CURRENT ANIMAL HEALTH SITUATION WORLDWIDE: ANALYSIS OF EVENTS AND TRENDS

Transcription

1 Dr Paula Cáceres Soto Head, World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department CURRENT ANIMAL HEALTH SITUATION WORLDWIDE: ANALYSIS OF EVENTS AND TRENDS 84 th General Session of the World Assembly of OIE Delegates Paris, France, 22 to 27 May 2016

2 Contents 1. Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest Infection with influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity in birds Bluetongue Lumpy skin disease Infection with peste des petits ruminants virus 2. Global situation regarding diseases of aquatic animals 3. Global situation regarding two non OIE listed diseases affecting wild animals Infection with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses Infection with Sarcoptes scabiei 4. Evaluation of the sensitivity of the WAHIS early warning system 5. Results of the recent survey Evaluation of WAHIS, 10 years after the launch World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 2

3 1.Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 3

4 Member Countries having submitted their six monthly report on terrestrial animal diseases As of 25 May 2016: 91% (163/180) for the 1 st semester of % (153/180) for the 2 nd semester of 2015 Excellent results compared to last year! Member Countries are encouraged to continue their efforts to submit information in a timely fashion World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 4

5 Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest Infection with influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity in birds World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 5

6 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) 23% countries/territories World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 6

7 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N1 16% countries/territories Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 7

8 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N8 6% countries/territories Americas, Asia and Europe World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 8

9 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N2 3% countries/territories Americas, Asia and Europe World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 9

10 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N6 2% countries/territories Asia World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 10

11 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H7N7 2% countries Europe World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 11

12 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N3 Chinese Taipei World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 12

13 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H5N9 France World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 13

14 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H7N3 Mexico World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 14

15 Distribution of HPAI in 2015 and early 2016 H7N8 United States of America World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 15

16 % of the reporting countries/territories for each semester between 2006 and 2015 that notified HPAI present (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Number of countries 200 y = x x R² = 0.7 % of countries affected 40% % 20% 10% 0 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 0% Countries reporting the disease absent Countries reporting the disease present % affected reporting countries Recent spread World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 16

17 Analysis of WAHIS data Dynamics of the viruses since 2005? Four approaches World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 17

18 Methodology (1) General description of the spread and speed characteristics of the virus Between 2005 and 2015, 6546 HPAI outbreaks reported through INs and FURs For each outbreak, calculation of the distance from index outbreak in the same event (Haversine formula) = Spread values For each outbreak, spread divided by the time since the start of the event = Speed values World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 18

19 Results (1) Spread results of HPAI virus at national event level from 2005 to 2015 Value (km) Minimum Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Maximum Highest values observed in the biggest countries with the capacity to track the evolution of the disease within their national boundaries World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 19

20 Results (1) Speed results for HPAI virus at national event level, from 2005 to 2015 Value (km/ day) Minimum Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Maximum World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 20

21 Possible confounding factors! Starting point may not be the index outbreak Different capacities of veterinary services on surveillance and early detection Outbreaks in the same event might not all be epidemiologically related, etc. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 21

22 Methodology (2) Differences between outbreaks in domestic and wild birds Between 2005 and 2015, 6546 HPAI outbreaks reported through INs and FURs Domestic birds Index and resulting outbreaks in domestic birds Wild birds Index or resulting outbreaks in wild birds Comparison of spread and speed values World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 22

23 Results (2) Density curves of spread and speed of HPAI viruses calculated at national event level, from 2005 to 2015 Comparison of medians Results of HPAI outbreaks involving wild birds were significantly higher than results of outbreaks involving only domestic birds World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 23

24 Methodology (3) Geographical disparities in speed and spread Between 2005 and 2015, 6546 HPAI outbreaks reported through INs and FURs Kernel density estimator (KDE) 28 critical areas affected by HPAI For each area, median spread For each area, median speed World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 24

25 Results (3) Kernel estimation of critical areas affected by HPAI, classified using spread values x100! Significant geographical disparities World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 25

26 Results (3) Kernel estimation of critical areas affected by HPAI, classified using speed values x20! Significant geographical disparities World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 26

27 Methodology (4) Trends in outbreak duration Outbreaks that started in 2014 or 2015 excluded to avoid bias due to outbreaks still open For each outbreak, difference between the date of end and the date of start = Duration (days) Analysis of duration trend in time, between 2005 and 2013 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 27

28 Results (4) Results of exponential regression of median duration of HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds from 2005 to 2013 Exponential decrease! P value<0.001 R2=0.24 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 28

