DR. MARC PAGÈS Project Manager R&D Biologicals - Coccidia Projects, HIPRA

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1 DR. MARC PAGÈS Project Mnger R&D Biologicls - Coccidi Projects, HIPRA Dr. Mrc Pgès Bosch otined Microiology nd Genetics degree t the University of Brcelon in He otined his PhD working on the synptoneml complexes of Eimeri tenell chromosomes during meiosis. He strted working in poultry coccidiosis t HIPRA in 2000 when he joined Dr. Emilio del Ccho group t the Deprtment of Prsitology (University of Zrgoz, Zrgoz, Spin). He hs een collorting since then with Dr. del Ccho s group on the development of live ttenuted coccidiosis vccines. He ws the R&D Project Mnger for the EU registrtion of Hiprcox in 2005 nd now EVALON. He prticipted in the working group tht pulished the Europen Monogrph on coccidiosis vccines. Together with his work in live vccines he spend two yers t the lortory of Dr. Hyun Lillehoj (Animl Prsitic Diseses, USDA, Beltsville) developing strtegies to isolte Eimeri protective ntigens for suunit vccine ginst poultry coccidiosis. He is currently working in developing clssic vccines s well s novel strtegies ginst coccidi t HIPRA. 14

2 TRACING A NEW PATH IN AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS IMMUNOLOGY LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINE FOR BREEDERS AND LAYERS (EVALON ) IMMUNE MODULATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNITY BY THE USE OF AN ADJUVANTED SOLVENT (HIPRAMUNE T) PAGÈS 1, M.; BECH 1, G.; MARCH 1, R.; SITJÀ 1, M.; LILLEHOJ 2, H.; DEL CACHO 3, E. 1 HIPRA Amer (Giron, Spin), 2 Animl Biosciences nd Biotechnology Lortory (USDA, Beltsville), 3 Deprtment of Prsitology, University of Zrgoz (Zrgoz, Spin). EVALON is live coccidiosis vccine ginst vin coccidiosis composed of five ttenuted strins. Eimeri cervulin 003, E.runetti 034, E.mxim 013, E.nectrix 033 nd E.tenell 004 hve een selected to mximize immunogenicity, minimizing the side effects of Eimeri prsites. Avin Eimeri hve complex life cycle with comintion of exogenous nd endogenous stges tht trigger the immune system of the host. However, Eimeri prsites hve lso een descried s eing highly elusive to the immune system s well s producing chemokines tht cn slow or inhiit the immune response (Jng 2011, Schmid 2013, Misk 2013). Although it is well-known tht live vccines cn induce n dequte immunity without the comintion with n djuvnt, we strongly elieve tht immune modultion is crucil in providing strong, fst nd long-lsting immunity (Dlloul 2005). In Study 1 conducted t the University of Zrgoz with Prof. Emilio del Ccho, four sugroups per tretment received EVALON, EVALON in comintion with HIPRAMUNE T or Phosphte Buffered Solution (control group). Five irds from ech sugroup were used to otin intestinl lymphocytes from mucos nd Peyer s ptches t different time points postvccintion (7, 23 nd 43 dys p.v.). The lymphocytes were then incuted with n pproprite medium nd stimulted overnight with Eimeri whole ntigen. Lter, lymphocytes were fixed nd stined using monoclonl ntiodies mrked with fluoresceine nd studied with flow cytometry to detect lymphocytes producing IL-2, IFN-g, IL-4 nd IL-10 (see figure 1). Figure 1. Flow cytometry imges tht show detection of lymphocytes stined with IFN-g monoclonl ntiody. (Top) Grphic representtion of positive lymphocytes nd (Bottom) the progrm output where squre A2 indictes the percentge of positive lymphocytes to IFN-g. 15

