Homeostasis. Question Paper 1. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. Level GCSE (9-1) Exam Board 4.5 Homeostasis and Response. Booklet Question Paper 1

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1 Homeostasis Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Homeostasis Difficulty Level Bronze Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 54 minutes Score: /54 Percentage: /100 Page 1

2 Q1.Humans control their internal environment in many ways. Look at the diagram below. (a) Name organ A.... (b) Organ A stores glucose. People with Type 1 diabetes cannot effectively control the levels of glucose in their blood. Name the hormone people with Type 1 diabetes have to inject to decrease their blood glucose level.... (c) Which organ produces urine? Tick one box. Brain Lungs Page 2

3 Kidney Thyroid (d) Marathon runners often drink sports drinks during a race. Explain why (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 3

4 Q2. Doctors use dialysis to treat patients with kidney failure. The table shows the sizes of molecules of some of the substances found in blood plasma. Substance Size of molecule in arbitrary units Water 18 Sodium ion 23 Urea 60 Glucose 180 Albumin (a blood protein) (a) Use information from the table to answer the questions. (i) Albumin is a blood protein. Albumin is not removed from the blood during dialysis. Explain why. (2) (ii) During a dialysis session, one patient s body mass decreased by 2 kilograms. This decrease was mainly due to removal from the blood of one of the substances in the table. Which substance was this?... (iii) The substance you named in part (a)(ii) was able to pass through the dialysis membrane. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. The substance passed through because the Page 4

5 impermeable. membrane was partially permeable. surrounded by capillaries. (b) For most patients, a kidney transplant is better than continued treatment using dialysis. Kidney transplants have some disadvantages. Give two disadvantages of kidney transplants (2) (Total 6 marks) Page 5

6 Q3.The diagram shows some of the organs of the human body. (a) Which organ labelled on the diagram: (i) produces urine... (ii) stores urine... (iii) produces urea... (iv) gets rid of carbon dioxide... (v) helps to control body temperature?... (b) Bar chart 1 shows the volume of water the human body gains each day. Page 6

7 Bar chart 1 Source of water gained by body (i) Calculate the total volume of water the body gains each day. Total volume of water gained =... cm 3 (2) Bar chart 2 shows the volume of water lost each day by breathing out, in sweat and in faeces. Bar chart 2 Page 7

8 Water lost by body (ii) Calculate the total volume of water lost each day by breathing out, in sweat and in faeces. Volume =... cm 3 (iii) The volume of water the body loses must balance the volume of water the body gains. Use your answers to part (b)(i) and part (b)(ii) to calculate the volume of water lost in urine. Volume of water lost in urine =... cm 3 (iv) Plot your answer to part (b)(iii) on Bar chart 2. Page 8

9 (v) After taking some types of recreational drugs, the kidneys produce very little urine. What happens to the body cells if the kidneys produce very little urine? (Total 11 marks) Page 9

10 Q4.Type 1 diabetes develops when the body does not produce enough insulin. (a) Which organ produces insulin?... (b) One treatment for diabetes is to inject insulin. The table gives the properties of four different types of insulin, A, B, C and D. Type of insulin Time taken for the insulin to begin to work in minutes Time taken for insulin to reach maximum concentration in the blood in minutes Time when insulin is no longer effective in hours A B C D (i) Some people with diabetes need to inject insulin just before a meal to stop a big increase in blood sugar concentration. Which type of insulin, A, B, C or D, should these people with diabetes inject just before a meal?... Give the reason for your answer. (2) (ii) A person with diabetes is told to inject type B insulin immediately after breakfast at The person with diabetes is told to then inject a second type of insulin at lunchtime at The second type of insulin should keep the blood sugar level under control for the rest of the 24 hours. Which type of insulin, A, C or D, should this person with diabetes inject at lunchtime?... Page 10

11 Give the reason for your answer. (2) (iii) Apart from injecting insulin, give one other way in which Type 1 diabetes can be controlled. (Total 6 marks) Page 11

12 Q5.People with kidney disease may be treated by dialysis. The diagram shows a dialysis machine. (a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. A person loses mass during dialysis. One patient lost 2.2 kilograms during a dialysis session. salt (i) This person lost mass mainly because urea was removed from the blood. water (ii) This substance was able to pass through the partially permeable membranes large. because its molecules are round. small. Page 12

13 (iii) The concentration of sodium ions at X is 3.15 grams per dm 3. At the end of a dialysis session, the most likely concentration of sodium ions 0.00 at Y would be 3.15 grams per dm (b) The table shows the cost, in the UK, of treating one patient who has kidney disease. Treatment Cost per year in pounds Dialysis Kidney transplant: operation + first year s medical care medical care in each further year (i) During the first year, dialysis treatment is cheaper than a kidney transplant. How much cheaper is the dialysis treatment?... pounds (ii) After some time, the cost of treating a patient by a transplant operation would be cheaper than continual treatment by dialysis. How many years would it take? Draw a ring around one answer. 2 years 3 years 4 years Page 13

14 (iii) A transplant patient needs to take drugs for the rest of his life to suppress the immune system. Why is it necessary to suppress the immune system? (Total 6 marks) Page 14

15 Q6.The diagram shows one type of biogas generator. (a) With this type of biogas generator, the concentration of solids that are fed into the reactor must be kept very low. Suggest one reason for this. Tick ( ) one box. A higher concentration contains too little oxygen. A higher concentration would be difficult to stir. A higher concentration contains too much carbon dioxide. (b) The pie chart shows the percentages of the different gases found in the biogas. Page 15

16 Gas X is the main fuel gas found in the biogas. (i) What is the name of gas X? Draw a ring around one answer. methane nitrogen oxygen (ii) What is the percentage of gas X in the biogas? Show clearly how you work out your answer. Percentage of gas X =... (2) (c) If the biogas generator is not airtight, the biogas contains a much higher percentage of carbon dioxide. Draw a ring around one answer in each part of this question. aerobic respiration. (i) The air that leaks in will increase the rate of anaerobic respiration. Page 16