29 Conclusion Countries can compare their data with those collected at global level Interesting information to further explore the factors influencing the dynamics of HPAI viruses The OIE is willing to increase data analysis and expand collaboration with other institutions Making better use of the animal disease information available in WAHIS in line with the Sixth Strategic Plan World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 29

30 Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest Bluetongue World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 30

31 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early 2016 (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) 24% countries/territories World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 31

32 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early 2016 Americas 11 countries 10 Serotypes: 3, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 32

33 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early 2016 Europe 12 countries 4 Serotypes: 1, 2, 4, 8 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 33

34 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early countries 5 Serotypes: 2, 4, 5, 8, 16 Middle East World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 34

35 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early countries Serotypes 1, 4 Africa World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 35

36 Distribution of bluetongue in 2015 and early 2016 Asia, Far East and Oceania 5 countries Serotypes 5, 12 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 36

37 % of the reporting countries/territories for each semester between 2005 and 2015 that notified bluetongue present (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Number of countries 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd y = x x x R² = 0.6 1st 2nd 1st nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd % of countries affected 1st 2nd 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Countries reporting the disease absent Countries reporting the disease present % affected reporting countries Recent spread World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 37

38 Analysis of WAHIS data What disease patterns have been observed since 2005 in the various climatic regions of the world? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 38

39 Methodology (1) Presence of bluetongue viruses according to latitude Between 2005 and 2015, 86 countries/territories reported bluetongue present at least once For each, % of semesters for which bluetongue was reported present Plot against latitude of the centroid of the country (irrespective of northern and southern hemisphere) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 39

40 % positive semesters (median) Results (1) Relationship between %of semesters for which the countries reported the presence of bluetongue, from 2005 to 2015, and latitude range 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% y = x x R² = 0.5 Latitude ( S or N) Negative correlation! World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 40

41 Methodology (2) Presence of bluetongue viruses according to dominant climate Between 2005 and 2014, 37 countries provided consistent information on the number of outbreaks per month Northern hemisphere Dominant climate: Warm temperate (24) Northern hemisphere Dominant climate: Arid (5) Dominant climate: Other (8) Seasonal trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) Yearly seasonal trends + long term trends World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 41

42 Results not representative of the regions! Due to the low number of countries that provided complete information on monthly incidence The results presented as examples World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 42

43 Results (2) Seasonal decomposition of monthly bluetongue outbreak incidence, from 2005 to 2014, by main climate type Yearly seasonal trends Different periods of the year most at risk! World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 43

44 Results (2) Seasonal decomposition of monthly bluetongue outbreak incidence, from 2005 to 2014, by main climate type Long term trends Important to evaluate the risk of reoccurrence of the disease from year to year! World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 44

45 Conclusion Relevant in the context of climate change Provision of data by month recommended for diseases with a seasonal pattern for seasonal trends analysis and better preparedness Epidemiological analysis of WAHIS data with other sources of information World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 45

46 Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest Lumpy skin disease World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 46

47 Distribution of lumpy skin disease in 2015 and early 2016 (data based on reports received up to 4May 2016) 25% countries/territories World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 47

48 % of the reporting countries/territories for each semester between 2005 and 2015 that notified lumpy skin disease present (data based on reports received up to 4May 2016) Number of countries y = x R² = 0.4 % of countries affected 30% 20% 10% 0 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 0% Countries reporting the disease absent Countries reporting the disease present % affected reporting countries Increasing trend World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 48

49 Analysis of WAHIS data How did the spatial distribution of the disease evolve in the past 10 years? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 49

50 Methodology Presence of lumpy skin disease according to latitude Analysis of the outbreaks reported through immediate notifications in the period Measurement of latitude of each outbreaks (n= 785) Plot the year against latitude and evaluation of the trend World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 50

51 Correlation between latitude and the presence of LSD in the reporting year (period ) Significant increase of average latitude through the years (p value < 0.001; rho=0.72) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 51

52 Conclusions LSD spread into areas where it had never been reported Environmental/climatic conditions can serve to predict the potential spread of vector borne diseases The reported outbreaks can be used to predict what areas are most likely to be affected Member Countries are encouraged to provide the OIE with information of the highest possible quality World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 52

53 Global situation regarding four terrestrial OIE listed diseases and infections of major interest Infection with peste des petits ruminants virus World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 53

54 Distribution of PPR in 2015 and early 2016 (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) 28% countries/territories World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 54

55 OIE Member Countries official status 2015 for PPR World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 55

56 Analysis of WAHIS data How has the geographical range of PPR increased in recent years? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 56

57 Methodology Evolution of PPR Evolution of the epidemiological situation in the period by mean of Occurrence trend Spatial trend Percentage of countries reporting the disease present Spread of the disease from the stable areas to new areas World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 57

