Index. Angiogenesis inhibitors, 108 Anorexia, 177, 178 Antioxidants, 15 Anxiety, 181 Aromatase inhibitors, 105 Artificial sweeteners, 15, 18

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1 A Abdominal/pelvis CT, 75 Acquired/modifiable genetic risk factors, 9, 10 identification and counseling, basal cell cancers, 26 breast cancer, 24, 26 colorectal cancers, 26, 27 endometrial cancers, 27, 28 family history, 21, 24 for healthy lifestyle, 21, 24 leukemia, 28, 29 medical history, 21 medications, 21 melanoma, malignant, 28 ovarian cancers, 28 prostate cancer, 29 social history, 21 three-generation family history, 24 Adoptive T-cell transfer, 105 Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATLL), 11 Alarm symptoms, 70 Alcohol consumption, 12, 13 Alvimopan, 174 American Cancer Society (ACS), 38 Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 104 Angiogenesis inhibitors, 108 Anorexia, 177, 178 Antioxidants, 15 Anxiety, 181 Aromatase inhibitors, 105 Artificial sweeteners, 15, 18 B Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, 105 Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, 30 Bladder cancer epidemiology, Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation, 110 Bone mineral density testing, 135 Bowel dysfunction, 138, 140, 147 Brain cancer, 79, 80 BRCA gene mutation, 41 BRCA risk assessment, 29 Breast cancer epidemiology, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 L. Nekhlyudov et al. (eds.), Caring for Patients Across the Cancer Care Continuum, 197

2 198 Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations, Breast mass, 72 Breast MRI, 73 Breast pain, 72 Breast tomosynthesis (3D mammogram), 45, 46 C Cachexia, 177 Canadian Task Force (CTFPHC), 39 Canadian Task Force FAQs, Algorithm and Risk/ Benefit Summaries, 48 Cancer care, 1 Cancer diagnosis breast diagnostic mammography, 72 mammography, 73 MRI, 73 risk factors, 72 signs/symptoms, 72 ultrasound, 73 colorectal colonoscopy, 75 risk factors, 75 signs and symptoms, 75 video endoscopy capsule, 75 components, 71 epidemiology, 70 ethnicity/race, 88 gynecologic (see Gynecologic cancers) high-risk groups, 88, 89 lung chest radiograph, 76 PET/CT, 77 risk factors, 76 signs/symptoms, 76 solitary pulmonary nodule, 77 tissue diagnosis, 77 primary care provider, 89 prostate digital rectal exam evaluation, 74 PSA derivatives, 74 risk factors, 73 signs/symptoms, 73 signs/symptoms of malignancy, Cancer incidence by age, 19 Cancer prevention definition, 7 incidence, 7 modifiable behavioral risk factors, 8 primary, 7 screening tests, 8 secondary, 8 tertiary, 8 Cancer screening, 69 Cancer surveillance, 70 Cancer survivors adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers, 152 advanced/chronic cancer, bladder cancer, bone marrow transplantation, 151 breast cancer, care for, 126 chemotherapy-related long-term and late effects, 128 colorectal cancer, communication and care coordination, 133 definition, 125 genetic testing, 127 gynecological malignancies, head and neck cancers,

3 199 health promotion, disease prevention and chronic disease management, lung cancer, lymphoma and leukemia, management melanoma, prostate cancer, psychosocial effects, 130, 131 screening for second cancer, 144 surgery-related long-term and late effects, 128, surveillance for recurrences, 127 thyroid cancer, in United States, 126 Cancer, 4 Cancer treatment in adolescents, 120 alkylating agents, 99, 103 antimetabolites, 103 antitumor antibiotics, 104 breast, 111 cancer types, 96 98, in children, 117 colorectal, 111 comorbidity management, 121 Gleason score, 112 lung (non-small cell), 112, 113 modalities and guidelines, 4 in older adults, 120 patient care, 121 PCP role, 121, 122 performance status, 94 plant alkaloids, 104 prostate, 112 prostatectomy, 112 staging, 94, 95 TNM Staging System, 95 toxicities, factors, 113 management, 117 tumor type/organ, 95 types chemotherapy, 99, 103, 104 hormonal therapy, 104, 105 immunotherapy, radiation therapy, 109 surgery, 109, 110 targeted therapy, 108 transplants, 110 vaccines, 107 in young adults, 120 Carcinogen, 14 Carcinogenesis, 13 Cardiomyopathy, 135 Care transitions from primary to specialty care, 3 CARING Criteria, 163 Cell phones, 18 Cervical cancer, 79, 145 Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines, 51, 52 Chemoprevention, 20 Chronic dyspepsia, 82 Colorectal cancer (CRC) epidemiology, 137 screening average risk individuals guidelines, benefits and harms, 53, 54 epidemiology, 53 high risk individuals guidelines, 58 high risk populations, 57 screening guidelines, Comorbid medical conditions, 1 Corticosteroids, 178 Cytokines, 105