17 fermentation. ammonia. (ii) The process in part (c)(i) occurs because the air contains nitrogen. oxygen. (Total 6 marks) Page 17

18 Q7.Diabetes is a disease in which the concentration of glucose in a person s blood may rise to fatally high levels. Insulin controls the concentration of glucose in the blood. (a) Where is insulin produced? Draw a ring around one answer. gall bladder liver pancreas (b) People with diabetes may control their blood glucose by injecting insulin. (i) If insulin is taken by mouth, it is digested in the stomach. What type of substance is insulin? Draw a ring around one answer. carbohydrate fat protein (ii) Apart from using insulin, give one other way people with diabetes may reduce their blood glucose. (c) The bar chart shows the number of people with diabetes in different age groups in the UK. Page 18

19 Age in years (i) Describe how the number of males with diabetes changes between the ages of 0 44 years and 75 years and over. (3) (ii) Compare the number of males and females with diabetes: between the ages of 0 and 64 years over the age of 65 years. Page 19

20 (2) (Total 8 marks) Page 20

21 Q8.Human body temperature must be kept within narrow limits. The image shows a cyclist in a race. Ljupco/iStock/Thinkstock (a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. blood brain kidney sweat urine The cyclist s body temperature is monitored by a centre in the.... This centre is sensitive to the temperature of the cyclist s.... If the cyclist s body temperature increases, his body increases the production of.... (3) (b) (i) Cyclists drink sports drinks after a race. The table below shows the ratio of glucose to ions in three sports drinks, A, B and C. Sports drink A B C Ratio of glucose (g per dm3) to ions (mg per dm 3 ) 15:14 12:1 2:7 Page 21

22 The closer this ratio of glucose to ions is to 1:1 in a sports drink, the faster the body replaces water. Which sports drink, A, B or C, would replace water fastest in an athlete? (ii) Why should sports drinks contain ions? (iii) Why should a person with diabetes not drink too much sports drink? (Total 6 marks) Page 22

23 Homeostasis Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Homeostasis Difficulty Level Silver Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 60 minutes Score: /60 Percentage: /100 Page 1

24 Q1.This question is about the nervous system. (a) Describe the function of receptors in the skin (2) (b) A response is caused when information in the nervous system reaches an effector. (i) There are two different types of effector. Complete the table to show: the two different types of effector the response each type of effector makes. (4) (ii) Some effectors help to control body temperature. Give one reason why it is important to control body temperature. Page 2

25 (Total 7 marks) Page 3

26 Q2. The diagram shows the structures involved in a reflex action. (a) On the diagram, name the structures labelled W, X and Y. (3) (b) The control of blood sugar level is an example of an action controlled by hormones. Give two ways in which a reflex action is different from an action controlled by hormones (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 4

27 Q3. Diabetes is a disease in which a person s blood glucose concentration may rise. Doctors give people drugs to treat diabetes. The table shows some of the side effects on the body of four drugs, A, B, C and insulin, used to treat diabetes. Drug A B C Insulin Side effects on the body Weight loss Liver, kidney and heart damage Feeling of sickness Weight gain Damage to some cells in pancreas More water is kept in the body Weight gain Increased chance of bone breakage in women A little more water is kept in the body Weight gain Increased risk of lung damage (a) Which drug, A, B, C or insulin, is most likely to result in an increase in blood sugar concentration in some people? Explain your answer. Drug... Explanation (2) (b) (i) Drugs A, B and C can be taken as tablets. The chemicals in the tablets are absorbed into the blood from the digestive system. Insulin is a protein. Insulin cannot be taken as a tablet. Why? Page 5

28 (ii) Other than using drugs, give two methods of treating diabetes (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 6

29 Q4.The human body produces many hormones. (a) (i) What is a hormone? (ii) Name an organ that produces a hormone.... (iii) How are hormones transported to their target organs?... (b) Describe how the hormones FSH, oestrogen and LH are involved in the control of the menstrual cycle (3) (Total 6 marks) Page 7

30 Q5. A group of students is going on an outdoor expedition. The students need to keep warm in windy conditions. The table shows the effect of wind speed on how quickly someone gets frostbite at different air temperatures. Wind speed in metres per second Air temperature in C Key Time taken to get frostbite: No frostbite 30 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes (a) (i) Describe the effect of changing air temperature on the time taken to get frostbite. (ii) What is the longest time it is safe to stay outside when the air temperature is 20 C and the wind speed is 10 metres per second?... minutes Page 8

31 (b) When core body temperature begins to fall, changes may happen in the body. Which two changes will happen when core body temperature begins to fall? Tick ( ) two boxes. More blood flows through skin capillaries Muscles shiver Blood vessels supplying the skin capillaries constrict Sweat glands release more sweat (2) (Total 4 marks) Page 9

32 Q6.The diagram shows the position of two glands, A and B, in a woman. (a) (i) Name glands A and B. A... B... (2) (ii) Gland A produces the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). FSH controls changes in gland B. How does FSH move from gland A to gland B? (b) (i) A woman is not able to become pregnant. The woman does not produce mature eggs. The woman decides to have In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Which two hormones will help the woman produce and release mature eggs? Tick ( ) one box. Page 10

33 FSH and Luteinising Hormone (LH) FSH and oestrogen Luteinising Hormone (LH) and oestrogen (ii) Giving these hormones to the woman helps her to produce several mature eggs. Doctors collect the mature eggs from the woman in an operation. Describe how the mature eggs are used in IVF treatment so that the woman may become pregnant. (3) (iii) IVF clinics have been set a target to reduce multiple births. At least 76% of IVF treatments should result in single babies and a maximum of 24% of treatments should result in multiple births. Suggest one reason why the clinics have been set this target to reduce multiple births. Page 11

