Chemical Basis For Life Open Ended Questions:
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1 Chemical Basis For Life Open Ended Questions: Answer the following questions to the best of your ability: Make sure you read each question carefully and provide answers to all of the parts of the question. Do not leave any question blank. Question: Explain how the unique bonding properties of carbon allow it to form the large and complex molecules found in the cells of all organisms. Your answer should include three different bonding properties of carbon. Answer Key: Rubic: 3 pts: Three key elements are present. 2 pts: Two key elements are present. 1 pt: One key element is present. 0 pts: No key elements are present. Key elements: A: Carbon has four valence electrons and can form four covalent bonds with a large number of other elements, notably oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, as well as other carbon atoms.
2 B: Carbon atoms can form long chains as well as rings, which form the skeletons of complex molecules. C: Carbon atoms can combine with other atoms using single, double, and triple bonds. single, bond, double, triple, ring, chain, covalent, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen Rubric: 3 pts: Three key elements 2 pts: Two key elements 1 pt: One key element
3 0 pts: No key elements A: Very high temperatures denature proteins, or cause a change in the protein structure of the enzyme involved. The enzyme and the substrate no longer fit together at the active site and the enzymatic reaction stops. Other equivalent statement. Note answer choice must use term denature. B: Low temperatures tend to slow down the enzymatic reaction, sometimes stopping it. Other equivalent statement. enzyme, substrate, complex, ionic, bonds, fit, reaction
4 Question: A student is studying the effect of temperature and ph on a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme urease in the human body. The optimum temperature for enzymatic activity in this case is 37 C. Sketch a graph showing approximately how the rate of reaction varies with temperature between 20 C and 60 C. Explain the nature of the graph. Answer Key: Rubric: 2 pts: Two key elements are present. 1 pt: One key element is present. 0 pts: No key elements are present. Key elements: A: A bell-shaped graph with its peak around 37 C.
5 Other reasonable graph. B: The rate of reaction peaks at around 37 C. The reaction rate falls drastically if the temperature is raised or lowered significantly off this optimum value. This gives rise to a bell-shaped curve. bell-shaped, rate, reaction, peak, optimum, 37 Biology
6 Lipids are compounds that consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded by nonpolar bonds that make them hydrophobic. Therefore, lipids will not mix with water. Another property of lipids is that they contain high energy bonds. A gram of fat, a large lipid, stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of starch, a carbohydrate. There are two categories of lipids, saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fats are solids at room temperature and unsaturated fats are liquids. Diets rich in saturated fats can contribute to cardiovascular disease when lipid deposits called plaques build up on the blood vessels reducing blood flow. Question: Describe the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. The Chemical Basis for Life (BIO.A.2.2.2) Macromolecules (BIO.A.2.2.3) Compare Carbohydrates Answer Key: Saturated refers to the maximum numbers of hydrogens bonded to the carbon chain. The carbon chain in a saturated fat has all single bonds. Unsaturated refers to carbon chains with some double bonds and less than the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the chain. The double bonds cause kinks in the carbon chain that make it impossible for the carbon chain to be compressed so the unsaturated
7 fat can not solidify at room temperature. Examples of unsaturated fats are vegetable oils and olive oil. lipds, saturated, unsaturated, carbon, chain, maximum, hydrogen, bond, single, double, oil C-C Saturated C=C Unsaturated
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