58 % of the reporting countries/territories for each semester between 2005 and 2015 that notified PPR present (data based on reports received up to 4May 2016) Number of countries 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st y = x R² = nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Countries reporting the disease absent Countries reporting the disease present % affected reporting countries 1st 2nd 1st 2nd % affected countries 1st 2nd Increasing trend 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 58

59 Spatial distribution of the PPR outbreaks used for the spread analysis (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 59

60 Regional spatial trends of the outbreaks in Asia (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Deterioration P value<0.05 R2=0.7 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 60

61 Regional spatial trends of the outbreaks in Africa (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Stable P value n.s. R2=0.3 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 61

62 Conclusion The global spread of PPR beyond its traditional range is alarming, above all for the outbreaks that border free countries Big regional differences between Africa and Asia Results of the analysis indicate the global epidemiological picture (reference condition) at which the Global Strategy for the eradication of PPR started World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 62

63 2.Global situation regarding diseases of aquatic animals World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 63

64 Member Countries having submitted their six monthly report on aquatic animal diseases As of 25 May 2016: 65% (117/180) the 1 st semester of % (108/180) for the 2 nd semester of 2015 Encouraging percentages compared to last year! But much lower than for terrestrial animals World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 64

65 % of countries reporting aquatic animal diseases present in 2015 and early 2016, by disease (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Most widespread ( 10%): Absent in all countries (=0%): Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (16%) Koi herpesvirus disease (14%) Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis Infection with abalone herpes like virus Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (14%) Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis (13%) Infection with Perkinsus olseni (10%) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 65

66 Analysis of WAHIS data What are the global trends in the presence of OIE listed diseases by category of animals? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 66

67 Methodology Countries with a substantial average annual production or capture tonnage (> tonnes) & regular submission of six monthly reports to the OIE Aquaculture production: 34 countries Capture tonnage: 65 countries % of countries having reported at least one OIE listed disease present per semester and per category of animals World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 67

68 % of countries with annual aquaculture production higher than 50,000 tonnes having reported at least one OIE listed disease present or suspected in aquaculture animals, between 2009 and 2015, by semester (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 50% 40% 30% 20% 4% 27% y = x x R² = 0.5 y = x R² = 0.6 P value=0<05 Recent increase! 10% 0% P value=0<05 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 68

69 Other categories no significant trends (data based on reports received up to 4 May 2016) Aquaculture : Crustacean diseases (average of 42% countries affected) Fish diseases (average of 37% countries affected) Capture : Important variations! Amphibian diseases (average of 17% countries affected) Mollusc diseases (average of 15% countries affected) Crustacean diseases (average of 14% countries affected) Fish diseases (average of 10% countries affected) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 69

70 Conclusion Increasing presence of amphibian and mollusc diseases in production animals Recent spread or better detection/reporting Countries encouraged to nominate National Focal Points for Aquatic Animals and provide them with access to WAHIS World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 70

71 3.Global situation regarding two non OIE listed diseases affecting wild animals World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 71

72 Wild annual report for non OIE listed diseases 53 non OIE listed diseases selected by the OIE Working Group on Wildlife, important for wildlife, conservation & disease preparedness Submission on voluntary basis, no impact on trade Sensitise Members on wildlife diseases reporting Reports submitted by 119 countries from 2008 to early 2016 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 72

73 Infection with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in wild birds Preparedness purposes: Importance to human health, livelihoods and well being Importance in relation to domestic animals 33% reporting countries affected ( ) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 73

74 Countries having reported LPAI in wild birds at least once between 2008 and 2015, and subtypes identified, among those with a potential zoonotic impact True LPAI distribution? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 74

75 Analysis of WAHIS data Is there an association between reporting LPAI in wild birds and previous experience of HPAI in poultry or AI in humans? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 75

76 Methodology Countries which submitted wild annual reports (119) Reported the presence of LPAI in wild birds? (Yes=39) Impacted by AI viruses in poultry or humans? (Yes=31) Odds ratio Association? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 76

77 Results and discussion Strong association! OR = 3.6 (CI95% = [ ]) Overlapping areas where LPAI circulates in wild birds and where AI infected humans and poultry Countries with experience of AI in humans and poultry put more efforts in detecting/reporting LPAI in wild birds World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 77

78 Infection with Sarcoptes scabiei Importance to environmental integrity and ecological sustainability Can cause a huge and dramatic decrease of threatened or endangered species of wildlife. Sanitary management of threatened and endangered wild animals World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 78

79 Distribution of infection with Sarcoptes scabiei among the countries submitting wild annual reports for non OIE listed diseases % reporting countries affected World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 79

