A. Mark Twain B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Walt Whitman D. Margaret Fuller

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1 Famous People Famous People Which president contracted smallpox a short time before delivering a famous speech? A. George Washington B. Abraham Lincoln C. Grover Cleveland D. Thomas Jefferson What famous author nearly died after intentionally exposing him/herself to a friend who had measles? A. Mark Twain B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Walt Whitman D. Margaret Fuller Famous People Famous People Roald Dahl, author of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, lost his daughter to what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Diphtheria B. Measles C. Chickenpox D. Pneumococcal disease What famous kid s game was invented by Eleanor Abbott while she recovered from polio in a hospital ward? A. Chutes and Ladders B. Jacks C. Candy Land D. Trouble

2 The correct answer is A When Mark Twain was 12 years old, a measles epidemic swept through his town. Feeling like a prisoner in his own house, he decided to visit his friend who was sick with measles. Twain wrote about this experience in The Turning-Point of My Life. The correct answer is B Abraham Lincoln became ill with smallpox a few days before delivering the Gettysburg Address. Current research suggests that the severity of Lincoln s illness was downplayed by his doctor to prevent the public from worrying that their president was dying. The correct answer is C Eleanor Abbott designed Candy Land in 1945 while she recovered from polio in a San Diego hospital ward. Candy Land was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in The correct answer is B Roald Dahl s daughter, Olivia, died at age 7 from encephalitis caused by measles. After Olivia s death, Roald became a vaccine advocate.

3 Famous People Famous People Although he died well before the vaccine was invented, Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland, died from what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Smallpox B. Shingles C. Polio D. Influenza Ironically, what American died 10 years to the day before the first polio vaccine was licensed in the U.S.? A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) B. James (Jimmy) Carter C. John F. Kennedy D. Abraham Lincoln Famous People Famous People The son of which U.S. president died in infancy due to influenza? A. Abraham Lincoln B. Franklin Delano Roosevelt C. George W. Bush D. Bill Clinton What U.S. president underwent smallpox variolation so he could conduct business in Boston without fearing the disease? A. John Adams B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson D. Theodore Roosevelt

4 The correct answer is A Franklin Delano Roosevelt was diagnosed with polio at age 39, 12 years before becoming President of the United States. He died 10 years to the day before the first polio vaccine was licensed in the U.S. The irony was that Roosevelt was a tireless advocate of the polio vaccine program, starting a program known as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which later became the March of Dimes. The correct answer is D Lewis Carroll wrote many stories but is probably most famous for writing Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Lewis Carroll died from influenza in The correct answer is A Prior to becoming president, John Adams conducted a lot of business in Boston. During the 1760s, a smallpox epidemic broke out in Boston. Adams didn t want to risk infection or delay his work, so he was intentionally inoculated with smallpox, which was a common practice during that time. Known as variolation, the virus was taken from a pustule of one person and inoculated into another. The correct answer is B Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and his wife Eleanor had their first child in Over the next 10 years, the Roosevelts had five more children, all of whom were boys. Unfortunately, one child became sick with influenza as an infant and died as a result.

5 Famous People Famous People Mary Mallon was a carrier of the bacterium Salmonella typhi and unknowingly made people sick. What was Mary s nickname when her carrier status was discovered? A. Pertussis Mary B. Mighty Mary the Cook C. Typhoid Mary D. Sick Mary Two NCAA basketball teams during the season played multiple games without any spectators due to an outbreak of what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Influenza B. Haemophilus influenzae type b C. Measles D. Pertussis Famous People Famous People What vaccine-preventable disease did Anne Frank suggest her dad was ill with while the family was hiding? Public funerals for victims of this vaccine-preventable disease were banned? A. Diphtheria B. Measles C. Rubella D. Tetanus A. Smallpox B. Diphtheri C. Cholera D. Polio