34 (c) Two clinics, R and S, used IVF treatment on women in Doctors at each clinic used the results of the treatments to predict the success rate of treatments in The table shows the information. Total number of IVF treatments in 2007 Number of IVF treatments resulting in pregnancy in 2007 Predicted percentage success rate in 2008 Clinic R Clinic S (i) Compare the success rates of the two clinics in (ii) The range of the predicted success rate in 2008 for clinic R is much smaller than the range of the predicted success rate for clinic S. Suggest why. (2) (Total 11 marks) Page 12

35 Q7.The diagram shows one type of anaerobic digester. The digester is used to produce biogas. (a) (i) What does anaerobic mean? (ii) The concentration of solids that are fed into this digester must be kept very low. Suggest one reason why. (iii) This digester is more expensive to run than some other simpler designs of biogas generator. Suggest one reason why. Page 13

36 (b) The graph shows how the composition of the biogas produced by the digester changed over the first 30 days after the digester was set up. Use information from the graph to answer the following questions. (i) Describe how the percentage of carbon dioxide changed over the 30 days. (3) (ii) On which day was the best quality biogas produced?... (c) Four days after the digester was first set up, the biogas contained a high percentage of carbon dioxide. Suggest an explanation for this. Page 14

37 (2) (Total 9 marks) Page 15

38 Q8.Most birds sit on their eggs to keep them warm until they hatch. Megapode birds: dig a large hole in sand fill the hole with dead plants lay their eggs on top of the dead plants cover the surface with a thick layer of sand. The image below shows a megapode bird s nest. (a) The dead plants in the nest decay. The decaying process helps to keep the eggs warm for many weeks. Suggest how (3) (b) (i) Megapode birds open and close the air vents of the nest at different times of Page 16

39 the day. Suggest reasons why it is necessary to open and close the air vents. (3) (ii) The sex of a megapode bird that hatches from an egg depends on the temperature at which the egg was kept. Use this information to suggest why it is important for megapode birds to control the temperature of their nests. (Total 7 marks) Page 17

40 Q9.In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. The human body is kept at a constant internal temperature of about 37 C. Body temperature is monitored and controlled by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain. Describe what happens in the body to keep the body temperature constant Extra space Page 18

41 (Total 6 marks) Page 19

42 Homeostasis Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Homeostasis Difficulty Level Gold Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 58 minutes Score: /58 Percentage: /100 Page 1

43 Q1.The pancreas and the liver are both involved in the control of the concentration of glucose in the blood. The liver has two veins: the hepatic portal vein taking blood from the small intestine to the liver the hepatic vein taking blood from the liver back towards the heart. Scientists measured the concentration of glucose in samples of blood taken from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein. The samples were taken 1 hour and 6 hours after a meal. Graph 1 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood vessels 1 hour after the meal. Graph 1 Blood vessel (a) The concentration of glucose in the blood of the two vessels is different. Explain why. (3) Page 2

44 (b) Graph 2 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood vessels 6 hours after the meal. Graph 2 Blood vessel (i) The concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal vein 1 hour after the meal is different from the concentration after 6 hours. Why? (ii) The person does not eat any more food during the next 6 hours after the meal. However, 6 hours after the meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic vein is higher than the concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal vein. Explain why.... Page 3

45 (3) (Total 7 marks) Page 4

46 Q2. One group of scientists is working in a hot desert and another group is working in a tropical rainforest. The table shows information about the scientists and the conditions in the desert and the rainforest. Information Hot desert Rainforest Mean core body temperature of scientists in C Air temperature in C Mean percentage concentration of moisture in the air Mean wind speed at ground level in metres per second (a) Both groups of scientists are doing similar jobs. The jobs cause the scientists to sweat a lot. Use information from the table to explain the difference in the mean core body temperature of the two groups of scientists (2) (b) Changes to blood vessels in the skin help to decrease body temperature. Explain how Page 5

47 (2) (Total 4 marks) Q3. Use your knowledge of how the kidney works to answer the following questions. (a) Blood plasma contains mineral ions, glucose, urea and proteins. Explain why urine contains mineral ions and urea, but no glucose or protein (4) (b) A man ate and drank the same amounts of the same substances and he did the same amount of exercise on two different days. On one of the two days the weather was hot and on the other day the weather was cold. The man s urine contained a higher concentration of mineral ions and urea on the hot day than on the cold day. Explain why (4) Page 6

48 (Total 8 marks Q4. The diagram shows the annual energy flow through 1 m 2 of a habitat. The unit, in each case, is kj per m 2 per year. (a) Calculate the percentage of the energy absorbed by the grass from sunlight that is transferred to the frog. Show clearly how you work out your answer Answer... % (2) (b) All of the energy the grass absorbs from the sun is eventually lost to the surroundings. In what form is this energy lost? Page 7

49 ... (c) Food chains are usually not more than five organisms long. Explain why. To gain full marks you must use data from the diagram (2) (d) In this habitat microorganisms help to recycle materials. Explain how (3) (Total 8 marks) Grass by By Catarina Carvalho from Lisboa, Portugal (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Grasshopper by I, Daniel Schwen [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Frog by Brian Gratwicke (Pickerel Frog) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Heron by Glen Fergus (Own work, Otago Peninsula, New Zealand) [CC-BY-SA-2.5], via Wikimedia Commons. Page 8

50 Q5.The graph shows the core body temperature and the skin surface temperature of a cyclist before, during and after a race. Start of race (a) (i) When the cyclist finished the race, his core body temperature started to decrease. How long did the race last? (ii) Describe and explain the different patterns shown in the core body temperature and skin surface temperature between and Page 9