4 200 D Deodorant and antiperspirant, 20 Depression, 180, Diet, 14, 15 Dietary and physical activity guidelines, 25 Diethylsilbestrol (DES) exposure, 10 in utero, 50 Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), 72 Digital rectal examination (DRE), 60 Disease prevention and care coordination, 4 DNA damage, 13 Dronabinol, 178 Duloxetine, 135 E Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, 94 Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), 170 EGFR inhibitors, 108 Elective surgery, 20 Endometrial cancer, cervical, 79 examination, 78 risk factors, 78 signs/symptoms, 78 Environmental carcinogen exposure, 14 Epidemiology of cancer diagnoses, 4 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, 106 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), 11 Estrogen therapy, 10 European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, 59 External beam, radiation source, 109 F Family History Screen 7 (FHS-7), 29, 45 Fat cells, 16 Fatigue, 144 Fluoride, 15 Foods/additives, 14, 15 Functional status and cancer prognosis, 121 G Gail model, 29 Genetic mutations, cancer, 9 Genetic risk factors, 8 10 Genitourinary cancers, 83, 84 Gynecological cancers endometrial (see Endometrial cancer) (see Ovarian cancer) epidemiology, Gynecology oncology, 53 Gynecomastia, 140 H Hair dye use and cancer, 20 Head and neck cancers, 80, 81 epidemiology, Health promotion, 4 Healthy lifestyles for cancer survivors, 132 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), 12 Hemoptysis, 76 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), 11 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), 11 Hereditary risk, 24 High-energy radiation, 17 HIV, 11 Hodgkin lymphoma, 85

5 201 Home-based palliative care, 164 Hormonal exposure, 10 Hormone supplementation, 105 Hospice care, 158 HPV testing methods, 50 Human carcinogen, 14 Human herpesvirus-8, 12 Human papillomavirus (HPV), 11 Human T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 11 Hysterectomy, 30 I Immunoconjugates, 107 Immunotherapy, 105 Inflammation, 10 Inherited genetic risk factors, 9 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), 109 Intermittent pain, 188 Internal, radiation source, 109 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 14 J JAMA Patient Infographic Regarding Benefits and Harms of Screening, 48 K Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSVH), 12 L Laryngeal tumors, 81 Lifestyle/health behaviors, Lubiprostone, 174 Lung cancer epidemiology, 147 screening benefits and harms, 62 decision-making, 63 epidemiology, 62 guidelines by organization, 62, Lymphedema, 135 Lymphoma, 85, 86 and leukemia epidemiology, Lynch syndrome associated cancers, 28 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy, 74 Malignant germ cell tumors, 145 Manchester scoring system, 29, 45 Medical durable power of attorney (MDPOA), 168 Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) screening, 65 Megestrol, 178 Melanoma epidemiology, 150 screening, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), 12 Methadone, 189 Methylnaltrexone, 173 Mirtazapine, 179 Modifiable, non-genetic risk factors, Monoclonal antibodies (Mab), 106