6 The correct answer is C A measles outbreak during the basketball season caused Siena College (New York) and the University of Hartford (Connecticut) basketball teams to play five games each without spectators. Interestingly, both teams played better in the absence of fans, scoring more points and attaining higher free-throw percentages The correct answer is C Nicknamed Typhoid Mary, Mary Mallon was the first carrier of Salmonella typhi in the United States who showed no symptoms of the illness. As a cook, Mary infected 51 people, three of whom died. She was put in isolation twice to prevent her from further spreading the disease. The correct answer is D Because the cause and contagiousness of polio was unknown and the panic was fierce, things like public funerals for victims were banned. In addition, swimming pools, churches and cinemas were closed during the summer months or polio season. The correct answer is B During World War II while Jewish families were in hiding from the Germans, they could not get medical care, so it is not confirmed that Otto Frank had measles. However, Anne described her dad as being ill with a high fever and rash illness.

7 Famous People Famous People Americans donated enough dimes toward polio research during the March of Dimes campaign to stretch from where to where? A. New York to Moscow B. Los Angeles to New York C. New York to Chicago D. Boston to Florida What disease was the focus of research during WWII because of the number of soldiers it killed during WWI? A. Polio B. Influenza C. Measles D. Chickenpox Famous People Famous People Which vaccinologist is buried in Arlington National Cemetery? A. Jonas Salk B. Basil O Connor C. Simon Flexner D. Albert Sabin What famous philanthropist said vaccines are a miracle, and that with just a few doses, they can prevent deadly diseases for a lifetime? A. Oprah B. Bill Gates C. Warren Buffett D. George Clooney

8 The correct answer is B During WWI, the U.S. Military lost more soldiers to Spanish Influenza than those killed by the enemy. Therefore, research into influenza vaccines and treatment was a major military focus between the end of WWI and WWII. The correct answer is A By 1952, Americans had answered the call of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP, later known as the March of Dimes), and donated enough dimes to stretch from New York to Moscow. The donations were used to establish rehabilitation centers, support families, transport iron lungs into areas of outbreak and to fund vaccine research. The correct answer is B Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, is a known vaccine advocate and founder of End Polio Now, an initiative working toward global polio eradication. The correct answer is D Albert Sabin had retained the rank of lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army. His tombstone carried the inscription: SABIN. Developer of the vaccine that made possible the global eradication of poliomyelitis.

9 Famous People Famous People What famous 1970s/1980s singer caught polio during the 1951 pandemic? A. Freddie Mercury B. Jon Bon Jovi C. Neil Young D. John Lennon Jane Austen, author of Pride and Prejudice, died from what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Smallpox B. Rubella C. Tuberculosis D. Diphtheria Famous People Famous People Sacajawea is said to have died from what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Rubella B. Chickenpox C. Shingles D. Diphtheria The iron lung design used in America was nicknamed after which animal? A. Hippopotamus B. Alligator C. Crocodile D. Tiger

10 The correct answer is C Besides Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen wrote many great literary works including Northanger Abbey, Persuasion, and Sense and Sensibility. During her lifetime, Jane s work did not offer much in the way of fame. However, upon the publication of her nephew s book, A Memoir of Jane Austen, Jane Austen s work became much more well-known and she was recognized as a great English writer. The correct answer is C In 1951, the last major polio outbreak occurred in Ontario, Canada. Neil Young, who was only a child at the time, became sick with the disease. After surviving the illness, Neil Young grew up to become a successful musician and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. The correct answer is B The iron lung got this nickname because of its hinged top half, which could be lifted up to engulf the patient. It was an improvement on the original design since it was lighter, cheaper and made nurses tasks with patients much easier. The correct answer is D Sacajawea was the Native American Indian interpreter and guide for the Lewis and Clark expeditions. She is said to have died from diphtheria.

