Haemophilus paragallinarum Strains
|
|
- Brittany Campbell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 1983, p /83/ $02.00/0 Copyright 1983, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 1 Reltionships Between Virulence nd Morphologicl or Serologicl Properties of Vrints Dissocited from Serotype 1 Hemophilus prgllinrum Strins AKIRA SAWATA AND KATSUMI KUME* The Kitsto Institute, 5-9-1, Shirokne, Minto-ku, Tokyo 108, Jpn Received 21 September 1982/Accepted 5 April 1983 Reltionships between morphologicl or serologicl properties nd virulence were investigted in seven Hemophilus prgllinrum vrints. The vrints, originted from five serotype 1 strins, were clssified into seven types on the bsis of colony morphology nd iridescence nd the presence of vrint-specific ntigens. Smooth (S) nd encpsulted orgnisms hving vrint-specific ntigens nd forming highly iridescent (ir+) colonies were highly virulent in vivo; slightly encpsulted orgnisms hving vrint-specific ntigens nd forming slightly iridescent (ir+) colonies were modertely virulent; nd nonencpsulted or slightly encpsulted orgnisms with or without vrint-specific ntigens nd forming noniridescent (ir-) or ir+ colonies were virulent. Virulence ws well correlted with the mount of cpsule substnce contining hyluronic cid. The evidence suggests tht the presence of vrint-specific gglutinogen L nd hemgglutinin HA-L seem to be responsible for dherence or coloniztion, but not for virulence, of the orgnisms in chickens. Orgnisms of Hemophilus spp. re well known for wide vrition in both cellulr nd colonil morphologies. Pittmn (12) showed two types of colonies, smooth (S) nd rough (R), in Hemophilus influenze by observtions under obliquely trnsmitted light. Chndler et l. (1) described three colonil forms, mucoid (M), S, nd R, in H. influenze. A correltion between colony type nd pthogenicity hs been reported in H. influenze (1, 12). In preliminry reports (9, 19, 20) on colonil types of Hemophilus prgllinrum, colonies were differentited into S nd R. Hinz (2) ws the first to report the presence of two colony types in reltion to virulence, iridescent M nd noniridescent R, nd noted tht the former is encpsulted nd is virulent in chickens, wheres the ltter, which dissocites from M, is virulent. He lso observed vrition from R to M colonies in vivo. Swt et l. (7, 15) previously reported tht encpsulted orgnisms form iridescent, S colonies nd re virulent to chickens, wheres nonencpsulted colonies form noniridescent, S colonies nd re virulent. It is pprent tht encpsulted H. prgllinrum orgnisms cuse coryz in chickens (2, 7, 15, 17); however, the ntigen relted to the virulence of this orgnism remins to be identified. We hve recently obtined seven vrints, with different morphologicl or serologicl properties, which were dissocited in vitro from five serotype 1 strins; these were used to nlyze the mechnisms of infection with nd immunity to H. prgllinrum. The present study dels with the reltionships between virulence nd the morphologicl or serologicl properties of these vrints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test orgnisms. Five serotype 1 H. prgllinrum strins, described previously, were used. Of these, strin 221 (5) ws kindly provided by K. Kto, Ntionl Institute of Animl Helth, Hokuriku-Brnch, Niigt, Jpn, nd strins 083 nd W (14) were kindly provided by Richrd B. Rimler, Ntionl Animl Disese Center, Ames, Iow. All the strins were lyophilized nd stored. Strins 7411 nd 7682 (15) were isolted by Swt et l. from prnsl sinuses of chickens with infectious coryz nd were stored in lyophilized stte. Medi. The solid medium used ws S gr (6, 8) consisting of 20% (vol/vol) chicken met infusion, 0.5% (wt/vol) Csmino Acids (Difco Lbortories, Detroit, Mich.), 0.5% (wt/vol) soypeptone (Digo Co., Tokyo, Jpn), 0.5% (wt/vol) NCl, 5% (vol/vol) dry yest extrct (Nippon Beet Sugr Co., Tokyo, Jpn) solution (25%, wt/vol), 0.025% NADH (Orientl Yest Co., Tokyo, Jpn), distilled wter solution (1%, wtlvol), 5% (vol/vol) het-inctivted (560C, 30 min) chicken serum, nd 1.5% (wt/vol) Bcto-gr (Difco). The liquid medium used ws identicl to S gr, except gr ws omitted; this medium ws termed S broth nd ws used for the cultures to prepre gglutinogen, hemgglutinin, nd immunogen. For seril trnsfer of 49
2 50 SAWATA AND KUME the orgnisms, the following three kinds of S broth were used: supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) nti-221 chicken serum (medium I), specific-pthogen-free (SPF) chicken serum (medium II), nd het-inctivted SPF chicken serum (medium III). Ser used in broth medi. The nti-221 chicken serum ws prepred by intrvenously injecting thimerosl-inctivted orgnisms of strin 221 into 7-weekold chickens. The ntiserum contined gglutinin ginst hyluronidse (HU) (Sigm Chemicl Co., St. Louis, Mo.)-treted ntigen, prepred from encpsulted orgnisms of strin 221 t titer of 1:10, nd hemgglutintion inhibition (HI) ntibody ginst HU ntigen t titer of 1:80. SPF chicken serum ws collected from H&N (Pfizer Tito Co., Shizuok, Jpn) nd line S (Nisseiken Co., Ymnshi, Jpn) 20-week-old chickens. Colony selection. Freeze-dried cultures were reconstituted in phosphte-buffered sline (PBS; ph 7.0) in n mpule nd inoculted onto S gr. After 15 h of incubtion t 37 C in 5% C02, highly iridescent (ir+) colonies (hi vrint) were trnsferred to S gr. The culture grown under the conditions described bove ws hrvested in PBS nd djusted to 109 cells per ml by spectrophotometry (1010 cells per ml = opticl density t 650 nm of 0.386) with model 6/20 spectrophotometer (Colemn Instruments Division, Perkin- Elmer Co., Ok Brook, Ill.). This suspension contined pproximtely 1 x 108 to 5 x 108 CFU/ml. Then, 0.2 ml of the suspension ws dministered vi the nsl cvity to 7-week-old chickens. At 1 or 2 dys postinocultion, orgnisms were recovered from chickens showing typicl signs of coryz, i.e., runny nose nd fcil swelling, nd the orgnisms were serilly trnsferred to the other chickens until the ir+ colonies were predominnt (.99% of the totl colonies) on S gr, stored under lyophilized conditions, nd used s strting mterils to obtin the vrint. Subculture in S broth. Vrints were obtined by serilly subculturing in the three kinds of S broth (medi I, li, nd III) t 3- to 4-dy intervls for 80 subcultivtions. The colonies grown on S gr could be divided into seven vrints. Ech vrint in ech subcultivtion ws considered positive when 25 or more of 500 colonies (.o5%) were identicl. The most predominnt type in ech subcultivtion ws lso recorded. Ech vrint considered to be stble on S gr ws stored in lyophilized stte for exmintion of its serologicl properties. Microscopy. After 13 to 15 h of incubtion t 37 C in 5% C02, colonies grown on S gr were exmined with model SMZ-10 stereomicroscope (Nikon Co., Tokyo, Jpn) under trnsmitted nd obliquely reflected light. The colonil morphologies observed under trnsmitted light could be divided into three types: S, R, nd n intermedite type between S nd R (SR). The sizes of the colonies were clculted by comprison with ir+ colonies. Colony iridescence ws determined by using two ngles between the source of illumintion nd mirror (pproximtely 30 nd 600) under obliquely reflected light. The grdes of iridescence were recorded s follows: ir+, positive t both ngles; ir' (low iridescence), positive t only 30 ; nd ir- (noniridescence), negtive t both ngles. The colony color observed