51 (6) (iii) After 10.30, the core body temperature decreased. Explain how changes in the blood vessels supplying the skin caused the skin surface temperature to increase. (2) (b) During the race, the cyclist s blood glucose concentration began to decrease. Describe how the body responds when the blood glucose concentration begins to decrease Page 10

52 (3) (Total 12 marks) Page 11

53 Q6.Humans maintain an almost constant body temperature. (a) Describe the role of blood vessels in the control of body temperature (4) (b) An athlete can run a marathon in 2 hours 15 minutes on a dry day in outside temperatures up to 35 C. If the air is dry, his body will not overheat. In humid conditions the same athlete can run the marathon in the same time. However, in humid conditions, if the outside temperature goes over 18 C then his body will overheat. Suggest an explanation for the athlete overheating in humid conditions (3) (Total 7 marks) Page 12

54 Q7.(a) Which organ in the body monitors the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood?... (b) In a healthy person, insulin prevents high levels of glucose in the blood. To make insulin, cells in the pancreas need amino acids. Amino acids cannot be stored in the body. Describe, as fully as you can, what happens to amino acids that cannot be stored in the body (3) (Total 4 marks) Page 13

55 Q8.Urine consists of water, ions and other substances such as urea. Urine is formed in the kidney by filtering the blood. The diameter of the pores in the filter is about 6 nanometres. The table shows the diameters of the molecules of some of the substances in the blood. Substance Diameter of molecule in nanometres A 10 to 20 B 1 C 0.6 D 0.5 E 0.2 Use information from the table and your own knowledge to answer the questions. (a) (i) Which substance, A, B, C, D or E, is protein? (ii) Protein is not found in the urine of a healthy person. Explain why. (2) (b) Substance B is not found in the urine of a healthy person. Suggest an explanation for this. Page 14

56 (2) (c) Haemolytic anaemia is a disease in which some of the red blood cells burst open. Small amounts of haemoglobin may be found in the urine of a person suffering from haemolytic anaemia. The diameter of a haemoglobin molecule is 5.5 nanometres. Haemoglobin is not found in the urine of a healthy person, but haemoglobin can be found in the urine of a person with haemolytic anaemia. Explain why (3) (Total 8 marks) Page 15

57 Human nervous system Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Human nervous system Difficulty Level Bronze Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 55 minutes Score: /54 Percentage: /100 Page 1

58 Q1.Two students investigated reflex action times. This is the method used. 1. Student A sits with his elbow resting on the edge of a table. 2. Student B holds a ruler with the bottom of the ruler level with the thumb of Student A. 3. Student B drops the ruler. 4. Student A catches the ruler and records the distance. 5. Steps 1 to 4 are then repeated. The same method was also used with Student A dropping the ruler and Student B catching the ruler. (a) Give two variables the students controlled in their investigation (2) (b) Figure 1 shows one of the results for the Student A. Figure 1 Page 2

59 What is the reading shown in Figure 1?... Reading on ruler =... cm (c) Table 1 shows the students results. Table 1 Test number Distance ruler dropped in cm Student A Student B Page 3

60 Mean 7 X Circle the anomalous result in Table 1 for Student A. (d) What is the median result for Student B? Tick one box (e) Calculate the value of X in Table Mean distance ruler dropped =... cm (f) Figure 2 shows the scale used to convert distance of the ruler drop to reaction time. Figure 2 Page 4

61 Calculate how much faster the reaction time of Student A was compared to Student B. Use Figure 2 and Table Answer =... s (2) (g) What improvement could the students make to the method so the results are more valid? Tick one box. Use alternate hands when catching the ruler Carry out more repeats Page 5

62 Use a longer ruler for catching Use more than two students to collect results (h) Student A carried out a second investigation to see the effect of caffeine on the reflex action. Table 2 shows his results. Table 2 Test number Distance ruler dropped in cm Without caffeine With caffeine Mean 8 5 Give one conclusion about the effect of caffeine on reflex actions (Total 10 marks) Page 6

63 Q2.The diagram shows some of the stages in IVF (in vitro fertilisation). (a) Use words from the box to name structures A, B, C and D. egg embryo fertilised egg ovary sperm Structure A... Structure B... Structure C... Structure D... (4) (b) What do doctors do next with structure D? (2) (c) The table gives statistics for an IVF clinic. Age of women treated Page 7

64 Below 35 years years years years Number of women treated Number of women who produced one baby Number of women who produced twins Number of women who produced triplets (i) About what proportion of the treated women aged years produced one or more babies? Draw a ring around your answer. one quarter one third half (ii) This clinic does not give IVF treatment to women over 42 years of age. Use data from the table to explain why. (2) (iii) The committee which regulates IVF treatment now advises that only one embryo is used in each treatment. Suggest one reason for this. (Total 10 marks) Page 8

65 Q3.The body controls internal conditions. (a) Use words from the box to complete the sentences about water loss from the body. kidneys liver lungs skin (i) Water is lost in sweat via the... (ii) Water is lost in urine via the... (iii) Water is lost in the breath via the... (b) Students investigated body temperature in the class. The bar chart shows the results. Body temperature in C (i) One student used the bar chart to calculate the mean body temperature of the Page 9

66 class. The student calculated the mean body temperature as 37.0 C. How did the student use the bar chart to calculate the mean? (2) (ii) How many students had a body temperature higher than the mean of 37.0 C... (iii) Body temperature must be kept within a narrow range. Why? (Total 7 marks) Page 10

67 Q4.Human body temperature must be kept within narrow limits. The image shows a cyclist in a race. Ljupco/iStock/Thinkstock (a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. blood brain kidney sweat urine The cyclist s body temperature is monitored by a centre in the.... This centre is sensitive to the temperature of the cyclist s.... If the cyclist s body temperature increases, his body increases the production of.... (3) (b) (i) Cyclists drink sports drinks after a race. The table below shows the ratio of glucose to ions in three sports drinks, A, B and C. Sports drink A B C Ratio of glucose (g per dm3) to ions (mg per dm 3 ) 15:14 12:1 2:7 Page 11