11 Vaccines Vaccines Who do you think received the most immunologic components in vaccines? Development of which vaccine slowed after the invention of antibiotics? A. Children born in 1942 B. Children born in 1982 C. Children born in 2000 D. Children born in 2010 A. Influenza vaccine B. Meningococcal vaccine C. Pneumococcal vaccine D. Rotavirus vaccine Vaccines Vaccines What is the only oral vaccine currently used in the United States? A. Influenza vaccine B. Polio vaccine C. Rotavirus vaccine D. MMR vaccine While most vaccines are not given to pregnant women, which vaccines are recommended for pregnant women? A. Hepatitis A and HPV vaccines B. Rotavirus and hepatitis B vaccines C. Influenza and pertussis vaccines D. HPV and MMR vaccines

12 The correct answer is C Antibiotics to treat pneumococcal infections were discovered in the 1940s and caused interest in vaccine development to decline. However, when Streptococcus pneumoniae started to become antibiotic resistant, the importance of continuing to develop a vaccine for pneumococcal disease became apparent. The correct answer is A Children born in 1942 received four vaccines that contained more than 3,000 immunologic components. Conversely, children today receive 14 vaccines that contain fewer than 150 immunologic components. The correct answer is C The influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women because they have an increased risk of suffering complications if infected with influenza during their pregnancy. Pregnant women are also recommended to receive a dose of Tdap between 27 and 36 weeks gestation to protect both themselves and their newborns from pertussis (whooping cough). The correct answer is C Rotavirus vaccine is the only oral vaccine used in the United States. Although oral and injectable forms of polio vaccine have been created, the oral version is not used in the U.S.

13 Vaccines Vaccines What vaccine are parents and family members recommended to get prior to a baby s birth to protect the baby from whooping cough? A. Hib vaccine B. Tdap vaccine C. MMR vaccine D. Hep A vaccine Which of the following is not a reason why males should receive the HPV vaccine? A. To prevent head and neck cancer B. To prevent genital warts C. To decrease HPV transmission D. To prevent gonorrhea Vaccines Vaccines What vaccine is given to girls to protect their future unborn babies? What was the first vaccine to prevent a known cause of cancer? A. Rubella vaccine B. Measles vaccine C. Varicella (Chickenpox) vaccine D. Hepatitis A vaccine A. Shingles vaccine B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. MMR vaccine D. Chickenpox vaccine

14 The correct answer is D The HPV vaccine is important for preventing head and neck cancer and genital warts in males, but does not prevent gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease). Further, by giving HPV vaccine to males, transmission between sexual partners will decrease. The correct answer is B The Tdap vaccine is recommended for parents and any adult family members who plan to be around a baby. In fact, all pregnant women are recommended to receive a dose of Tdap between 27 and 36 weeks gestation The correct answer is B Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer. Therefore, when the hepatitis B vaccine was developed, it was the first vaccine to prevent a known cause of cancer. Today, two routinely administered vaccines prevent cancer the hepatitis B vaccine and the HPV vaccine. The correct answer is A Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur if a woman becomes infected with rubella before 20 weeks gestation. CRS can cause miscarriage, fetal death, premature delivery or other birth defects. Preventing CRS is the main reason the rubella vaccine is given to girls.

15 Vaccines Vaccines What vaccine leads to a stronger immune response than what would occur after natural infection? A. HPV vaccine B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. Rotavirus vaccine D. Chickenpox vaccine What vaccine is often thought of as a travel vaccine, but is actually recommended for anyone who wants to be protected? A. HPV vaccine B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. Hepatitis A vaccine D. Chickenpox vaccine Vaccines Vaccines What vaccine was made using virus isolated from a little boy in Japan in the 1970s? Which of these are not in a high-risk group and therefore not recommended to get pneumococcal disease? A. Rotavirus vaccine B. Chickenpox vaccine C. Mumps vaccine D. Measles vaccine A. People undergoing chemotherapy B. Adults 65 years of age and older C. People who smoke D. Pregnant women