under obliquely reflected light ws lso recorded. The cellulr morphologies of Grm- nd cpsule-stined (10) orgnisms were ob- J. CLIN. MICROBIOL. served with model XF-31 light microscope (Nikon). Antigens. The cultures incubted in S broth supplemented with nonheted SPF chicken serum t 37 C for 10 h were centrifuged t 10,000 x g for 20 min t 4 C nd wshed once in PBS. The cells were then suspended in PBS contining 0.01% (wt/vol) thimerosl nd djusted to concentrtion of 10l1 cells per ml by spectrophotometry. This suspension is referred to herein s nontreted (NT) ntigen. The HU ntigen ws prepred from the cell suspension in PBS by incubtion with 100 U of HU (Sigm) per ml in wter bth t 37 C for 2 h, followed by wshing once in PBS, nd ws djusted to concentrtion of 1011 cells per ml by spectrophotometry. Finlly, 0.01% thimerosl ws dded for gglutintion, hemgglutintion (HA), nd bsorption tests. Antiser. Antiser were prepred by injecting rbbits with NT ntigen prepred from hi vrints dissocited from strin 221 nd with NT ntigens prepred from the remining six vrints dissocited from strin 221. About 109 cells per ml of ntigen were injected subcutneously into rbbits (ech weighing bout 2 kg) twice week, beginning with 0.5 ml of the ntigen given with 0.5 ml of Freund complete djuvnt (Difco). Subsequent injections were given intrvenously six times in progressively lrger doses, from 0.5 to 4 ml, t 3-dy intervls. At 1 week fter the finl injections were given, blood smples were withdrwn, nd the ser obtined were stored t -20 C (16). HA test. The NT nd HU ntigens (1011 cells per ml) prepred from ech vrint were tested for HA bility ginst freshly collected erythrocytes (RBCs) from line S (Niiseiken) 60-dy-old chickens by procedures reported previously (18). The hemgglutinins showing vrious HA titers were treted by trypsin (P-L Biochemicls Inc., Milwukee, Wis.) or heting t 65C for 30 min to determine their trypsin or het sensitivities, respectively. The procedures used were s reported previously (16). Serologicl tests. The gglutintion test ws performed by rpid plte gglutintion (RPA) method, described in n erlier report (16), with ntiserum diluted 1:12.5 to 1:3,200 with PBS nd NT nd HU ntigens. The HI test ws performed by method described previously (16) with ntiser which hd isohemgglutinin removed by dding 5% (vol/vol) chicken RBC suspension to finl dilution of 1:5. Agglutinin nd HI ntibody bsorption tests were performed by dding 1.15 ml of HU ntigen from hi vrints dissocited from strin 221 (221-hi-HU), concentrted to 1012 cells per ml in PBS, to 0.1 ml of undiluted ntiserum. The mixture ws llowed to stnd t 370C for 3 h nd then t 40C for t lest 12 h. After centrifugtion, gglutinin or HI ntibody remining in the superntnt ws titrted by RPA nd HI tests. Chickens. Eggs from stock known to be free from Hemophilus orgnisms nd certin bcteril nd virl infections obtined from the H&N poultry frm (Phizer Tito) were incubted in the lbortory, nd the chickens htched were housed in seprte room. Seven-week-old chicks were used for the pthogenicity test. Pthogenicity test. The chickens were intrnslly given 0.2 ml of PBS suspension of the culture incubted on S gr for 10 h. The vible cells were djusted to bout 5 x 108 cells per 0.2 ml per chicken.
3 VOL. 18, 1983 TABLE 1. Reltionships between virulence nd morphologicl or serologicl properties of vrints dissocited from H. prgllinrum serotype 1 Vrint- Recov- Vri- Colony Irides- Cp- specific Viru- ery of nt morphol- cence sule ntigen lence orgogy L A- nisms hi S ir' + +b +b + + li-a S ir' + + +C +C li-b S ir' -- ni-a S ir ni-b SR ir R-A R ir _ + R-B R ir Het-lbile, trypsin-sensitive, hyluronidse-resistnt gglutinogen (L) nd hemgglutinin (HA-L) locted under the cpsule. Antigens L nd HA-L re vrint-specific ntigens mong the seven serotype 1 vrints. b Lck of gglutinbility by cpsule, but ctivity ppered soon fter tretment with hyluronidse. c Vrition from li-a to hi vrint ws observed in vivo. After inocultion, clinicl chnges, especilly runny nose nd fcil swelling, were recorded once dy in ech chick for 2 weeks. The coryz signs were divided into four ctegories: severe (severe runny nose nd fcil swelling), moderte (severe runny nose nd slight fcil swelling); mild (slight nsl dischrge only when pushed on the nsl cvity); nd none (no signs). Isoltion of Hemophilus orgnisms from the nsl cvity of ech chicken ws performed t 16 h nd 2, 3, 7, nd 14 dys fter inocultion. Smples obtined on cotton swbs were directly streked on S gr, nd morphologicl nd serologicl properties of the recovered orgnisms were determined. VIRULENCE OF H. PARAGALLINARUM VARIANT 51 RESULTS Vrints dissocited from serotype 1 strins. Seven vrints with different morphologicl or serologicl properties (vrints hi, li-a, li-b, ni- A, ni-b, R-A, nd R-B) were obtined from H. prgllinrum serotype 1 strins during seril trnsfer in medium I, II, or III (Tble 1). Colonil ppernce of vrints. Vrints could be divided into three forms by stereomicroscopic observtions under trnsmitted light: S (hi, li-a, li-b, nd ni-a vrints), R (R-A nd R-B vrints), nd SR (ni-b vrint). S colonies were highly or modertely convex nd smooth, with regulr edges; R colonies were flt nd rough, with modertely or mrkedly irregulr edges; nd SR colonies were slightly convex nd intermedite in ppernce between S nd R, with modertely irregulr edges. Under obliquely reflected light, hi vrints showed reddish or reddish-green, high iridescence (ir+); li-a nd li- B vrints hd light bluish-green, low iridescence (ir+); nd ni-a, ni-b, R-A, nd R-B vrints showed no iridescence (ir-). All except R-A vrints produced trnsprent colonies on S gr when observed under trnsmitted or obliquely reflected light. Cellulr morphology of vrints. hi vrints hd uniform, short rods or coccobcilli, wheres li-a vrints hd rods of vrious lengths nd slight pleomorphism. li-b nd ni-a vrints hd rods of vrious sizes with filments; nd R-B vrints hd uniform, medium-sized rods with clumps. Cpsules surrounding the cells were observed in most of the bcilli from hi vrints by the method of Moller. The cpsules in li-a nd li-b vrints were not s evident s those in hi vrint, nd ni-a, ni-b, R-A, nd R-B vrints hd no cpsules. Dissocition pttern in S broth. hi vrints of strins 221, 083, W, 7411, nd 7682 were serilly trnsferred in medium I, II, or III for up to 80 subcultivtions. li-a vrints were dissocited to vrious degrees from the originl hi vrints in 3 to 5 subcultivtions. Between 21 nd 30 subcultivtions, hi, li-a, li-b, nd ni-a vrints were observed; hi vrints were still predominnt in medium I, wheres li-a vrints were predominnt in medi II nd III. Between 41 nd TABLE 2. Agglutintion rections involving NT nd HU ntigens prepred from H. prgllinrum serotype 1 vrints Vrint Anti- Hemgglutinting Agglutintion titerb gen ctivity' 221-hi-NT 221-hi-HU hi NT <2 <12.5 <12.5 HU ,600 1,600 li-a NT HU ,600 1,600 li-b NT <2 <12.5 <12.5 HU < ni-a NT HU ,600 ni-b NT <2 <12.5 <12.5 HU <2 <12.5 <12.5 R-A NT HU R-B NT <2 <12.5 <12.5 HU <2 <12.5 <12.5 Hemgglutinting ctivity ginst fresh chicken RBCs expressed s reciprocl of the titers (strins 221, 083, nd 7411). The initil ntigen dilution ws 1:2. b Expressed s reciprocl of the titers (strin 221). The initil serum dilution ws 1:12.5. All the NT nd HU ntigens prepred from vrints hi, li-a, ni-a, nd R-A lcked gglutinting ctivities fter tretment with trypsin or by heting t 65 C for 30 min.