68 The closer this ratio of glucose to ions is to 1:1 in a sports drink, the faster the body replaces water. Which sports drink, A, B or C, would replace water fastest in an athlete? (ii) Why should sports drinks contain ions? (iii) Why should a person with diabetes not drink too much sports drink? (Total 6 marks) Page 12

69 Q5.The diagram below shows the pathway for a simple reflex action. (a) What type of neurone is neurone X? Draw a ring around the correct answer. motor neurone relay neurone sensory neurone (b) There is a gap between neurone X and neurone Y. (i) What word is used to describe a gap between two neurones? Draw a ring around the correct answer. effector receptor synapse (ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. a chemical. Information passes across the gap as an electrical impulse. pressure. Page 13

70 (c) Describe what happens to the muscle when it receives an impulse from neurone Z. How does this reflex action help the body? What happens to the muscle How this helps the body (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 14

71 Q6.Humans use the nervous system to react to changes in the environment. (a) (i) Which word means a change in the environment? Draw a ring around the correct answer. neurone reflex stimulus (ii) Figure 1 shows a light receptor cell. Use the correct answer from the box to label part A on Figure 1. chloroplast cytoplasm vacuole (b) Figure 2 shows a boy riding a bicycle on a sunny day. Page 15

72 Stockbyte/Thinkstock (i) Receptors in the boy s body detect changes in the environment. Complete the table to show which organ of the body contains the receptors for each change in the environment. Change in the environment Organ that contains the receptors Sound of traffic from behind him Flashing blue lights of a police car Cooler air temperature in the shadows (3) (ii) The boy s response to danger is to pull on the bicycle brakes. Which type of effector causes this response? Tick ( ) one box. A gland A muscle Page 16

73 A synapse (Total 6 marks) Page 17

74 Q7.(a) Diagram 1 shows the neurones and parts of the body involved in a response to touching a hot object. Diagram 1 A neurone is a nerve cell. Neurones carry impulses around the body. (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. motor neurone. Neurone A is a relay neurone. sensory neurone. At point Y there is a tiny gap between two neurones called an effector. Page 18

75 a receptor. a synapse. (2) (ii) The hand touches a hot object. An impulse travels through the nervous system to the muscle (point X). The muscle moves the hand away from the hot object. What does the muscle do to move the hand away from the hot object? Tick ( ) one box. contract relax stretch (iii) The action described in part (a) (ii) is a reflex action. How can you tell that this action is not a conscious action? Use information from the diagram. (iv) Reflex actions like this are useful. Explain why. Page 19

76 (2) (b) Some students investigated the effect of caffeine on a person s reaction time. The students used the following steps. 1. One student held a ruler just above a second student s hand, as shown in Diagram 2. Diagram 2 2. The student let go of the ruler. The second student caught it as soon as possible, as shown in Diagram 3. Diagram 3 Page 20

77 3. The students repeated this experiment seven more times. 4. The student catching the ruler then drank a cup of strong coffee. Coffee contains caffeine. 5. Fifteen minutes after drinking the coffee the students repeated steps 1 to 3. Table 1 and Table 2 show the students results. Table 1 Table 2 Distance ruler fell before it was caught in cm Before drinking coffee Distance ruler fell before it was caught in cm After drinking coffee Page 21

78 Mean = 18.4 Mean = 12.4 (i) The students used the reading on the ruler as a measure of the reaction time. What do the results show about the effect of caffeine on reaction time? (ii) Look carefully at all the data in Table 1 and Table 2. Using the data in Table 1 and Table 2, give one reason why a scientist may not accept your conclusion in part (b) (i). (iii) How could the students improve their investigation? Suggest two ways (2) (Total 10 marks) Page 22

79 / Human nervous System Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Human nervous system Difficulty Level Silver Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 59 minutes Score: /59 Percentage: /100 Page 1

80 / Q1.A man hurt his head in an accident. Doctors found that he could not remember anything that had happened on the day of the accident. (a) (i) Name the part of the brain concerned with memory. (ii) Name one method the doctors could use to find out how much the brain was damaged. (b) The doctors were worried that the man might also have injured his spine. They touched different areas of his skin with a sharp point. They asked him to tell them each time if he could feel the sharp point. (i) Explain how the information about the sharp point touching the skin reaches the man s brain. Page 2

81 / (6) (ii) The doctors found that the man could feel the sharp point when the point touched his arms but not when the point touched his legs. Suggest what this information could tell the doctors about the damage to the man s spinal cord. Explain your answer. (2) (Total 10 marks) Page 3

82 / Q2. The diagram shows the structures involved in a reflex action. (a) On the diagram, name the structures labelled W, X and Y. (3) (b) The control of blood sugar level is an example of an action controlled by hormones. Give two ways in which a reflex action is different from an action controlled by hormones (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 4

83 / Q3.Penguins live mainly in the Antarctic. Penguins eat mainly fish. Photograph 1 shows a penguin swimming underwater. Photograph 1 raywoo/istock (a) Use information from Photograph 1 to suggest three ways the penguin is adapted for catching fish (3) (b) The Antarctic winter is very cold. In the winter some species of penguin huddle together as shown in Photograph 2. Page 5

84 / Photograph 2 Fuse Suggest how the behaviour shown in Photograph 2 helps the penguins to survive the Antarctic winter (3) (c) A student did an investigation to model the behaviour of the penguins shown in Photograph 2. The diagram shows the apparatus the student used. Page 6