16 The correct answer is C The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for people traveling to countries where there is a great risk of becoming infected with hepatitis A. However, anyone who wants to be protected from hepatitis A can receive the vaccine. Since hepatitis A can spread through contaminated food and water, such as in restaurants, getting a hepatitis A vaccine can protect non-travelers as well. The correct answer is A The HPV vaccine, which prevents cervical cancer in women, elicits a stronger immune response and thus provides greater protection against the virus than if a person gained immunity to the virus from infection. Hib and tetanus vaccines also provide greater protection than acquiring immunity through natural infection. The correct answer is D Although pregnant women are not specifically recommended to get the pneumococcal vaccine, several other groups are, including people undergoing chemotherapy, adults age 65 years of age and older, people who smoke, and adults with heart or lung disease, liver disease, diabetes, cancer or asthma. Adults who do not have a functioning spleen, suffer from alcoholism or are HIV positive should also receive the pneumococcal vaccine. The correct answer is B The chickenpox vaccine was made by isolating chickenpox virus from a young boy in Japan who was sick with chickenpox. This strain of chickenpox virus is known as the Oka strain because the child s last name was Oka.

17 Vaccines Vaccines What vaccine used to be made using virus isolated from human blood, but with advanced technology, is now made using a viral surface protein grown in yeast cells? A. Measles vaccine B. Pertussis vaccine C. Hepatitis B vaccine D. Shingles vaccine Written proof of receipt of which vaccine is required for entry into certain countries? A. Hepatitis B vaccine B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) C. Yellow fever vaccine D. Rotavirus vaccine Vaccines Vaccines Which of the following vaccines is made using inactivated bacterial toxins (toxoids)? How many children will be exposed to rotavirus by age 5? A. Diphtheria vaccine B. Pneumococcal vaccine C. Chickenpox vaccine D. Rotavirus vaccine A. All children B. 7 of 10 children C. 5 of 10 children D. 1 of 10 children

18 The correct answer is C Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for entry into certain countries, such as Afghanistan, Angola and the Bahamas. The correct answer is C The hepatitis B vaccine was originally made using virus isolated from the blood of people infected with hepatitis B, and because of this, known as the plasma-derived version. However, because human blood was used, people were concerned that the vaccine was not safe, so, as newer technologies became available, the process for making the vaccine was changed. The correct answer is A All children will be exposed to and gain immunity to rotavirus by age 5. The correct answer is A Diphtheria vaccine is made by isolating the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and inactivating it with formaldehyde to produce a toxoid, which, unlike the toxin produced by the bacteria, does not cause harm.

19 Vaccines Vaccines Who is considered to be immune to measles, mumps and rubella, and are therefore not required to get the MMR vaccine? How often should the tetanus booster be given? A. Adults born before 1985 B. Adults born before 1957 C. Adults born between 1958 and 1965 D. Adults born between 1970 and 1985 A. Every 5 years B. Every year C. Every 10 years D. Every 25 years Vaccines Vaccines Which is not a reason why adults need vaccines? A. To boost immunity B. To protect against diseases that haven t been encountered C. To protect against viruses that change D. To boost energy levels in cells What vaccine for teens prevents a coughing disease that can be fatal in infants? A. Tdap B. DTap C. Td D. DT

20 The correct answer is C A tetanus booster shot should be given every 10 years. If, however, you suffer a puncture wound and have not had a tetanus booster in at least five years, it is strongly recommended that you receive a dose of tetanus containing vaccine. The correct answer is B Adults born before 1957 are not required to get the MMR vaccine because these diseases were so common that virtually everyone was exposed to the viruses and generated immunity naturally. The correct answer is A Tdap is given to teens and young adults to prevent three diseases, one of which is known as pertussis, or whooping cough. Pertussis is a coughing disease that causes intense and persistent coughing spells that can be so severe that an infected person breaks a rib during the coughing spells. The correct answer is D As adults age, immunity to diseases they were previously vaccinated for may decrease. Likewise, some viruses change so that previous immunity may no longer be sufficient. If adults have never encountered a disease before, such as young men and women becoming sexually active, vaccination affords protection.