4 52 SAWATA AND KUME J. CLIN. MICROBIOL. TABLE 3. Agglutintion nd HI ntibody titers of ntiser prepred from H. prgllinrum serotype 1 vrints before nd fter bsorption with 221-hi-HU ntigen Agglutintion titer" HI ntibody titer' Antiserum Before bsorption After bsorption Before After bsorption bsorption 221-hi-NT 221-hi-HU 221-hi-NT 221-hi-HU (221-hi-HU)b (221-hi-HU) 221-hi-NT < <12.5 < < li-A-NT <12.5 1,600 <12.5 < < li-B-NT < <12.5 <12.5 <5 < ni-A-NT < <12.5 < < ni-B-NT <12.5 <12.5 <12.5 <12.5 <5 < R-A-NT < <12.5 < < R-B-NT <12.5 <12.5 <12.5 <12.5 <5 <12.5 Expressed s reciprocl of the titers. The initil serum dilution ws 1:12.5. b Expressed s reciprocl of the titers. The initil serum dilution ws 1:5. 50 subcultivtions, hi, li-a, li-b, ni-a, ni-b, nd R-A vrints were observed; li-b vrints were predominnt in medium I, wheres li-a nd ni-a vrints were predominnt in medi II nd III, respectively. At 80 subcultivtions, ni-b vrints were predominnt in medium I, wheres li- A nd ni-a vrints were still predominnt in medi II nd III, respectively. R-B vrints were found only in medium I. Smll numbers of hi vrints were still found in medi I nd II even t 80 subcultivtions, but never in medium III. HA ctivity of NT nd HU ntigens from ech vrint. HA tests were performed with NT nd HU ntigens prepred from ech vrint of strins 221, 083, nd 7411 nd with the RBC suspension collected from line S chickens (Tble 2). All the hi-nt ntigens lcked the bility to gglutinte chicken RBCs, but hi-hu ntigen rendered them ble to do so t dilutions of 1:32 to 1:128. However, trypsiniztion or heting t 65 C for 30 min completely eliminted this bility, suggesting tht the hemgglutinin is het lbile, trypsin sensitive, nd HU resistnt. This hemgglutinin, termed HA-L hemgglutinin, ws found in both NT nd HU ntigens from li- A, ni-a, nd R-A vrints, but not in those from li-b, ni-b, or R-B vrints. The HA-L hemgglutinin ws found to be vrint-specific hemgglutinin mong the seven serotype 1 vrints. Agglutinbility of NT nd HU ntigens from ech vrint. Cross-gglutintion tests were performed with NT nd HU ntigens prepred from ech vrint of strin 221 nd with their corresponding ntiser, 221-hi-NT nd 221-hi-HU (Tble 2). hi-nt ntigen filed to rect with either ntiser, but hi-hu ntigen rected with both ntiser. Both NT nd HU ntigens of li-a, ni-a, nd R-A vrints lso rected with the ntiser, but those of li-b, ni-b, or R-B vrints did not. The gglutinin ws found to be hetlbile, trypsin-sensitive, nd HU-resistnt L gglutinogen, which ws found to be vrintspecific gglutinogen mong the seven serotype 1 vrints. Absorption tests with 221-hi-HU ntigen. Before bsorption with 221-hi-HU ntigen, gglutinin nd HI ntibody ginst 221-hi-HU ntigen were detected in NT ntiser prepred from vrints hi, li-a, ni-a, nd R-B, but these were bsorbed completely with 221-hi-HU ntigen (Tble 3). HI ntibody ginst 221-hi-HU ntigen ws not found, even in unbsorbed ntiser of li-b-nt, ni-b-nt, nd R-B-NT vrints. Virulence in chickens. At 1 or 2 dys postinocultion, ll the chickens given hi vrints showed moderte to severe coryz signs which persisted throughout the experiment (Tble 4). At 2 to 5 dys post-inocultion, 21 of 25 chickens given li-a vrints showed moderte to severe coryz signs, but the remining 4 chickens showed only mild coryz signs during the experimentl periods. In contrst, none of the chickens given li-b, ni-a, ni-b, R-A, or R-B vrints showed coryz signs. Recovery of orgnisms from inoculted chickens. During the experimentl periods, hi vrints were predominntly recovered from ll the chickens given hi vrints, lthough minor mount of li-a vrint ws recovered (Tble 5). In 21 of 25 chickens inoculted with li-a vrints, in vivo vritions from li-a to hi vrints were observed, except for the isoltion done t 16 h post-inocultion, when predominntly hi vrints were obtined. These chickens showed moderte to severe coryz signs. li-a vrints were predominntly recovered from the remining four chickens showing mild coryz signs throughout the experimentl periods. Despite the lck of virulence, ni-a nd R-A vrints were minly recovered from ll the chickens given these vrints during the first 7 dys postinocultion, but bcteril isoltion from these birds ws negtive t 14 dys post-inocultion. No orgnisms were recovered from ny of the
5 VOL. 18, 1983 Vrint VIRULENCE OF H. PARAGALLINARUM VARIANT 53 TABLE 4. Virulence of H. prgllinrum serotype 1 vrints in chickens No. of subcultivtions in S broth of following No. of strin: chickens No. with coryz signs inocu W lted None Mild Moderte Severe hi li-a li-b ni-a ni-b R-A R-B chickens given li-b, ni-b, or R-B vrints, even t s erly s 16 h post-inocultion. Reltionships between virulence nd morphologicl or serologicl properties of vrints. Correltions between virulence nd morphologicl or serologicl properties of H. prgllinrum serotype 1 vrints re summrized in Tble 1. Encpsulted hi vrints with vrint-specific L nd HA-L ntigens showed strong virulence in chickens. li-a vrints with L nd HA-L ntigens showed reltively strong virulence, but encpsulted orgnisms were not s clerly visible s those of hi vrint; however, in vivo vrition of li-a to hi vrints ws observed. Regrdless of the ntigen structure nd colonil or cellulr morphology, li-b, ni-a, ni-b, R-A, nd R-B vrints cused no coryz signs in chickens upon inocultion. hi, li-a, ni-a, nd R- A vrints with ntigens L nd HA-L were recovered from inoculted chickens, wheres li- B, ni-b, nd R-B vrints, which lck these ntigens, were not recovered. DISCUSSION There re few reports concerning the virulence of H. prgllinrum. Using strin 2403 of Pge's serotype B (11), Hinz (2) demonstrted correltion between his colony types, M nd R, nd virulence in chickens. Employing strins 221 nd H-18 (6) of serotypes 1 nd 2 (15), Swt et l. (16) reported the presence of two colony types, iridescent nd noniridescent, of S colonies. The former, encpsulted strin, possessing L gglutinogen; het-lbile, trypsin-resistnt gglutinogen HL; nd het-stble, trypsin-resistnt gglutinogen HS, ws virulent in chickens, where s the ltter nonencpsulted strin, lcking L gglutinogen, ws virulent (7, 16). L ntigen seems to be cpsulr ntigen becuse its dissocition is lwys ccompnied by loss of cpsule (16). In ddition, NT ntigens prepred from encpsulted orgnisms of both serotypes filed to rect in ntiser prepred from NT ntigens of nonencpsulted orgnisms. Therefore, we postulted tht cpsulr substnce of H. prgllinrum is relted to virulence, s hs been demonstrted in Hemophilus influenze (1, 12). In the present study, we ttempted to chrcterize the morphologicl nd serologicl properties of the vrints dissocited from five serotype 1 strins in reltion to their virulence in chickens. The vrints could be divided into seven colony types on the bsis of different morphologicl or serologicl properties. The results showed tht close correltion existed between virulence nd the mount of the cpsule substnce. The encpsulted orgnisms pprently cuse coryz in chickens, wheres nonen- TABLE 5. Recovery of Hemophilus orgnisms with cotton swbs from nsl cvities of chickens given H. prgllinrum serotype 1 vrints intrnslly No. of Recovery of orgnisms (no. of chickens with positive recovery; most predominnt vrint) Vrint chickens t: inoculted' 16 h 2 dys 3 dys 7 dys 14 dys hi 25 + (25; hi) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) li-a 25 + (25; li-a) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) + (25; hi) li-b ni-a 25 + (10; ni-a) + (25; ni-a) + (25; ni-a) + (22; ni-a) ni-b R-A 15 + (14; R-A) + (15; R-A) + (15; R-A) + (15; R-A) - R-B Sme birds noted in Tble 4.