85 / The student: held seven similar test tubes together with elastic bands as shown in the diagram stood a similar eighth tube in a test tube rack filled each of the eight tubes with hot water to the same level measured the temperature of the water in tubes A, B and C every 2 minutes for 20 minutes. The table shows the student s results. Time in Minutes Temperature in C Tube A Tube B Tube C (i) Give two variables that were controlled in the investigation. Page 7

86 / (2) (ii) Describe the patterns the data shows. (2) (iii) How far does the data from the model support the suggestion you made in part (b)? (2) (d) Describe how blood vessels help control human body temperature (4) Page 8

87 / (e) Penguins control their body temperature in similar ways to humans. Scientists investigated changes in body temperature of penguins when the penguins were diving to catch fish. (i) Graph 1 shows the relationship between the temperature of the muscles moving a penguin s wings and diving. The shaded areas show when the penguin was diving. Graph 1 Time Reprinted from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Volume 135, P.J. Ponganis,R.P. Van Dam,D.H. Levenson,T. Knower,K.V. Ponganis,G. Marshall, Regional heterothermy and conservation of core temperature in emperor penguins diving under sea ice, pp , copyright 2003, with permission from Elsevier Suggest an explanation for the changes in temperature inside the muscles moving the penguin s wings. Page 9

88 / (3) (ii) Graph 2 shows the relationship between the temperature inside a penguin s foot and diving. The shaded areas show when the penguin was diving. Graph 2 Time Reprinted from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Volume 135, P.J. Ponganis,R.P. Van Dam,D.H. Levenson,T. Knower,K.V. Ponganis,G. Marshall, Regional heterothermy and conservation of core temperature in emperor penguins diving under sea ice, pp , copyright 2003, with permission from Elsevier Suggest an explanation for the changes in temperature inside the penguin s foot as it dives. Page 10

89 / (3) (Total 22 marks) Q4.The human body is organised to carry out many different functions. (a) Use words from the box to complete Figure 1 by putting the parts of the body in order of size from smallest to largest. The smallest one has been done for you. (2) (b) The stomach is made of different types of tissue. Draw one line from each type of stomach tissue to the correct description. Page 11

90 / (3) (c) Animals can react to their surroundings because they have nervous systems. A student investigated the behaviour of small animals called woodlice. The student set up the investigation as shown in Figure 2. The student covered one half of a Petri dish with black paper to make that side of the Petri dish dark. The other side had no cover. The student put five woodlice into each side of the dish and then put the clear Petri dish lid back on the dish. Figure 2 After 30 minutes, all the woodlice had moved to the dark side of the Petri dish. Page 12

91 / (i) In this investigation, what is the stimulus that the woodlice responded to? (ii) In this investigation, what is the response that the woodlice made? (iii) The student concluded that woodlice prefer dark conditions. Give two ways in which the student could improve the investigation to be sure that his conclusion was correct (2) (Total 9 marks) Q5.This question is about the nervous system. (a) Describe the function of receptors in the skin (2) (b) A response is caused when information in the nervous system reaches an effector. (i) There are two different types of effector. Complete the table to show: the two different types of effector Page 13

92 / the response each type of effector makes. (4) (ii) Some effectors help to control body temperature. Give one reason why it is important to control body temperature. (Total 7 marks) Q6.In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. The human body is kept at a constant internal temperature of about 37 C. Body temperature is monitored and controlled by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain. Describe what happens in the body to keep the body temperature constant Page 14

93 / Extra space (Total 6 marks) Page 15

94 Human nervous system Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Homeostasis Difficulty Level Gold Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 55 minutes Score: /54 Percentage: /100 Page 1

95 Q1.Figure 1 shows a reflex in the iris of the human eye in response to changes in light levels. Figure Gandee Vasan/Stone/Getty Images (a) Describe the changes in the pupil and iris going from A to B in Figure 1. Explain how these changes occur. Refer to the changes in light level in your answer (4) (b) Some people wear glasses to improve their vision. Figure 2 shows light entering the eye in a person with blurred vision. Figure 3 shows how this condition is corrected with glasses. Figure 2 Figure 3 Page 2

96 Compare Figure 2 and Figure 3. Explain how the blurred vision is corrected (2) (Total 6 marks) Page 3

97 Q2.Humans maintain an almost constant body temperature. (a) Describe the role of blood vessels in the control of body temperature (4) (b) An athlete can run a marathon in 2 hours 15 minutes on a dry day in outside temperatures up to 35 C. If the air is dry, his body will not overheat. In humid conditions the same athlete can run the marathon in the same time. However, in humid conditions, if the outside temperature goes over 18 C then his body will overheat. Suggest an explanation for the athlete overheating in humid conditions (3) (Total 7 marks) Page 4

98 Q3.Diagram 1 shows cells from the light-sensitive layer in the eye. Diagram 1 (a) On Diagram 1, add labels to name part A and part B of the light-sensitive cell. (2) (b) There is a junction between the connecting neurone and the neurone carrying the impulse to the brain. (i) What name is given to the junction? (ii) In what form is information passed across the junction? (c) Diagram 2 shows a bee flying towards a man s eye. Page 5

99 In the blink reflex, light from the bee reaches the light-sensitive cell in the eye. The muscles in the eyelid shut the man s eye before the bee hits the eye. Describe the pathway taken by the nerve impulse in the blink reflex. (4) (Total 8 marks) Page 6

100 Q4.The diagram shows the structures involved in the knee-jerk reflex. When the person is hit at point P, the lower leg is suddenly raised. (a) Name the structures labelled A, B and C. A... B... C... (3) (b) How is information passed across a synapse? (c) What is the effector in this response?... (Total 5 marks) Page 7

101 Q5.The diagram below shows how a nerve impulse passing along a relay neurone causes an impulse to be sent along another type of neurone, neurone X. (a) What type of neurone is neurone X?... (b) Describe how information passes from the relay neurone to neurone X. Use the diagram to help you (3) Page 8