21 Vaccine Safety Vaccines Safety Infants are exposed to the greatest amount of aluminum from what? In 1916, rumors circulated that candy was the cause of what infectious disease? A. Vaccines B. Breast milk C. Soy-based formulas D. Regular formula A. Measles B. Smallpox C. Polio D. Influenza Vaccine Safety Vaccine Safety What are the chemical agents in vaccines that allow for lesser quantities of active ingredients and in some cases, fewer doses, while maintaining the ability of the vaccine to be protective? A. Adjuvants B. Helper proteins C. Booster proteins D. Chemicals How many different antibodies can a person make? A. Thousands B. Hundreds of thousands C. Millions D. Billions

22 The correct answer is C In 1916, rumors circulated that candy caused polio. Candy was also rumored as the cause other infectious diseases, such as cerebrospinal meningitis. In fact, candy was so frequently blamed for poisonings and injuries that the National Confectioners Association thoroughly investigated almost every report on candy poisonings. The investigators found that out of the hundreds of reports of candy poisonings, very few were based upon facts. The correct answer is C Infants are exposed to about 120 milligrams of aluminum during the first 6 months of life if they are fed soy-based formulas. In comparison, vaccines given during the first 6 months of life contain about 4 milligrams, breast-milk contains about 10 milligrams and regular infant formula about 40 milligrams. The correct answer is D Susumu Tonegawa, a Nobel Prize-winning immunologist, determined that antibodies are made by rearranging and recombining many different genes. From his work, he discovered that one person is capable of making about 10 billion different antibodies. The correct answer is A Adjuvants are chemicals in vaccines that allow them to generate protective immunity despite lesser quantities of active ingredients and in some cases, fewer doses. An adjuvant commonly found in vaccines in the U.S. is aluminum salts.

23 Vaccine Safety Vaccines Safety In what city did people first organize to voice their concerns about vaccinations? Which religious groups prohibit the use of vaccines made using fetal tissue? A. Paris, France B. Venice, Italy C. London, England D. Sydney, Australia A. Jewish B. Catholics C. Muslims D. None of the these Vaccine Safety Vaccine Safety Why is separating, spacing out or withholding some vaccines detrimental? A. Infants will be susceptible to disease for longer periods of time B. It can increase the amount of stress a child may experience if they must return to the doctor more frequently than they would if the recommended vaccine schedule was followed C. Booster proteins D. Chemicals What is a stabilizer that is commonly used in vaccines to protect the active ingredients from degradation? A. Aluminum B. Monophosphoryl lipid A C. Gelatin D. Sodium dodecyl sulfate

24 The correct answer is D Jewish, Catholic and Muslim religions do not prohibit the use of vaccines that are made using fetal tissue because they can save lives by preventing life-threatening infections. Some people question whether Catholics are able to use these vaccines, but the Vatican Council declared that parents who give their children vaccines are not committing an immoral act. The correct answer is C The Anti-Vaccination League began in London, England, in 1853 and was the first organization for people to voice their concerns about vaccine safety. The correct answer is C Gelatin is commonly used in vaccines as a stabilizer to protect active ingredients from degradation. The gelatin used in vaccines is made by extracting collagen from the skin and hooves of pigs. The correct answer is D Separating, spacing out or withholding some vaccines can be detrimental because infants will be susceptible to diseases for longer periods of time. The recommended vaccine schedule is designed to make sure that vaccines are given at times that will allow infants and children to be protected when they are most likely to get the diseases. Administration errors, such as giving the wrong vaccine or not allowing enough time between doses, may also occur if vaccines are separated, spaced out or withheld.