6 54 SAWATA AND KUME cpsulted orgnisms do not. Regrdless of the virulence, orgnisms with both vrint-specific L nd HA-L ntigens could be recovered from inoculted chickens, wheres vrints lcking such ntigens did not persist in the host. Severity of gross lesions in chickens ws closely correlted with the mount of cpsule substnce when the orgnisms were dministered vi the prnsl sinus route. The encpsulted orgnisms of hi vrints were highly virulent; slightly encpsulted li-a vrints were reltively virulent; nd nonencpsulted ni-a, ni-b, R-A, nd R-B vrints were virulent. Slightly encpsulted li-b vrints were virulent, but the orgnisms lcked L nd HA-L ntigens. The presence of L nd HA-L ntigens hd significnt (P < 0.05) reltionship with the persistnce of the orgnisms in vivo. In ddition, in vivo trnsformtion of li-a to hi vrints ws frequently observed in li-a vrint-inoculted chickens, nd the trnsformtion ccompnied typicl coryz signs. The results suggested tht the ppernce of virulence in chickens is relted to substnce present in the cpsule or substnce specificlly produced from the encpsulted orgnisms. Hinz (2) reported tht the presence of cpsule is lwys ccompnied by colony iridescence. The sme phenomenon ws lso reported by Kume et l. (7). In the present investigtion, iridescence ws found to be divided into two types, ir+ nd ir+, ccording to our ctegories, nd the grde of iridescence ws significntly correlted not only to in vivo virulence but lso to the mount of cpsule substnce(s). Selection of colony ccording to our ctegories of iridescence, therefore, would be useful tool in estimting the virulence of orgnisms in vitro. The presence of hyluronic cid in some H. prgllinrum strins hs been reported previously (3, 13, 14). Rimler hs stted tht, lthough it is not present in ll pthogenic strins, hyluronic cid, when present, cn msk both gglutinogen (14) nd hemgglutinin (13). Using strin 221, Iritni et l. (3) lso reported tht cpsultion might interfere with HA ctivtion, lthough these workers (3, 13, 14) hve not definitely proven this. More recently, Swt et l. found similr phenomenon in H. prgllinrum serotype 2 orgnisms which did not gglutinte fresh chicken RBCs (15), lthough tretment with either potssium thiocynte or soniction ctivted their hemgglutinin (18). The present dt showed tht the cpsule in hi vrints inhibited the gglutinbility of both homologous ntiserum nd freshly collected chicken RBCs, nd this inhibition ws esily eliminted by tretment with HU. It is pprent tht ll the encpsulted orgnisms of serotype 1, which formed hi vrints, contined hyluronic cid- J. CLIN. MICROBIOL. like substnce in this cpsule, suggesting tht both NT nd HU ntigens prepred from the sme strin should be used in serologicl nlyses Ḣi vrints completely lcked HA bility but, when inoculted into chickens, produced typicl coryz signs ws predominntly recovered even 2 weeks fter inocultion. In nother experiment, we observed tht hi vrints were predominntly recovered from the host for t lest 5 weeks post-inocultion, nd bcteril clernce ws observed fter the detection of serotype 1- specific L gglutinin (16) nd HI ntibody (18) in chickens. Despite the lck of the cpsule nd virulence, ni-a nd R-A vrints with L nd HA-L ntigens were lso recovered from inoculted chickens during week 1 post-inocultion, but no orgnisms were recovered 2 weeks fter inocultion. The difference in the bcteril recovery period observed between encpsulted nd non-encpsulted orgnisms with L nd HA-L ntigens suggested tht the cpsule my be relted to resistnce ginst bctericidl ctivity. Iritni et l. (4) hve reported tht the ntigens before nd fter tretment with trypsin hd the sme ntigenicity nd recommended the use of trypsin-treted ntigen for the RPA test to detect the gglutinin. The previous dt showed tht serotype specificity resided in trypsin-sensitive L ntigen, which ws detectble by the RPA test, but not in trypsin-resistnt HL or HS ntigens (16, 17), nd lso in trypsin-sensitive HA-L hemgglutinin (18). In the present investigtion, loss of L ntigen ws lwys ccompnied by loss of HA-L hemgglutinin. No ntigens which hd the sme ntigenicity before nd fter tretment with trypsin (4) hve been confirmed by us. Hinz reported the presence of R to M vrition in vivo (2). The present results strongly suggested tht his M vrint corresponds to our li-a vrint becuse his vrint ws virulent in chickens nd NT ntigen prepred from his M vrint rected in the ntiserum prepred from M vrint without tretment with HU. The identity of his R vrint, however, remins uncler. On the other hnd, encpsulted orgnisms reported by Swt et l. (16) lso correspond to li-a vrint, wheres nonencpsulted orgnisms (16) should be clssified s n intermedite colony type between li-b nd ni-b vrints. In the present investigtion, we clrified morphologicl nd serologicl properties of the seven vrints dissocited from H. prgllinrum serotype 1 in reltion to virulence in chickens. The vrints should be useful tool in nlyzing the mechnisms of infection with nd immunity to H. prgllinrum serotype 1.