6 202 Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (MEN-2), screening, 65 N Naloxegol, 174 National Toxicology Program (NTP) Report on Carcinogens, 14 Nausea and vomiting chemotherapy-induced, 176 opioid-induced, 176 Neuropathic pain, 188 Nociceptive pain, 188 Noncyclical, unilateral or focal breast pain, 73 Non-genetic risk factors, 8, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 85, 86 Non-modifiable, non-genetic risk factors, 18 Nutritional counseling, 30 Nutritional supplements, 19 O Obesity, 16 breast cancer, 16 colorectal cancer, 16 esophageal adenocarcinoma, 16 gallbladder cancer, 17 gastric cardia cancer, 17 liver cancer, 17 meningioma, 17 multiple myeloma, 17 ovarian cancer, 17 pancreatic cancer, 17 renal cell cancer, 17 thyroid cancer, 17 Ontario risk assessment tool, 29, 45 Opioids, 190 Opisthorchis viverrini, 12 Oral cavity tumors, 80 Organ transplantation, 10 Ostomy-related effects, 138 Ovarian cancer, 145 evaluation, 78 risk factors, 77 signs/symptoms, 77 Ovarian screening, 64 P Palliative/end-of-life care, 4 advanced care planning, anxiety management, 181 assessment, 158 benefits of, 162 billing for advance care planning, cachexia and anorexia, cancer-related fatigue, 179 in children, 192 communication strategies, 159 concepts in, 158 constipation management, coverage and reimbursement, 164 definition, 157 delivery models, depression, 180 dyspnea management, family and caregivers, 161 goals of care, 159 nausea and vomiting management, non English speaking population, pain management, patient-centered decisionmaking, 161 physician assisted dying, prognostication, triggers for referral, 162

7 203 in young adult patients, 192 Palpable breast mass-imaging evaluation, 72 Pancreatic cancer, 82, 83 Papanicolaou screening, 50 Paraneoplastic syndrome, 76 Patient-centered decisionmaking, 161 Patient engagement and decision making, 2 Pedigree assessment tool, 29, 45 Pharyngeal tumors, 80 Physician assisted dying (PAD), 166 Physician orders of lifesustaining treatment (POLST), 169 Population-level prevalence of genetic risk factors, 8 Positive predictive value (PPV) of symptoms, 70 Postmenopausal bleeding, 78 Power lines, 19 Precancerous conditions detection, 20 Precancers, 50 Prevention, cancer, 2 Primary care physicians (PCPs), 121 Primary care providers, 1, 2, 20, 93 colorectal cancer screening, 58 lung cancer, 63 role of, 47, 48 Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, 106 Prophylactic colectomy, 30 Prostate cancer epidemiology, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, 59 Prostate specific antigen (PSA), 59, 74 Prucalopride, 174 Psychosocial interventions, depression, 181, 182 R Radiation exposure, 17 Radon, 17 Referral Screening Tool (B-RST), 29, 45 Renal cancer, 84, 85 Risk-reducing salpingooophorectomy, 30 S Sarcomas, 145 Schistosoma hematobium, 12 Screening, cancer breast benefits and harms, elastography, 47 electrical impedence imaging, 47 epidemiology, 39 high-risk groups, 41 modes of, molecular breast imaging, 46 positive emission mammography, 47 prophylactic treatment, 41 risk estimation, 45 ultrasound, 46 cervical benefits and harms, 49 epidemiology, 48 HPV vaccination, 53 Pap testing, 53 surveillance procedures, 49 treatment procedures, 49, 50

8 204 Screening, cancer (cont.) CRC (see Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening) guidelines, 2 lung (see Lung cancer screening) prostate, 60, 61 benefits and harms, 59, 60 epidemiology, 59 PCP, 61 Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), 105 Sexual dysfunction, 140 Signal transduction inhibitors, 108 Sinus tumors, 81 Skin malignancy, 86, 87 Smokeless tobacco, 18 Solid food dysphagia, 82 Solid organ transplantation, 110 Sugar, 18 Synthetic cannabinoids, 178 T Targeted proteins, 108 Tea, 15 Testicular cancer, 85 Testicular screening, 65 Thyroid cancer epidemiology, 149 screening, Tobacco, 18 Transplants, 110 Transrectal prostate biopsy, 74 Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy, 74 Tumor markers, 75 U Ultraviolet radiation, 18 United States Preventive Services Task Force Selected tools, 29 Upper gastrointestinal cancers, 81, 82 Urine prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCa3) RNA test, 75 USPSTF Clinical Summary of Mammography Screening Recommendations, Benefits and Harms, 38, 40, 48 V Vaccination recommendations for cancer survivors, Vaginal cancer, 145 Vaginal discharge, 78 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, 107 Vitamin D, 15 Vulvar cancer, 145 W Wellness programs, 30 World Health Organization (WHO) Screening Criteria, 36