25 Vaccine Safety Vaccines Safety What animal does the gelatin used in vaccines come from? A. Horses B. Cows C. Pigs D. Ducks Why are some vaccines made using fetal cells? A. Fetal cells were the only cells available at the time some vaccines were made. B. Human cells are often better at supporting the growth of human viruses than animal cells are. C. Fetal cells are mortal, like humans. D. No vaccine is made using fetal cells. Vaccine Safety Vaccine Safety Which side effect is known to be caused by vaccines? A. Fever B. Hairloss C. Decrease in shoe size D. Profuse sweating Which people are negatively affected by aluminum? A. People whose kidneys are not working properly or at all B. People who have never been in contact with aluminum C. People who eat fish D. People who do not receive aluminum in their diet

26 The correct answer is B Some vaccines are made using fetal cells because viruses require cells to grow and human cells are often better at supporting the growth of human viruses than animal cells are. Fetal cells are also immortal, meaning they can reproduce forever so the same source of cells can be used indefinitely. Therefore, additional abortions are not needed. The correct answer is C Gelatin used in vaccines comes from pigs. The correct answer is A For people to be negatively affected by aluminum, two criteria must be met: Having ill-functioning kidneys and being exposed to high quantities of aluminum over an extended period of time. In these people, because their kidneys don t effectively clear the aluminum, it accumulates and causes damage. The correct answer is A Fever is a common side effect caused by vaccines. Fevers typically develop after a vaccine is given because the immune system is responding to the vaccine. Other common side effects that can occur after a vaccine include pain and redness or tenderness at the injection site.

27 Vaccine Safety Vaccines Safety The MMR vaccine-autism controversy was started by a British researcher. What is one flaw found in his work? Which vaccine can cause a temporary decrease in the number of cells needed to stop bleeding (platelets)? A. False data B. Large numbers of patients C. It was reproducible D. There were no flaws in the study A. Rubella vaccine B. TaP vaccine C. Measles vaccine D. HPV vaccine Vaccine Safety Vaccine Safety Problems with which vaccine led to the Cutter Incident? A. Polio vaccine B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) C. Measles vaccine D. Rotavirus vaccine How do companies know the dose of vaccine that should be given? A. They study different doses to determine the lowest effective dose for the target group. B. They study different doses for the highest dose possible for the target group. C. They use doses used for other vaccines. D. The dose of the vaccine is chosen randomly.

28 The correct answer is C The measles vaccine is a rare cause of thrombocytopenia, a temporary decrease in the number of cells needed to stop bleeding (platelets). However, thrombocytopenia is much more common, and can be more severe, when it occurs as a result of natural measles infection. The correct answer is A False data was just one flaw in the report that caused the MMR vaccine-autism controversy. Many other groups tried to repeat the British researcher s experiments, but were unable to do so. Small number of patients and lack of controls were also found to be issues. The study was subsequently retracted. The correct answer is A Studies are performed to determine the lowest dose that will still provide enough immunity to prevent illness. The correct answer is A The Cutter Incident occurred in 1955 when Cutter Laboratories in Berkeley, Calif., produced polio vaccine that contained live polio virus. More than 120,000 people received the vaccines and as a result, 40,000 of them were temporarily paralyzed; 200 were permanently paralyzed and 10 died.

29 Vaccine Safety Vaccines Safety What does an epidemiological study determine? What vaccine is not made using fetal cells? A. Groups of people are likely to get a disease B. The age group most likely to get a disease C. The number of people who get the disease and the number who die from it D. All of the these A. Rubella vaccine B. Chickenpox vaccine C. HPV vaccine D. Hepatitis A vaccine Vaccine Safety Vaccine Safety Vaccines were shown to cause what disease? A. Asthma B. Diabetes C. Multiple sclerosis D. None of these What chemical compound is used during the manufacture of vaccines to inactivate viruses or bacterial toxins? A. Water B. Formaldehyde C. Aluminum D. Gelatin