7 VOL. 18, 1983 VIRULENCE OF H. PARAGALLINARUM VARIANT 55 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thnk A. Ghod, Kitsto University, Sgmihr, Kngw, Jpn, nd M. Mtsumoto, School of Veterinry Medicine, Oregon Stte University, Corvllis, Oreg., for reviewing the mnuscript nd N. Kneko, Kitsto Institute, for technicl ssistnce. LITERATURE CITED 1. Chndler, C. A., L. D. Fothergill, nd J. H. Dingle The pttern of dissocition in Hemophilus influenze. J. Bcteriol. 37: Hinz, K. H Beitrg zur Differenzierung von Hemophilus-Stimmen us Huhnern. 4. Mitteilung: Untersuchungen Ober die Dissozition von Hemophilus prgllinrum. Avin Pthol. 5: Iritni, Y., S. Hidk, nd K. Ktgri Production nd properties of hemgglutinin of Hemophilus gllinrum. Avin Dis. 21: Iritni, Y., K. Ktgri, nd K. Tsuji Slide-gglutintion test of Hemophilus gllinrum ntigen treted by trypsin. Avin Dis. 22: Kto, K., nd H. Tsubhr Infectious coryz of chickens. II. Identifiction of isoltes. Bull. Ntl. Inst. Anim. Helth 45: Kume, K., A. Swt, nd Y. Nkse Hemophilus infections in chickens. Chrcteriztion of Hemophilus prgllinrum isolted from chickens ffected with coryz. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 40: Kume, K., A. Swt, nd Y. Nkse Reltionship between protective ctivity nd ntigen structure of Hemophilus prgllinrum serotypes 1 nd 2. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41: Kume, K., A. Swt, nd Y. Nkse Immunologic reltionships between Pge's nd Swt's serotype strins of Hemophilus prgllinrum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41: Mky, K. A., nd R. B. Truscott Reversion of vin pleuropneumonilike orgnisms to bcteri. Ann. N.Y. Acd. Sci. 79: Moller, A new method for stining bcteril cpsules. Act Pthol. Microbiol. Scnd. 28: Pge, L. A Hemophilus infections in chickens. 1. Chrcteristics of 12 Hemophilus isoltes recovered from disesed chickens. Am. J. Vet. Res. 23: Pittmn, M Vrition nd type specificity in the bcteril species Hemophilus influenze. J. Exp. Med. 58: Rimler, R. B Studies of pthogenic vin hemophili. Avin Dis. 24: Rimler, R. B., R. B. Dvis, nd R. K. Pge Infectious coryz: cross-protection studies, using seven strins of Hemophilus gllinrum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38: Swt, A., K. Kume, nd Y. Nkse Hemophilus infections in chickens. II. Types of Hemophilus prgllinrum isoltes from chickens with infectious coryz, in reltion of Hemophilus gllinrum strin no Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 40: Swt, A., K. Kume, nd Y. Nkse Antigenic structure nd reltionship between serotypes 1 nd 2 of Hemophilus prgllinrum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 40: Swt, A., K. Kunie, nd Y. Nkse Biologic nd serologic reltionships between Pge's nd Swt's serotypes of Hemophilus prgllinrum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41: Swt, A., K. Kune, nd Y. Nkse Hemgglutinin of Hemophilus prgllinrum serotype 2 orgnisms: occurrence nd immunologic properties of hemgglutinin. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43: Schlm, 0. W., nd J. R. Bech Studies of infectious coryz of chickens with specil reference to its etiology. Poultry Sci. 15: Schlm, 0. W., nd J. R. Bech Culturl requirements of the fowl-coryz bcillus. J. Bcteriol. 31: Downloded from on April 8, 2018 by guest
Hemagglutination by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus
INFECTION AND IMMUNImTY, Aug. 1976, p. 325-331 Copyright X 1976 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 14, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Hemgglutintion by Equine Infectious Anemi Virus HIROSHI SENTSUI* AND YUJI
More informationIdentification and Quantitation of the
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, My 1972, p. 946-950 Copyright i 1972 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 5 Printed in USA. Identifiction nd Quntittion of the Components of Polyvlent Inctivted Influenz
More informationMycobacterial Ribonucleic Acid Preparations
INFEcriON AND IMMUNITY, JUlY 1973, p. 42-47 Vol. 8, No. 1 Copyright 0 1973 Americn Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Reltionship Between Tuberculin Hypersensitivity nd Cellulr Immunity to Infection
More informationPlaque Assay of Avian Sarcoma Viruses Using Casein
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Sept. 1975, p. 707-711 Copyright 0 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Plque Assy of Avin Srcom Viruses Using Csein PIERO C. BALDUZZI*l AND HELEN
More informationEffect of Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate in Blood Cultures
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLoGY, Feb. 1975, p. 119-123 Copyright 0 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 1, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Sodium Polynethol Sulfonte in Blood Cultures JAN ENG
More informationEFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE
Swine Dy 21 EFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokch, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodbnd, S. S. Dritz 1, J. C. Woodworth, M. J. Webster, B. W.
More informationInactivation of Myxoviruses by Calcium Elenolate
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Aug. 1975, p. 194-199 Copyright i 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 8, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A Inctivtion of Myxoviruses by Clcium Elenolte HAROLD E. RENIS
More informationImmunity to Experimental Fowl Typhoid in Chickens Induced by a Virulence Plasmid-Cured Derivative of Salmonella gallinarum
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, JUlY 1990, p. 2283-2288 0019-9567/90/072283-06$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1990, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 58, No. 7 Immunity to Experimentl Fowl Typhoid in Chickens Induced
More informationComparison of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Vaccines for Rapid Induction of Immunity*
Comprison of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Vccines for Rpid Induction of Immunity Jmes A. Roth, DVM, PhD,b Dvid P. Crter, DVM b Deprtment of Veterinry Microbiology nd Preventive Medicine College of Veterinry Medicine
More informationA. R.C. Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, near Newbury, Berkshire RG16 ONN
J. MED. MICROBI0L.VOL. (198) 75 8 198 The Pthologicl Society df Gret Britin nd Irelnd 006 /8/056 007 $0.00 THE PTHOGENICITY OF MYCOBCTERIUM VIUM ND RELTED MYCOBCTERI FOR EXPERIMENTL NIMLS P. COLLINS, P.
More informationInfluenza A Neuraminidase Antibody Assay with Sensitized Erythrocytes
APPLuD MicouowGY, Jn. 1973, p. 97-102 Copyright 0 1973 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 25, No. 1 Printed in U.SA. Influenz A Neurminidse Antibody Assy with Sensitized Erythrocytes J. L. HOLSTON,
More informationSalmonella typhi from Blood
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1978, p. 122-126 0095-1137/78/0007-0122$02.00/0 Copyright 1978 Americn Society for Microbiology Lbortory nd Clinicl Investigtion of Recovery of Slmonell typhi from
More informationAllantoic Fluid on Microporous Filters
APPLIED AND ENVIRONENTAL ICROBIOLOGY, r. 1980, p. 500-504 0099-2240/80/03-0500/05 $02.00/0 Vol. 39, No. 3 Simple ethod for the Concentrtion of Influenz Virus from Allntoic Fluid on icroporous Filters SAGAR.