102 (c) Scientists investigated the effect of two toxins on the way in which information passes across synapses. The table below shows the results. Toxin Curare Strychnine Effect at the synapse Decreases the effect of the chemical on neurone X Increases the amount of the chemical made in the relay neurone Describe the effect of each of the toxins on the response by muscles. Curare Strychnine (2) (Total 6 marks) Page 9

103 Q6.The graph shows the core body temperature and the skin surface temperature of a cyclist before, during and after a race. Start of race (a) (i) When the cyclist finished the race, his core body temperature started to decrease. How long did the race last? (ii) Describe and explain the different patterns shown in the core body temperature and skin surface temperature between and Page 10

104 (6) (iii) After 10.30, the core body temperature decreased. Explain how changes in the blood vessels supplying the skin caused the skin surface temperature to increase. (2) (b) During the race, the cyclist s blood glucose concentration began to decrease. Describe how the body responds when the blood glucose concentration begins to decrease Page 11

105 (3) (Total 12 marks) Page 12

106 Q7.Two students investigated reflex action times. This is the method used. 1. Student A sits with her elbow resting on the edge of a table. 2. Student B holds a ruler with the bottom of the ruler level with the thumb of Student A. 3. Student B drops the ruler. 4. Student A catches the ruler and records the distance, as shown in the diagram below. 5. Steps 1 to 4 were then repeated. (a) Suggest two ways the students could improve the method to make sure the test would give valid results Page 13

107 ... (2) (b) The table below shows Student A s results. Test Number Distance ruler dropped in mm What is the median result? Tick one box (c) The mean distance the ruler was dropped is 116 mm. Calculate the mean reaction time. Use the equation: Page 14

108 reaction time in s = Give your answer to 3 significant figures Mean reaction time =... s (3) (d) The students then measured Student A s reaction time using a computer program. This is the method used. 1. The computer shows a red box at the start. 2. As soon as the box turns green the student has to press a key on the keyboard as fast as possible. 3. The test is repeated five times and a mean reaction time is displayed. Student A s mean reaction time was 110 ms. Using a computer program to measure reaction times is likely to be more valid than the method using a dropped ruler. Give two reasons why (2) (e) A woman has a head injury. Her symptoms include: finding it difficult to name familiar objects not being able to remember recent events. Page 15

109 Suggest which part of her brain has been damaged.... (f) A man has a head injury. He staggers and sways as he walks. Suggest which part of his brain has been damaged.... (Total 10 marks) Page 16

110 Hormonal Coordination in Humans Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Hormonal Coordination in Humans Difficulty Level Bronze Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 57 minutes Score: /57 Percentage: /100 Page 1

111 Q1.Humans control their internal environment in many ways. Look at the diagram below. (a) Name organ A.... (b) Organ A stores glucose. People with Type 1 diabetes cannot effectively control the levels of glucose in their blood. Name the hormone people with Type 1 diabetes have to inject to decrease their blood glucose level.... (c) Which organ produces urine? Tick one box. Brain Lungs Page 2

112 Kidney Thyroid (d) Marathon runners often drink sports drinks during a race. Explain why (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 3

113 Q2.The diagram shows some of the organs of the human body. (a) Which organ labelled on the diagram: (i) produces urine... (ii) stores urine... (iii) produces urea... (iv) gets rid of carbon dioxide... (v) helps to control body temperature?... Page 4

114 (b) Bar chart 1 shows the volume of water the human body gains each day. Bar chart 1 Source of water gained by body (i) Calculate the total volume of water the body gains each day. Total volume of water gained =... cm 3 (2) Bar chart 2 shows the volume of water lost each day by breathing out, in sweat and in faeces. Bar chart 2 Page 5

115 Water lost by body (ii) Calculate the total volume of water lost each day by breathing out, in sweat and in faeces. Volume =... cm 3 (iii) The volume of water the body loses must balance the volume of water the body gains. Use your answers to part (b)(i) and part (b)(ii) to calculate the volume of water lost in urine. Volume of water lost in urine =... cm 3 Page 6

116 (iv) Plot your answer to part (b)(iii) on Bar chart 2. (v) After taking some types of recreational drugs, the kidneys produce very little urine. What happens to the body cells if the kidneys produce very little urine? (Total 11 marks) Page 7

117 Q3.People with kidney disease may be treated by dialysis. The diagram shows a dialysis machine. (a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. A person loses mass during dialysis. One patient lost 2.2 kilograms during a dialysis session. salt (i) This person lost mass mainly because urea was removed from the blood. water (ii) This substance was able to pass through the partially permeable membranes large. because its molecules are round. small. Page 8

118 (iii) The concentration of sodium ions at X is 3.15 grams per dm 3. At the end of a dialysis session, the most likely concentration of sodium ions 0.00 at Y would be 3.15 grams per dm (b) The table shows the cost, in the UK, of treating one patient who has kidney disease. Treatment Cost per year in pounds Dialysis Kidney transplant: operation + first year s medical care medical care in each further year (i) During the first year, dialysis treatment is cheaper than a kidney transplant. How much cheaper is the dialysis treatment?... pounds (ii) After some time, the cost of treating a patient by a transplant operation would be cheaper than continual treatment by dialysis. How many years would it take? Draw a ring around one answer. 2 years 3 years 4 years Page 9

119 (iii) A transplant patient needs to take drugs for the rest of his life to suppress the immune system. Why is it necessary to suppress the immune system? (Total 6 marks) Page 10

120 Q4.Diabetes is a disease in which the concentration of glucose in a person s blood may rise to fatally high levels. Insulin controls the concentration of glucose in the blood. (a) Where is insulin produced? Draw a ring around one answer. gall bladder liver pancreas (b) People with diabetes may control their blood glucose by injecting insulin. (i) If insulin is taken by mouth, it is digested in the stomach. What type of substance is insulin? Draw a ring around one answer. carbohydrate fat protein (ii) Apart from using insulin, give one other way people with diabetes may reduce their blood glucose. (c) The bar chart shows the number of people with diabetes in different age groups in the UK. Page 11