3 LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINE FOR BREEDERS AND LAYERS (EVALON ) IMMUNE MODULATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNITY BY THE USE OF AN ADJUVANTED SOLVENT (HIPRAMUNE T) Medi Positive ,52 11,95 Cytokine: IL-2. Smple: Mucos Dy 7 Dy 23 Dy 43 Tretment 27,58 28,93 25,00 22,90 1,45 1,98 4,00 Results otined in the first experiment indicted tht HIPRAMUNE T is le to increse the level of Th1 cytokines s indicted y the results otined for IL-2 (figures 2 Nd 3). Significnt differences were detected t dys 23 nd 43 for mucos nd t dy 43 for Peyer s Ptches. Regrding IFN-g (figures 4 nd 5), significnt differences were detected t dys 7 nd 23 for mucos nd t dys 23 nd 43 for Peyer s Ptches. Medi Positive ,78 33,88 Cytokine: IL-2. Smple: Peyer Ptches 34,57 34,95 27,67 26,55 In contrst, the level of IL-4 nd IL-10 t dys 23 nd 43 ws equl or lower when EVALON nd EVALON + HIPRAMUNE T were compred. These results, comined with the results recorded for IL-2 nd IFN-g, confirm the ility of HIPRAMUNE T to stimulte cellulr immune response. Dy 7 4,72 11,78 Tretment Figures 2 (top) nd 3 (ottom). Figures 2 nd 3 represent the men percentge of positives for IL-2. Figure 2 results otined with lymphocytes isolted from mucos nd Figure 3 isolted from intestinl Peyer s Ptches., different superscripts indicte sttisticl differences. It is therefore hypothesized tht EVALON, when dministered together with HIPRAMUNE T, is le to polrize the immune response towrds Th1 response. This hppens, s indicted in study 1, with more intensity thn the live vccine without the djuvnt. The Th1 response is crucil for protection ginst Eimeri (del Ccho 2011 nd 2012). Dy 23 Dy 43 9,50 In vccines designed for lyers nd reeders which re long-lived ctegories, it is of prmount importnce to hve extended protection throughout the life cycle. Generlly, live ttenuted vccines hve proved to provide protection until 37 weeks. However, in the cse of EVALON, its efficcy is oosted y co-dministrtion with HIPRAMUNE T nd, we therefore wnted to test the durtion of immunity until the end of production cycle (60 weeks in reeders). 16

4 TRACING A NEW PATH IN AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS IMMUNOLOGY In Study 2 the durtion of immunity ws ssessed for EVALON + HIPRAMUNE T. The lortory fcilities used to perform the trils prevented the introduction of externl Eimeri oocysts which could provide trickle infections throughout the rering nd lying period. Together with this, irds were not moved from rering to lying nd on the contrry they were kept in the sme room. It is well-known tht t frm level nd fter vccintion, trickle infections occur, nd it is importnt to mintin nd enhnce long-term immunity ginst Eimeri prsites (Willims 2002). In the present study we wnted to prove tht protection ws extended in the sence of trickle infections. At dy 0 group of one-dy-old irds ws 2 vccinted vi corse-spry with one dose 1 of vccine EVALON + HIPRAMUNE T while nother group of irds received only PBS. The elimintion of oocysts ws monitored weekly in litter feces, nd s cn e seen in Figure 6. After the vccintion pek nd once the irds ecme fully protected, generlly no oocysts were detected. Tretment To study the efficcy of the vccine, irds were rndomly selected t different time points (14, 28, 40 nd 60 weeks) nd individul chllenge tests for ech Eimeri species included in the vccine were performed using highly pthogenic heterologous chllenge strins. The vccinted nd non-vccinted irds were compred, the min prmeter under considertion eing the mcroscopic intestinl lesions fter the chllenge. Other secondry prmeters evluted lso included individul ody weight, elimintion of oocysts post-chllenge, clinicl signs nd mortlity. Medi Positive Medi Positive ,70 Dy 7 Dy 23 Dy 43 Tretment 31,55 Cytokine: IFN-GAMMA. Smple: Peyer Ptches 9,73 27,95 Cytokine: IFN-GAMMA. Smple: Mucos 0,93 4,85 Dy 7 29,10 18,65 2,40 24,38 20,83 34,57 28,13 23,05 24,40 15,43 8,23 Dy 23 Dy 43 3,68 Figures 4 (top) nd 5 (ottom). Figures 4 nd 5 represent the men percentge of positives for IFN-g. Figure 4 results otined with lymphocytes isolted from mucos nd Figure 5 isolted from intestinl Peyer s Ptches., different superscripts indicte sttisticl differences. 17