More informationthe Inactivated Virus
ANTIMICROBIAL AGNTS AND CHZMOTHRAPY, JUlY 1976, p. 7-6 Copyright 1976 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 1, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Specific Inctivtion of Herpes Simplex Virus by Silver Nitrte t Low
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July September 2017 Prepred s prt of Ministry of Helth contrct for scientific services by Rebekh Roos Helen Heffernn October 2017 Acknowledgements This report
More informationEVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1
Swine Dy 2001 Contents EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 C. W. Hstd, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokch, nd R. D. Goodbnd Summry Two trils were
More informationCord Injuries. on admission, and intermittent catheterization. (IC) was carried out until spontaneous voiding occurred.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1982, P. 856-860 0095-1137/82/110856-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1982, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 5 Pseudomons eruginos Coloniztion in Ptients with Spinl
More informationUsing Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids
Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phlenopsis Orchids A REPORT SUBMITTED TO FINE AMERICAS Linsey Newton nd Erik Runkle Deprtment of Horticulture Spring 28 Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress
More informationResponses of Isolator-Derived Japanese Quail and Quail Cell Cultures to Selected Animal Viruses
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1975, p. 419-424 Copyright C) 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 2, No. 5 Printed in U.SA. Responses of Isoltor-Derived Jpnese Quil nd Quil Cell Cultures
More informationPreservative Resistance in Yeast Species
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1989, p. 2995-2999 Vol. 55, No. 11 99-224/89/112995-5$2./ Copyright 1989, Americn Society for Microbiology Reltionships mong Cell Size, Membrne Permebility,
More informationA comparative study on the extraction of membranebound bilirubin from erythrocyte membranes using various methods
J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 39 (1999) 39 45 A comprtive study on the extrction of membrnebound bilirubin from erythrocyte membrnes using vrious methods * Sd Tyyb, Mohmmd Kutub Ali Interdisciplinry Biotechnology
More informationCounterimmunoelectrophoresis in the Diagnosis of
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1977, p. 405-409 Copyright C 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the Dignosis of Bcteril Meningitis
More informationProduction of Influenza Virus Complement-Fixing Antibody
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1975, p. 287-291 Copyright C) 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 2, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Production of Influenz Virus Complement-Fixing Antibody in Mouse
More informationSelection of a Less Pathogenic BVDV Strain for the Construction of Avirulent Chimeric Pestivirus
Journl of Bcteriology nd Virology 2010. Vol. 40, No. 1 p.39 47 DOI 10.4167/jbv.2010.40.1.39 Originl Article Selection of Less Pthogenic BVDV Strin for the Construction of Avirulent Chimeric Pestivirus
More informationphosphatase isoenzyme activity: estimation of
J Clin Pthol 1988;41:202-206 Quntittive method for determining serum lkline phosphtse isoenzyme ctivity: estimtion of intestinl component M J PEAKE, M PEJAKOVIC, G H WHITE From the Deprtment ofbiochemistry
More informationAcid-Poly-L-Lysine Complex on Encephalomyocarditis Virus
ANTimICROsIAL AozWu AND CHEMoTHERAPY, Oct. 1976, p. 668-676 Copyright C 1976 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 10, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Tretment with Exogenous Interferon, Polyinosinic
More informationInhibition of Respiratory Virus Infections of Mice with Aerosols of Synthetic Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid
INFECriON AND IMMUNITY, Feb. 1971, p. 323-327 Copyright 1971 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 3, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Inhibition of Respirtory Virus Infections of Mice with Aerosols of Synthetic
More informationENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY
ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY VARIATION IN THE DIETARY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY Shwn Firbirn, John Ptience, Hnk Clssen nd Ruurd Zijlstr SUMMARY Formultion of commercil pig diets requires n incresing degree
More informationComparison of three simple methods for the
J. clin. Pth. (1967), 2, 5 Comprison of three simple methods for the ssessment of 'free' thyroid hormone T. M. D. GIMLETTE1 From the Rdio-Isotope Lbortory, St. Thoms's Hospitl, London SYNOPSIS A dilysis
More informationPassive Hemagglutination Test for Detection of Antibody to Gonococcal Ribosomal Antigen in Sera from Patients with
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1982, p. 668-676 Vol. 15, No. 4 0095-1137/82/040668-09$02.00/0 Pssive Hemgglutintion Test for Detection of Antibody to Gonococcl Ribosoml Antigen in Ser from Ptients
More informationEffect of Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Dry Root Powder on Lactation of Albino Rats
Effect of Aqueous Extrct of Cric ppy Dry Root Powder on Lcttion of Alino Rts G. Tosswnchuntr nd S. Aritjt Deprtment of Biology Fculty of Science Ching Mi University Ching Mi 50200 Thilnd Keywords: mmmry
More informationExtraction and Some Functional Properties of Protein Extract from Rice Bran
Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 40 : 209-214 (2006) Extrction nd Some Functionl Properties of Protein Extrct from Rice Brn Chockchi Theerkulkit*, Siree Chiseri nd Siriwt Mongkolknchnsiri ABSTRACT Rice brn protein
More informationComparison of a Microneutralization Test in Cell Culture and
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIoLoGy, Feb. 1976, p. 149-156 Copyright C 1976 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 3, No. 2 Printed in U.SA. Comprison of Microneutrliztion Test in Cell Culture nd Virus Neutrliztion
More informationAntibody Responses in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Cynomolgus
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Feb. 1979, p. 185-191 19-9567/79/2-185/7$2./ Vol. 23, No. 2 Antibody Responses in the Cerebrospinl Fluid of Cynomolgus Monkeys After Intrcerebrl Inocultion with Prmyxoviruses KAZUYA
More informationComparison of Guinea Pig Embryo Cells, Rabbit Kidney Cells, and Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblast Cell Strains for Isolation of Herpes Simplex Virus
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, My 1982, p. 842-847 0095-1137/82/050842-06$02.00/0 Vol. 15, No. 5 Comprison of Guine Pig Embryo Cells, Rbbit Kidney Cells, nd Humn Embryonic Lung Fibroblst Cell Strins
More informationMANAGING ANTHRACNOSE BLIGHT AND BOTRYOSPHAERIA AND PHOMOPSIS CANKERS OF WALNUT PART 1: BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE AND PHOMOPSIS CANKERS OF WALNUT
MANAGING ANTHRACNOSE BLIGHT AND BOTRYOSPHAERIA AND PHOMOPSIS CANKERS OF WALNUT PART 1: BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE AND PHOMOPSIS CANKERS OF WALNUT Themis J. Michilides, Shuifei Chen, Bill Cotes, Dvid Morgn, Ryn
More informationComparative Study of Three Methods for Detecting Avian Leukosis Viruses
INFECTION ND IMMUNITY, My 1977, p. 5-54 Copyright C 1977 mericn Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 2 Printed in U.S.. Comprtive Study of Three Methods for Detecting vin Leukosis Viruses EUGENE J. SMITH,*
More informationin the above manner contained 105 to 106 plaqueforming virus preparation was used without further manipulation
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, June 1978, p. 660-664 0019-9567/78/0020-tE60$02.00/0 Copyright 1978 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 20, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assy for Mesurement
More informationAOAC Official Method Determination of Isoflavones in Soy and Selected Foods Containing Soy
45.4.14 AOAC Officil Method 2001.10 Determintion of Isoflvones in Soy nd Selected Foods Contining Soy Extrction, Sponifiction, nd Liquid Chromtogrphy First Action 2001 (Applicble to the determintion of
More informationInduction of Lactose Transport in Escherichia coli During the Absence of Phospholipid Synthesis
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Aug. 1975, p. 492-496 Copyright 1975 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 123, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Induction of Lctose Trnsport in Escherichi coli During the Absence of Phospholipid
More informationInfluenza A and Inactivated Trivalent Influenza Virus Vaccines in Older Adults with Chronic Diseases
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1986, p. 336-342 0095-1137/86/090336-07$02.00/0 Copyright 1986, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 24, No. 3 Sfety of nd Serum Antibody Response to Cold-Recombinnt
More informationSingle-Molecule Studies of Unlabelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA
Single-Molecule Studies of Unlbelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA Philipp Nuttll, 1 Kidn Lee, 2 Pietro Ciccrell, 3 Mrco Crminti, 3 Giorgio Ferrri, 3 Ki- Bum Kim, 2 Tim Albrecht 1* 1 Imperil College
More informationEffects of Meat-curing Salts and Temperature on
JOURNAL Or BACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1968, p. 127-1211 Copyright 1968 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol 95, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Effects of Met-curing Slts nd Temperture on Production of Stphylococcl Enterotoxin
More informationClinical Study Report Synopsis Drug Substance Naloxegol Study Code D3820C00018 Edition Number 1 Date 01 February 2013 EudraCT Number
EudrCT Number 2012-001531-31 A Phse I, Rndomised, Open-lbel, 3-wy Cross-over Study in Helthy Volunteers to Demonstrte the Bioequivlence of the Nloxegol 25 mg Commercil nd Phse III Formultions nd to Assess
More informationUse of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mr. 1977, p. 273-277 Copyright C 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Use of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assy (ELISA) nd Its Microdpttion
More informationof 333 children who had been successfully immunized close contact with measles patients. 1 million), Zhejiang Province, a closed area in
Durtion of immunity following immuniztion with live mesles vccine: 15 yers of observtion in Zhejing Province, Chin Di Bin,1 Chen Zhihui,2 Liu Qichng,3 Wu Ting,4 Guo Chengyin,4 Wng Xingzi,5 Fng Hnhu,1 &
More informationSURVEY FOR TRYPANOSOMES IN BLACK RHINOCEROS
Journl of Wildlife Diseses Vol. 17, No. 4, October, 1981 581 SURVEY FOR TRYPANOSOMES BLAK RHOEROS (Diceros bicornis) B. LAUSEN, Veterinry Reserch Lbortory, Kbete, Keny. Abstrct: Blood smples were tken
More informationMETHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY
METHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 4010 is procedure for screening solids such s soils, sludges, nd queous medi such s wste wter nd lechtes
More informationSupplementary figure 1
Supplementry figure 1 Dy 8 post LCMV infection Vsculr Assoc. Prenchym Dy 3 post LCMV infection 1 5 6.7.29 1 4 1 3 1 2 88.9 4.16 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 5 1.59 5.97 1 4 1 3 1 2 21.4 71 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 5.59.22
More informationInhibitive Activity of Cow Urine and Cow Dung against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of Cucumber
Mycobiology 30(3): 175-179 (2002) Copyright 2002 by The Koren Society of Mycology Inhibitive Activity of Cow Urine nd Cow Dung ginst Sclerotini sclerotiorum of Cucumber A. B. Bsk, Min Woong Lee 1 nd Te
More informationEFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE
Swine Dy 22 Contents EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE B. J. Johnson, J. P. Kyser, J. D. Dunn, A. T. Wyln, S. S. Dritz 1, J.
