Methods and technique of endoscopic research of ENTorgans. Clinical anatomy and. physiology of auditory analyzer. Study 1

Transcription

1 Methods and technique of endoscopic research of ENTorgans. Clinical anatomy and physiology of auditory analyzer Study 1

2 Auditory analyzer consists of: Auricle Middle ear Inner ear Peripheral Part Transmitting ways Central Part Central part

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4 Auricle Collects sounds Helps to identify the direction of sound Increases the high frequency sound sensibility

5 External auditory passage (canal) 3 cm long S - Form 1/3 cartilaginous (membranous) Cerumen (Earwax) glands Increases sounds 2і3osseous

6 Middle ear Tympanic cavity Mastoid cells Auditory tube

7 Middle ear anatomy

8 Tympanic cavity Divided into 3 parts (floors) There are 6 walls There are 3 bones and 2 muscles

9 External auditory passage (canal)

10 Tympanic membrane lateral wall

11 Age anatomy of tympanic membrane In adults In children

12 Tympanic membrane Is a thin membrane and consists of 3 layers Separates external auditory canal from the tympanic cavity Is vibrating under influence of sound waves and transmitting oscillations to osteones. Is the main increaser of transformational mechanism of middle ear.

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14 Mastoid process Cells of mastoid are the passive air reserve of middle ear

15 Osteones A: malleus B: incus C: stapes Are the smallest bones of human body Are functioning as a general lever mechanism Increase the sound pressure to the liquids of inner ear Defend the inner ear structures from the loudest sounds

16 Слухо тру Consists of membranous and osseous parts Does the barofunction Opens during swallowing and gaping

17 Auditory (Eustachian) tube

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19 Inner ear

20 Cochlea Sound waves endo- and perilymph vibration chemical reaction electric impulse T Or

21 Spiral (Corti) organ The sound-perceptive part of auditory analyzer The transformation of mechanical vibration into the electric impulse

22 Hair cells Outer cells, inner cells Outers 4 times less numerous than inners Outer cells are more sensitive for sound vibrations (~40 db) Mechanic vibration leads to the affecting mediators, which correspond with reacting of nerve cells

23 Age anatomy of auditory tube Children s Adult s

24 Frontal rhinoscopy

25 Oropharyngoscopy

26 Laryngoscopy

27 Auricle examination

28 Otoscopy

29 Auditory tube examination Normal picture of auditory tube ostium

30 Auditory tube examination Adenoid vegetation in auditory tube ostium

31 Auditory tube examination Enlarged posterior end of nasal turbinate which coved the auditory tube ostium

32 Auditory tube examination Hypertrophy of auditory tube tonsill

33 Auditory tube examination Allergic aedema in mucose of auditory tube ostium

34 Auditory and vestibular analyzer research Study 2

35 Tuning fork examination

36 Tuning fork examination

37 Inner ear anatomy

38 Auditory analyzer research

39 З є, є2ї-2їїїї 1їїї-3їїї 8ї-90 є,

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41 З 1. З 2. є є 3. є 4. Х 5. З 6. В Ти и х х я и и і і 6

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43 Hear cells reaction + 0 mv -30mV + +

44 є н н н є є

45 Transmitting ways of auditory analiser First neuron bipolar cells of spiral ganglion second neuron ventral and dorsal nucleus of medulla Third neuron olive complex Forth neuron medial geniculate body

46 є л є є є л є тd

47 Anatomy and physiology of vestibular analyzer

48 З, є є є є. є є, є

49 є т є є

50 Vestibular apparatus

51 Vestibular apparatus

52 Hear cells steriocillies one kinocillium

53 Cupula Crista ampullaris consists from sensorial and supporting cells

54 Semicircular cells in rotation З є є є л є

55 Otolitics apparatus and gravitation

56 Vestibular connections