30 The correct answer is C The HPV vaccine is not made using fetal cells; however, vaccines against chickenpox, hepatitis A, rubella, rabies and shingles are made using this technology. The correct answer is D Epidemiological studies determine who gets a disease (susceptibility), when a person gets a disease (seasonality) and the number of people who get a disease (morbidity). Epidemiological studies also determine the number of people who die from a disease (mortality). The correct answer is B Formaldehyde is used during vaccine manufacturing to inactivate viruses and bacterial toxins. Some concern surrounds the use of formaldehyde in vaccines because it is also used to preserve dead bodies. However, the amount of formaldehyde in vaccines is minimal because of purification processes used during the manufacturing process. The correct answer is D Numerous scientific studies have shown no link between vaccines and asthma, diabetes or multiple sclerosis.

31 Diseases Diseases What was the name of the cow famous for its role in Edward Jenner s smallpox vaccination experiments? What annual sporting event was cancelled as a result of the 1919 influenza pandemic? A. Daisy B. Betty C. Bessie D. Blossom A. The World Series B. The Stanley Cup C. The NBA Finals D. Wimbledon Diseases Diseases Currently, how many iron lungs are estimated to be in service on any given day in the U.S.? What disease did parents want their children to share before the vaccine was available? A. 150 B. 100 C. 45 D. 30 A. Polio B. Varicella (chickenpox) C. Rotavirus D. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

32 The correct answer is B The final game in the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals was cancelled after the coach and multiple players of the Montreal Canadiens were hospitalized with influenza. After both the Canadiens and Seattle Metropolitans won two games and tied the fifth game, the sixth game was supposed to determine the winner of the competition. Because the coach of the Canadiens couldn t put a full team on the ice for the last game, he forfeited; however, the coach of the Metropolitans refused to accept the forfeit. As a result, no winner was declared for the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals. The correct answer is D Blossom was infected with cowpox, which Jenner used to develop a smallpox vaccine. The correct answer is B Before the chickenpox vaccine was available, parents would intentionally expose their children to others with chickenpox so they could become infected and gain immunity during childhood, when the disease is typically less severe. The correct answer is D Iron lungs are currently used to help wean non-polio patients off today s ventilators.

33 Diseases Diseases In the early 2000s, what two illnesses caused the most deaths of children worldwide? Which disease is known to be more commonly spread from adults to children? A. Meningococcal disease and smallpox B. Varicella (chickenpox) and measles C. Pneumonia and severe diarrhea D. Influenza and diphtheria A. Varicella (chickenpox) B. Pertussis (whooping cough) C. Measles D. Rubella Diseases Diseases Which disease no longer infects any person in the world because of successful vaccination programs? A. Polio B. Smallpox C. Rotavirus D. Diphtheria What vaccine-preventable disease can be spread in restaurants via contaminated food or by infected workers who do not properly wash their hands? A. Hepatitis A B. HPV C. Hepatitis B D. Measles

34 The correct answer is B Typically, children spread infections to adults; however, pertussis (whooping cough) is more commonly spread from adults to children. For this reason, adults who are going to be around young infants are recommended to get one dose of Tdap vaccine. Protecting babies by immunizing those around them is known as cocooning. The correct answer is C In the early 2000s, pneumonia and severe diarrhea caused the deaths of about 3 million children per year. These numbers are continuing to decrease as vaccines for pneumococcus and rotavirus become more widely available. The correct answer is A Hepatitis A is commonly transmitted through food that has not been cleaned properly or has been handled by someone with hepatitis A. Although we don t often hear about them, hepatitis A outbreaks occur every year in the United States. The correct answer is B Smallpox is currently the only disease to be eradicated from the world by a vaccine. Efforts are underway to add polio to the list of eradicated diseases.