More informationClinical and epidemiological evaluation of
Clinicl nd epidemiologicl evlution of live, cold-dpted influenz vccine for 3-1 4-yer-olds L.G. Rudenko,1 N.I. Lonsky,2 A.I. Klimov,3 R.I. Vsiliev,4 & A. Rmirez5 Reported is study of live, cold-dpted (CA)
More informationPROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION
PROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION Coxidin 100 microgrnulte A coccidiosttic dditive for roilers, chickens rered for lying nd turkeys Contins 100 g of monensin sodium per kg Aville s homogenous grnules
More informationUlk λ PPase. 32 P-Ulk1 32 P-GST-TSC2. Ulk1 GST (TSC2) : Ha-Ulk1 : AMPK. WB: Ha (Ulk1) : Glu. h CON - Glu - A.A WB: LC3 AMPK-WT AMPK-DKO
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2152 C.C + - + - : Glu b Ulk1 - - + λ PPse c AMPK + - + + : ATP P-GST-TSC2 WB: Flg (Ulk1) WB Ulk1 WB: H (Ulk1) GST (TSC2) C.C d e WT K46R - + - + : H-Ulk1 : AMPK - + - + + + AMPK H-Ulk1
More informationEffect of fungicide timing and wheat varietal resistance on Mycosphaerella graminicola and its sterol 14 α-demethylation-inhibitorresistant
Effect of fungicide timing nd whet vrietl resistnce on Mycospherell grminicol nd its sterol 14 α-demethyltion-inhiitorresistnt genotypes Didierlurent L., Roisin-Fichter C., Snssené J., Selim S. Pltform
More informationEvaluation of Tests for Rabies Antibody and Analysis of
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mr. 1977, p. 263-267 Copyright C 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Evlution of Tests for Rbies Antibody nd Anlysis of Serum Responses
More informationWSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee (509) ext. 265;
FINAL REPORT WTFRC Project # AH-1-5 WSU Project # 13C-355-3 Project title: PI: Orgniztion: Coopertors: of Sunburn in Apples with RAYNOX Lrry Schrder, Horticulturist WSU Tree Fruit Reserch nd Extension
More informationAttenuated Venezuelan Equine
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1972, p. 604-608 Copyright 0 1972 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 24, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Erly Protection in Hmsters Immunized with Attenuted Venezueln Equine Encephlomyelitis
More informationbrane teichoic acids are believed to be present in many
JOURNL OF CLINICL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1989, p. 1286-1291 95-1137/89/61286-6$2./ Copyright 1989, mericn Society for Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 6 ntibodies to Stphylococcl Peptidoglycn nd Its Peptide Epitopes,
More informationGeographical influence on digit ratio (2D:4D): a case study of Andoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delta, Nigeria.
Journl of Applied Biosciences 27: 1736-1741 ISSN 1997 5902 Geogrphicl influence on digit rtio (2D:4D): cse study of Andoni nd Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delt, Nigeri. Gwunirem, Isrel U 1 nd Ihemelndu,
More informationMutation in Shigella flexneri Resulting in Loss of Ability to
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Mv 1974; p. 916-923 Copyright 1974 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 9, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Muttion in Shigell flexneri Resulting in Loss of Ability to Penetrte HeL Cells
More informationPreliminary investigation of antimicrobial effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leathery exocarp extract against some serious phytopathogens
Preliminry investigtion of ntimicroil effects of pomegrnte (Punic grntum L.) lethery exocrp extrct ginst some serious phytopthogens Elshfie H.S. 1,*, Skr S.H. 2, Mng S.M. 1, Frisullo S. 3, Cmele I. 1 1
More informationSpecific and Nonspecific Antibody Responses in Different Segments
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, OCt. 1991, p. 3715-3721 19-9567/91/13715-7$2./ Vol. 59, No. 1 Specific nd Nonspecific Antibody Responses in Different Segments of the Respirtory Trct in Rts Infected with Mycoplsm
More informationL-Histidine Production by Histidase-Less Regulatory Mutants
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLoGY, Nov. 1977, p. 465472 Copyright 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol.34, No.5 Printed in U.S.A. L-Histidine Production by Histidse-Less Regultory Mutnts of Serrti
More informationShamsuddin M. Mamun, U. Focken, G. Francis and K. Becker University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. September 2004
A GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND METABOLIC RATES OF GENETICALLY IMPROVED AND CONVENTIONAL STRAINS OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (L.) Shmsuddin M. Mmun, U. Focken, G. Frncis nd K. Becker University of
More informationCampylobacterjejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Healthy
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1985, p. 339-346 0095-1137/85/090339-08$02.00/0 Copyright 1985, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 22, No. 3 Occurrence of Plsmids nd Antibiotic Resistnce mong
More informationImmunoprotective Activity of Ribosomes from
INPECTION AND IMMUNITY, Feb. 1977, p. 453-460 Copyright 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 15, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Immunoprotective Activity of Ribosomes from Hemophilus influenze MELVYN LYNN,'
More informationUSE OF SORGHUM-BASED DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DIETS FOR NURSERY AND FINISHING PIGS
Swine Dy 1996 USE OF SORGHUM-BASED DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DIETS FOR NURSERY AND FINISHING PIGS B. W. Senne, J. D. Hncock, I. Mvromichlis, S. L. Johnston, P. S. Sorrell, I. H. Kim, nd R. H. Hines Summry Two
More informationFermentation of L-Aspartate by a Saccharolytic Strain of
APPLIZD AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jn. 1977, p. 69-73 Copyright 1977 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 33, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Fermenttion of L-Asprtte by Scchrolytic Strin of Bcteroides melninogenicus
More informationOriginal article Human single-chain antibodies that neutralize homologous and heterologous strains and clades of influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Antivirl Therpy 14:221 230 Originl rticle Humn single-chin ntibodies tht neutrlize homologous nd heterologous strins nd cldes of influenz A virus subtype H5N1 Snti Mneewtch 1, Jeerphong Thnongsksrikul
More informationTwo Loci Controlling Genetic Cellular Resistance to Avian Leukosis-Sarcoma Viruses
JOURNAL OF VROLOGY, Oct. 967, p. 898-9 Copyright 967 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol., No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Two Loci Controlling Genetic Cellulr Resistnce to Avin Leukosis-Srcom Viruses LYMAN B.
More informationAnalysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses
Interntionl Journl of Biomedicl Mterils Reserch 8 6(): -7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr doi:.648/j.ijbmr.86. ISSN: 33-756 (Print) ISSN: 33-7579 (Online) Anlysis of Regultory of Interrelted
More informationSodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, and Virulence in
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 1993, p. 282-286 Vol. 59, No. 7 99-224/93/7282-5$2./ Copyright 1993, Americn Society for Microbiology Sodium Chloride, Potssium Chloride, nd Virulence in Listeri
More informationthalassaemia major, treated with long term subcutaneous desferrioxamine
Iron stte nd heptic disese in ptients with thlssemi mjor, treted with long term subcutneous desferrioxmine J Clin Pthol 1987;4:1353-1359 BEATRIX WONKE,t A V HOFFBRAND,* D M FLYNN,$ M A ALDOURI,* MARTINE
More informationRecent advances in cryopreservation od salmonid fish semen. Andrzej Ciereszko
Recent dvnces in cryopreservtion od slmonid fish semen Andrzej Ciereszko Institute of Animl Reproduction nd Food Reserch, Polish Acdemy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Polnd Justifiction for the studies Poor performnce
More informationThe Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typical Corn with or without Supplemental Fat on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers
Beef Reserch Report, 2000 Animl Science Reserch Reports 2001 The Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typicl Corn with or without Supplementl Ft on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers Crig R. Belknp Iow Stte
More informationPNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended by the CDC for all your appropriate adult patients at increased risk for pneumococcal disease 1,2 :
PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended y the CDC for ll your pproprite dult ptients t incresed risk for pneumococcl disese 1,2 : Adults ged
More informationEvaluation of New Urinary Tract Infection Screening Devices
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1973, p. 196-201 Copyright 0 1973 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 26, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Evlution of New Urinry Trct Infection Screening Devices WILLIAM A. CRAIG,
More informationcapacity in infants and children
Archives of Disese in Childhood, 1974, 49, 654. DDAVP test for estimtion of renl concentrting cpcity in infnts nd children A. S. ARONSON nd N. W. SVENNINGSEN From the Deprtment of Peditrics, University
More informationDevelopment and Persistence of Local and Systemic Antibody
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jn. 1986, p. 66-72 0095-1137/86/010066-07$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1986, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 1 Development nd Persistence of Locl nd Systemic Antibody
More informationSupplemental Materials
Supplementl Mterils Cellulose deficiency of shv3svl1 is enhnced y hyper ccumultion of exogenous sucrose vi the plsm memrne sucrose/h symporter SUC1 Trevor H. Yets, Hgit Sorek, Dvid E. Wemmer, Chris R.
More informationGeneration of Seal Influenza Virus Variants Pathogenic for
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, JUlY 199, P. 3297-333 22-538X/9/73297-7$2./ Copyright D 199, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 7 Genertion of Sel Influenz Virus Vrints Pthogenic for Chickens, becuse of
More informationDifferentiation of malignant from normal and reactive mesothelial cells by the argyrophil technique for
Thorx 1988;43:366-370 Differentition of mlignnt from norml nd rective mesothelil cells by the rgyrophil technique for nucleolr orgniser region ssocited proteins JON G AYRES, JOHN G CROCKER, NCHOLAS Q SKLBECK
More informationEstablishment of Infection in Mice
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jn. 1983, p. 193-197 0019-9567/83/010193-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1983, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 39, No. 1 Enhncement by Cndid lbicns of Stphylococcus ureus, Serrti mrcescens,
More informationBODY OF REPORT. SEAT0 Medic Study No. 4. Serologic Response to Tha.i Hemorrha.gic Fever Virus Infection. Project No.
BODY OF REPORT SEAT Medic Study No. 4 Project No. 3A 2561 A 811 Tsk 1: Serologic Response to Th.i Hemorrh.gic Fever Virus Infection Mi1it.q Medicl Reserch Prgr.m S. E. Asi. Mi1it.r~ Medic.1 Rese.rch Prgr.m
More informationCommunity. Profile Big Horn County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Big Horn County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCollege, Winston-Salem) (Received for publication August 5, 1946) human beings. It was necessary to select subjects
TRCHNELLA SKN TESTS N AN ORPHANAGE AND PRSON. COMPARSON WTH SEROLOGC TESTS FOR TRCHNOSS AND WTH THE TUBERCULN REACTON ' BY GEORGE T. HARRELL, S. F. HORNE, JERRY K AKAWA, AND NANCY J. HELSABECK (From the
More informationEFFECT OF DIETARY ENZYME ON PERFORMANCE OF WEANLING PIGS
EFFECT OF DIETARY ENZYME ON PERFORMANCE OF WEANLING PIGS Finl report sumitted to Dniso Animl Nutrition E. vn Heugten nd B. Frederik North Crolin Stte University, Deprtment of Animl Siene Summry The urrent
More informationPotential of plant-derived antimicrobials for controlling zoonotic and food-borne diseases
Potentil of plnt-derived ntimicrobils for controlling zoonotic nd food-borne diseses Kumr Venkitnrynn, DVM, MVSc, MS, Ph.D. Professor of Microbiology Grdute Progrms Chir Deprtment of Animl Science University
More informationConsumer perceptions of meat quality and shelf-life in commercially raised broilers compared to organic free range broilers
Consumer perceptions of met qulity nd shelf-life in commercilly rised roilers compred to orgnic free rnge roilers C.Z. ALVARADO 1 *, E. WENGER 2 nd S. F. O KEEFE 3 1 Texs Tech University, Box 42141 Luock,
More informationEffect of Endotoxin on Pyruvate Kinase Activity in Mouse Liver
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Aug. 1971, p. 138-142 Copyright 1971 Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 4, No. 2 Prinzted in U.S.A. Effect of Endotoxin on Pyruvte Kinse Activity in Mouse Liver IRVIN S. SNYDER,
More informationEffects of salicylate on intestinal absorption:
Effects of slicylte on intestinl bsorption: in vitro nd in vivo studies with enterotoxigenic micro-orgnisms VALERIE BURKE AND M GRACEY* Gut, 1980, 21, 683-688 From the Gstroenterologicl Reserch Unit, Princess
More informationThe Effect of Substituting Sugar with Artificial. Sweeteners on the Texture and Palatability of Pancakes
The Effect of Sustituting Sugr with Artificil NUTR 453 Sweeteners on the Texture nd Pltility of Pnckes Jmie Wldron, Rquel Reyes, nd Reecc Legi 1 I. Astrct The effects of replcing sugr with Stevi nd Splend
More informationDR. MARC PAGÈS Project Manager R&D Biologicals - Coccidia Projects, HIPRA
DR. MARC PAGÈS Project Mnger R&D Biologicls - Coccidi Projects, HIPRA Dr. Mrc Pgès Bosch otined Microiology nd Genetics degree t the University of Brcelon in 1998. He otined his PhD working on the synptoneml
More informationVitamin D and Mushrooms: Enrichment With Pulsed UV Light. Michael Kalaras Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University
Vitmin D nd Mushrooms: Enrichment With Pulsed UV Light Michel Klrs Deprtment of Food Science The Pennsylvni Stte University Vitmin D Synthesis Source: http://vitmind.ucr.edu/imges/chem1.gif Vitmin D In
More informationDetection of Coxiella burnetii Antibody
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1987, p. 1063-1067 0095-1137/87/061063-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1987, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 25, No. 6 Comprison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assy nd
More informationTexas pulmonary tuberculosis to study the effects of dietary deficiencies. on M. bovis BCG vaccine efficacy (17).
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Nov. 1985, p. 555-559 19-9567/85/11555-5$2./ Copyright C) 1985, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 2 Mycobcterium bovis BCG Vccine Fils to Protect Protein-Deficient Guine
More informationWORK which has been reported on
The Stbility of Vitmins A nd D in Mixed Feed Ingredients PART II VITAMIN A F. D. BAIRD, A. T. RINGROSE,* AND M. J. MACMILLAN Nutritionl Lbortory, Ntionl Oil Products Compny, Hrrison, New Jersey WORK which
More informationCommunity. Profile Powell County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Powell County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More information