LINEAR HIGHER ALCOHOLS

Transcription

1 Report No. 27 LINEAR HIGHER ALCOHOLS by ROBERT G. MULLER August 1967 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE -I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA

2 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY.,..., INDUSTRY STATUS., PRIMARY ALCOHOL3 BY ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION... Introduction... Chemistry... Preparation of Triethylaluminum... Ethylene Polymerization... Oxidation of Aluminum Alkyls... Hydrolysis of Aluminum Alcoholates... Summary of Processes... Preparation of Triethylaluminum... Ethylene Polymerization... Oxidation of Aluminum Alkyls... Hydrolysis of Aluminum Alcoholates... Purification of Alcohols... Process Description... Materials of Construction... Process Discussion... Cost Estimates... Capital Costs... Production Costs... 5 PRIMARY ALCOHOLS BY MODIFIED ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION... Introduction... Chemistry... Displacement or Transalkylation... Summary of Processes... Process Description... Materials of Construction... Process Discussion... Cost Estimates... Capital Costs... Production Costs iii

3 CONTENTS 6 HIGHER PRIMARY ALCOHOLS BY THE OXO PROCESS Introduction Chemistry Review of Processes Process Description Materials of Construction Process Discussion Cost Estimates Part A--Linear Alpha Olefin Feedstock Capital Costs Production Costs Part B--Internal Olefin Feedstocks... Capital Costs Production Costs SECONDARY ALCOHOLS BY PARAFFIN OXIDATION Introduction Chemistry Summary of Processes Process Description Materials of Construction Process Discussion Cost Estimates Capital Costs Production Costs HIGHER Alcohols FROM FATS AND OILS Coconut Oil Sperm Oil Tallow Castor Oil ALCOHOLS BY OTHER PROCESSES Olefin Hydration Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides Ester Hydrolysis Acid Hydrogenation Miscellaneous Alcohol Processes iv

4 CONTENTS APPENDIX A DESIGN AND COST BASIS APPENDIX B PHYSICAL DATA APPENDIX C RAW MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS CITED REFERENCES V

5 ILLUSTRATIONS Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Effect of Raw Material Costs on Alcohol Production Cost.. 81 Alcohol Production Cost versus By-Product Credits Effect of Operating Level and Production Capacity on Alcohol Production Cost Schematic Diagram of Modified Ethylene Polymerization Process Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Triisobutyl aluminum Preparation and Isobutylene Recovery. 115 Effect of Raw Material Costs on Alcohol Production Cost Effect of Aluminum Sulfate Credit on Alcohol Production cost Effect of Operating Level and Production Capacity on Alcohol Production Cost Effect of Temperature on Hydroformylation Rate Constants. 136 Higher Primary Alcohols by 0x0 Process Effect of Raw Material Costs on Alcohol Production Cost Effect of Heavy Ends Recovery on Alcohol Production Cost. 168 Effect of Operating Rate and Production Level on Alcohol Production Cost Variation of Plant Total Fixed Cost with Amount of Dilute Paraffin in Internal Olefin Feedstock Production Cost of Alcohols from Internal Olefins Effect of Operating Rate and Production Level on Alcohol Production Cost vii

6 TABLES 2.1 Summary of Costs for Evaluated Processes Plant Capacities: United States Plant Capacities: Outside the United States Theoretical Poisson Distribution of Alkyl Chains in Growth Reaction Product Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Major Process Equipment List and Utilities Summary Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Stream Flows: TEA Preparation, Ethylene Polymerization, and Alkyl Oxidation Sections Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Stream Flows: Hydrolysis and Alcohol Purification Sections Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Process Unit and Utilities Investment Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Total Capital Investment Primary Alcohols by Ethylene Polymerization Production Costs Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Major Process Equipment List and Utilities Summary Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Stream Flows: Ethylene Polymerization and Transalkylation Sections Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Stream Flows: Oxidation, Hydrolysis, and Alcohol Purification Sections Triisobutylaluminum Preparation and Isobutylene Recovery Major Process Equipment List Triisobutylaluminum Preparation and Isobutylene Recovery Stream Flows Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Process Unit and Utilities Investment ix

7 TABLES Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Total Capital Investment Primary Alcohols by Modified Ethylene Polymerization Production Costs Triisobutylaluminum Production Production Costs Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary Stream Flows Process Unit and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment Production Costs Linear Summary of Processes Major Process Equipment and Utilities Summary Stream Flows Process Unit and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment Production Costs Estimate of the Cost of Alcohols Produced from Coconut Oil 219 X