5 LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINE FOR BREEDERS AND LAYERS (EVALON ) IMMUNE MODULATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNITY BY THE USE OF AN ADJUVANTED SOLVENT (HIPRAMUNE T) Figure 6. Dy 0 Week 3 Week 6 Week 9 Week 12 Week 15 Week 18 Week 21 Week 24 Week 27 Week 30 Week 33 Week 36 Week 39 Week 42 Week 45 Week 48 Week 51 Week 54 Week 57 Weekly oocyst counts from litter feces. EVALON + HIPRAMUNE T PBS (CTRL) 4,00 Figure 7. Lesion scores of mid-intestine t 6 dys post-chllenge with E.nectrix. Lesion scoring 0-4 ccording to Johnson nd Reid, Medi Lesion Score 3,00 2,00 1,00 3,64 Tretment CTRL INF. 2,12 2,31 0,17 0,08 0,42 14 Weeks 28 Weeks 40 Weeks 60 Weeks EVALON + HIPRAMUNE T () Breeder frm As n exmple, dt otined for E.nectrix lesion scoring fter chllenge re included in Figure 7. Similr results in terms of significnt reduction of lesions in vccinted groups were otined for ll the other Eimeri species included in the vccine. 3,25 0,50 Severe Moderte Mild The results otined indicted n extended durtion of immunity with EVALON when dministered together with the djuvnted solvent HIPRAMUNE T in conditions tht do not fvour the presence of oocysts in the litter. The durtion of immunity could e confirmed t 60 weeks postvccintion. 18

6 TRACING A NEW PATH IN AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS IMMUNOLOGY REFERENCES Dlloul RA, Lillehoj HS. Recent dvnces in immunomodultion nd vccintion strtegies ginst coccidiosis. Avin Dis Mr; 49(1): 1-8 Del Ccho E, Gllego M, Lee S, Lillehoj H, Quilez J, Lillehoj E, Sánchez- Acedo C. Induction of protective immunity ginst Eimeri tenell infection using ntigen-loded dendritic cells (DC) nd DC-derived exosomes. Vccine (2011) 29: Del Ccho E, Gllego M, Lee S, Lillehoj H, Quilez J, Lillehoj E, Sánchez-Acedo C. Induction of protective immunity ginst Eimeri tenell, Eimeri mxim, nd Eimeri cervulin infections using dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Infect Immun (2012) 80: Jng SI, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Kim DK, Pgès M, Hong YH, Min W, Lillehoj EP. Distinct immunoregultory properties of mcrophge migrtion inhiitory fctors encoded y Eimeri prsites nd their chicken host. Vccine (2011) Nov 8; 29(48). Johnson J, Reid WM. Anticoccidil drugs: lesion scoring techniques in ttery nd floor-pen experiments with chickens. Exp Prsitol (1970) Aug; 28(1): Misk KB, Kim S, Fetterer RH, Dlloul RA, Jenkins MC. Mcrophge migrtion inhiitory fctor (MIF) of the protozon prsite Eimeri influences the components of the immune system of its host, the chicken. Prsitol Res. (2013) My; 112(5): Schmid M, Heitlinger E, Spork S, Mollenkopf H-J, Lucius R nd Gupt N. Eimeri flciformis infection of the mouse cecum identifies opposing roles of IFNg-regulted host pthwys for the prsite development. Mucosl Immunology Dec (2013). Willims RB. Anticoccidil vccines for roiler chickens: pthwys to success. Avin Pthol. (2002) Aug; 31(4):