80 IUCN and CITES classification categories of species reported to have been infected with Sarcoptes scabiei for the years 2008 to 2015 Wild species affected by S. scabiei Least concern 29 Endangered, near threatened or vulnerable 6 IUCN Appendix I, II or III 13 Not listed 22 CITES World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 80

81 IUCN and CITES classifications of mammal species reported in WAHIS as having been affected by Sarcoptes scabiei Species IUCN CITES Acinonyx jubatus Vulnerable Appendix I Ammotragus lervia Vulnerable Appendix II Gazella dorcas Vulnerable Appendix III Gazella thomsonii Near threatened Not listed Lycaon pictus Endangered Not listed Tapirus terrestris Vulnerable Appendix II World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 81

82 Analysis of WAHIS data How could WAHIS Wild contribute to biodiversity conservation? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 82

83 Methodology Evaluation of sanitary data available for Endangered species Population of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) classified as vulnerable by IUCN S. Scabiei information available in WAHIS Wild Overlapping with species range (as described by IUCN) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 83

84 Geographical distribution of Acinonyx jubatus and presence of infection with S. scabiei as reported through wild annual reports for non OIE listed diseases, between 2008 and 2015 Distribution Sarcoptes World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 84

85 Results and discussion Unfortunately, few sanitary information is available for many subpopulations Good knowledge of the sanitary status of a wildlife population is important for its conservation management Avoid disease spread due to movement between subpopulations (such as translocation) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 85

86 General conclusion Examples of the usefulness of the information provided through WAHIS Wild Current participation rate of the countries in providing information is encouraging but more efforts are required In the future, such a tool could become a reference for preparedness and conservation management in terms of animal health World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 86

87 4.Evaluation of the sensitivity of the WAHIS early warning system World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 87

88 Geographical coverage of rumours tracked by the World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department since August 2015 Satisfactory global coverage! World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 88

89 Early warning EVENT 1 CONFIRMED NO ANSWER EVENT 2 SPONTANEOUS NOTIFICATION EVENT 3 1 point sensitivity! 21 points sensitivity! sensitivity? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 89

90 Methodology Evaluation of WAHIS sensitivity In 2015, 219 potential exceptional events detected Sensitivity evaluation (IN sent spontaneously)/ (IN sent spontaneously + confirmed rumours + rumours without answer) Sensitivity highest value Sensitivity lowest value World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 90

91 Sensitivity of the WAHIS early warning system in the different OIE Regions in 2015 Region Geographical disparities Sensitivity (range) Africa 84 86% Americas 92% Asia, Far East and Oceania 85 92% Europe 94 96% Middle East 60 75% All Regions 87 92% World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 91

92 Sensitivity of the WAHIS early warning system for various OIE listed diseases in 2015 Disease Sensitivity (range) BSE 75% LSD 75% NCD 75% PPR 75% HPAI 89 90% FMD 91% ASF % BT 92% LPAI % All diseases 87 92% Disparities between diseases! World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 92

93 Conclusion Overall good sensitivity of WAHIS early warning system Active search activity promotes a progressive increase in the quality of the information collected in WAHIS The OIE would like to thank all the countries, laboratories and organisations that collaborate in the active search of information World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 93

94 5.Results of the recent survey Evaluation of WAHIS, 10 years after the launch World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 94

95 Topics developed in the survey December 2015 March Are you satisfied with WAHIS and with OIE support? 2. What are the challenges experienced during the notification process? 3. What are your suggestions for improvement? World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 95

96 Data entry 206 respondents from 168 countries/territories OIE support Survey Type information required Data display in WAHIS interface Satisfying topics highlighted Topics needing improvements highlighted World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 96

97 Satisfying topics highlighted WAHIS intuitive Data entry Adequate deadlines for report submission Relationship with OIE support staff OIE support Survey Type information required Data display in WAHIS interface Satisfactory general qualitative and quantitative data World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 97

98 Topics needing improvements Data entry Speediness of data processing Simplicity of access specifications to WAHIS Compatibility between the national database and WAHIS General simplicity of data entry process World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 98

99 Topics needing improvements Improve the clarity of occurrence codes Give possibility to add more epidemiological information Type of information required Simplify WAHIS reports World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 99

100 Topics needing improvements Combine WAHIS data with other information Possibility for data extraction Facilitate the interpretation of WAHIS data Data display in WAHIS interface Improve the completeness of information displayed Facilitate finding information World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 100

101 Conclusion OIE is thankful to the 206 respondents Reinforcing trust through transparency and communication: a pillar of the OIE Sixth Strategic Plan Feedback is taken into account for further improvements and in the renovation process of WAHIS, starting from 2016 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 101

102 Thank you for your attention Dr Paula Cáceres Soto 12, rue de Prony, Paris, France - World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 102