence test divides two groups of people into two extremes: the mentally retarded (IQ 70) and individuals with high intelligence (IQ 135). These two groups are significantly different. Intellectual Disability

It has historically been defined as an I.Q score under 70.

12 The Exceptional Child Intellectual Disability A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below adaptive behaviors with onset before the age of 18. It has historically been defined as an I.Q score under 70. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Down Syndrome condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

13 Giftedness Often conceived as representing the upper 2% of the IQ range Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

14 Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

16 MENSA Largest, oldest, and best known high-iq society in the world. It is open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardized, supervised intelligence test The minimum accepted score on the Stanford-Binet is 132, while for the Cattell it is 148. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

Savant Syndrome condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an amazing specific skill Computation, drawing Autistic savant *Although there is a strong association with

17 Savant Syndrome condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an amazing specific skill Computation, drawing Autistic savant *Although there is a strong association with autism, it is certainly not the case that all savants are autistic. *estimated that about 50% of the cases of savant syndrome are autistic *other 50% have developmental disabilities and CNS injuries.

18 Savant Syndrome _KItZM Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007

23 Nature vs. Nurture: Intelligence Twin studies: Nature Studies show that twins raised together have almost same intelligence test scores those raised apart have very similar scores Bouchard (twin researcher) estimates 70% of intelligence score variation can be attributed to genes (heritability) Others say 30-50% Environment: Nurture A stimulating sensory environment can influence Nutrition impacts cognitive development Not all experts can agree

25 Genetic Influences Child-parent correlation in verbal ability scores years 16 years Children and their birth parents Adopted children and their birth parents Adopted children and their adoptive parents

26 Genetic Influences Identical twins ACT Similarity of intelligence scores (correlation) Identical Identical twins twins reared reared together apart Fraternal twins reared together Siblings reared together Unrelated individuals reared together The most genetically similar people have the most similar scores

27 Reasons for Why Environment Affects Intelligence 1.The races are remarkably alike genetically. 2.Race is a social category. 3.Asian students outperform North American students on math achievement and aptitude tests. 4.Today s better prepared populations would outperform populations of the 1930s on intelligence tests. 5.White and black infants tend to score equally well on tests predicting future intelligence. 6.In different eras, different ethnic groups have experienced periods of remarkable achievement.

) Sensation More sensitive to touch, taste, odor Emotion detecting Facial emotions & better responsiveness Equal to boys in math

28 Group Differences in Test Scores Same in Overall Intelligence Girls Boys Better spellers Verbal ability Fluency & remembering words Nonverbal memory Objects & location (evolution? berries & food?) Sensation More sensitive to touch, taste, odor Emotion detecting Facial emotions & better responsiveness Equal to boys in math better at math computation Math problem solving (SAT math) Physics Computer science Spatial abilities ex: fitting suitcases in car trunk, chess Far greater variance Lots more at low extreme & high extreme than girls

they have received similar knowledge and skills Black & white HS scores - gap increases; Black & white

30 Racial Races have different average test scores Races are genetically similar, so is the difference more environmental (race as a social construct) Black and white infants score similar on intell measure when they have received similar knowledge and skills Black & white HS scores - gap increases; Black & white college scores gap decreases Individual performance differences may be genetic, but group differences are not

31 Is the SAT biased? Stereotype Threat A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype Bias (2 types) if it 1. Assumes cultural experiences 2. Predicts (validity) for only some groups

32 Why do intelligent people fail? 1) Lack of motivation 2) Lack of impulse control 3) Lack of perseverance and preservation. 4) Using the wrong abilities. 5) Inability to translate thought into action 6) Lack of product orientation 7) Inability to complete tasks 8) Failure to initiate 9) Fear of failure 10) Procrastination

33 Why do intelligent people fail? 11) Misattribution of blame 12) Excessive self-pity 13) Excessive dependency 14) Wallowing in personal difficulties 15) Distractibility 16) Spreading oneself too thin 17) Inability to delay gratification 18) Inability to see the forest for the trees 19) Lack of balance between critical thinking and creative thinking 20) Too little or too much self-confidence

Intelligence. Exam 3. iclicker. My Brilliant Brain. What is Intelligence? Conceptual Difficulties. Chapter 10

Intelligence. Exam 3. iclicker. My Brilliant Brain. What is Intelligence? Conceptual Difficulties. Chapter 10 Exam 3 iclicker Mean: 32.8 Median: 33 Mode: 33 SD = 6.4 How many of you have one? Do you think it would be a good addition for this course in the future? Top Score: 49 Top Cumulative Score to date: 144