35 Diseases Diseases What vaccine-preventable disease used to be the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children less than 5 years old? What virus causes swelling of the glands of the head and neck, often making infected individuals look like chipmunks? A. HPV B. Haemophilus influenzae type B C. Mumps D. Diphtheria A. Measles virus B. Mumps virus C. Influenza virus D. Rubella virus Diseases Diseases People without a spleen are more susceptible to which diseases? Which vaccine-preventable disease wiped out tribes of Native Americans when introduced in the New World? A. Pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases B. Chickenpox and measles C. Diphtheria and pertussis D. Polio and rotavirus A. Polio B. Smallpox C. Hepatitis A D. Pertussis

36 The correct answer is B Mumps virus infects the salivary glands in about 35 of 100 people infected with the virus. When these glands begin to swell, the infected person often looks like a chipmunk. The correct answer is B Before introduction of the vaccine, Hib used to be the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children less than 5 years of age. As a result, Hib was also the most common cause of mental retardation in this age group. The correct answer is B Aztecs and Incas in South American and Algonquins and Narrangassetts in North America were essentially destroyed by smallpox infection introduced by settlers. In some cases, diseases were spread intentionally by offering the Natives blankets and harborships contaminated with smallpox pus. The correct answer is A People without a spleen are more susceptible to pneumococcus and meningococcus. For this reason, they are recommended to receive vaccines to prevent these diseases.

37 Diseases Diseases What vaccine-preventable disease has also been called the 100-day cough? Which vaccine-preventable disease used to be commonly known as German measles? A. Pertussis B. Pneumococcal disease C. Varicella (Chickenpox) D. Meningococcal disease A. Rubella B. Measles C. Smallpox D. Cholera Diseases Diseases What infectious disease was the only one that we could prevent in the 1700s? Which vaccine-preventable disease is not affected by herd immunity? A. Smallpox B. Mumps C. Diphtheria D. Tuberculosis A. Influenza B. Measles C. Mumps D. Tetanus

38 The correct answer is A Rubella is also known as German measles because it was first described in German medical literature as a disease distinct from measles and scarlet fever. The correct answer is A Pertussis, or whooping cough, occurs in three stages with cold-like symptoms occurring during the first stage. Intense and prolonged coughing occurs during the second and third stages, typically lasting for weeks or several months. The correct answer is D Because tetanus does not spread from person to person, people cannot be protected from the disease just because everyone around them has been vaccinated. So, the best way to protect yourself from tetanus is to receive the tetanus vaccine. The correct answer is A Smallpox was the first disease to be successfully prevented with vaccination. In the late 1700s, Edward Jenner developed the technique of inoculating people with cowpox to prevent smallpox.

39 Diseases Diseases What virus is closely related to the virus that causes distemper in dogs? Which vaccine-preventable disease can occur when a wound or cut is exposed to soil that contains bacteria? A. Rotavirus B. Rubella virus C. Mumps virus D. Measles virus A. Pertussis B. Tetanus C. Meningococcal disease D. Pneumococcal disease Diseases Diseases What vaccine-preventable diseases are spread through tiny droplets that hang in the air? The Iditarod was originally organized to deliver antiserum for what vaccine-preventable disease? A. Hepatitis B and HPV B. Chickenpox and shingles C. Measles and chickenpox D. Smallpox and pertussis A. Diphtheria B. Pertussis C. Chickenpox D. Tetanus

40 The correct answer is B Tetanus typically occurs when a wound or cut is exposed to soil that contains Clostridium tetani. Because infection occurs via bacteria introduced in the soil, this disease is not one that people can be protected against by living in a highly vaccinated community. The correct answer is D Measles virus is closely related to the virus that causes distemper in dogs. In the past, dogs were vaccinated with the measles vaccine in order to prevent distemper. The correct answer is A The Alaskan Iditarod was originally organized in 1925 to deliver diphtheria antiserum to Nome, Alaska. Twenty mushers and 150 sled dogs traversed about 674 miles across Alaska in attempt to stop a diphtheria outbreak that was occurring in the town and surrounding areas. The correct answer is C Measles and chickenpox viruses spread through respiratory droplets that hang in the air. Infections with either virus are typically more severe in adults than children.