121 Age in years (i) Describe how the number of males with diabetes changes between the ages of 0 44 years and 75 years and over. (3) (ii) Compare the number of males and females with diabetes: between the ages of 0 and 64 years over the age of 65 years. Page 12

122 (2) (Total 8 marks) Page 13

123 Q5.The body controls internal conditions. (a) Use words from the box to complete the sentences about water loss from the body. kidneys liver lungs skin (i) Water is lost in sweat via the... (ii) Water is lost in urine via the... (iii) Water is lost in the breath via the... (b) Students investigated body temperature in the class. The bar chart shows the results. Body temperature in C (i) One student used the bar chart to calculate the mean body temperature of the class. Page 14

124 The student calculated the mean body temperature as 37.0 C. How did the student use the bar chart to calculate the mean? (2) (ii) How many students had a body temperature higher than the mean of 37.0 C... (iii) Body temperature must be kept within a narrow range. Why? (Total 7 marks) Page 15

125 Q6.Human body temperature must be kept within narrow limits. The image shows a cyclist in a race. Ljupco/iStock/Thinkstock (a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. blood brain kidney sweat urine The cyclist s body temperature is monitored by a centre in the.... This centre is sensitive to the temperature of the cyclist s.... If the cyclist s body temperature increases, his body increases the production of.... (3) (b) (i) Cyclists drink sports drinks after a race. The table below shows the ratio of glucose to ions in three sports drinks, A, B and C. Sports drink A B C Ratio of glucose (g per dm3) to ions (mg per dm 3 ) 15:14 12:1 2:7 Page 16

126 The closer this ratio of glucose to ions is to 1:1 in a sports drink, the faster the body replaces water. Which sports drink, A, B or C, would replace water fastest in an athlete? (ii) Why should sports drinks contain ions? (iii) Why should a person with diabetes not drink too much sports drink? (Total 6 marks) Page 17

127 Q7.Blood glucose concentration in humans must be kept between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol per dm 3. Four students, A, B, C and D, tested their blood glucose concentration with glucose testing strips. The diagram shows the results of their tests and the key from the test strip bottle. (a) (i) Which student, A, B, C or D, has diabetes and has eaten a large piece of cake? (ii) Which student, A, B, C or D, is in most need of eating carbohydrates? (iii) Which student, A, B, C or D, has a healthy blood glucose concentration? (b) (i) Name the hormone that people with diabetes inject to prevent their blood glucose concentration from becoming too high. (ii) Blood glucose concentration is monitored in the body. Page 18

128 Which organ monitors blood glucose concentration? Draw a ring around the correct answer. brain liver pancreas (Total 5 marks) Page 19

129 Q8.Glands in the body produce hormones. (a) Use words from the box to label gland A and gland B on the diagram below. Adrenal Pancreas Pituitary Testis Thyroid (2) (b) Which gland produces oestrogen? Tick one box. Ovary Pancreas Testis Thyroid Page 20

130 (c) Table 1 shows some methods of contraception. Table 1 Type of contraception Percentage (%) of pregnancies prevented Oral pill >99 Implant 99 Condom 98 Diaphragm <96 Which method of contraception in Table 1 is least effective at preventing pregnancy?... (d) Which method of contraception in Table 1 will protect against sexually transmitted diseases like HIV?... (e) Another method of contraception is called the intrauterine device (IUD). There are two main types of IUD: copper plastic. Both types of IUD are more than 99% effective. Look at Table 2. Table 2 How the IUD works Copper IUD releases copper copper changes the fluids in the uterus to kill sperm Plastic IUD releases a hormone hormone thickens mucus from the cervix so the sperm have more difficulty swimming to the egg Page 21

131 Benefits Possible side effects prevents pregnancy for up to 10 years can be removed at any time can be used as emergency contraception very painful periods heavy periods or periods which last for a long time feeling sick, back pain prevents pregnancy for up to 5 years can be removed at any time painful periods light periods or no periods feeling sick, headaches, breast pain, acne hormones may affect mood ovarian cysts Evaluate the use of the plastic IUD as a contraceptive compared to the copper IUD. Use the information in Table (4) (Total 9 marks) Page 22

132 / Hormonal coordination in humans Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Sub-Topic Hormonal coordination in humans Difficulty Level Silver Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 57 minutes Score: /57 Percentage: /100 Page 1

133 / Q1. Diabetes is a disease in which a person s blood glucose concentration may rise. Doctors give people drugs to treat diabetes. The table shows some of the side effects on the body of four drugs, A, B, C and insulin, used to treat diabetes. Drug A B C Insulin Side effects on the body Weight loss Liver, kidney and heart damage Feeling of sickness Weight gain Damage to some cells in pancreas More water is kept in the body Weight gain Increased chance of bone breakage in women A little more water is kept in the body Weight gain Increased risk of lung damage (a) Which drug, A, B, C or insulin, is most likely to result in an increase in blood sugar concentration in some people? Explain your answer. Drug... Explanation (2) (b) (i) Drugs A, B and C can be taken as tablets. The chemicals in the tablets are absorbed into the blood from the digestive system. Insulin is a protein. Insulin cannot be taken as a tablet. Why? Page 2

134 / (ii) Other than using drugs, give two methods of treating diabetes (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 3

135 / Q2. Two people did the same amount of gentle exercise on an exercise cycle. One person had a muscle disease and the other had healthy muscles. The graph shows the effect of the exercise on the heart rates of these two people. (a) Describe three ways in which the results for the person with the muscle disease are different from the results for the healthy person. To gain full marks in this question you need to include data from the graph in your answer (3) (b) The blood transports glucose to the muscles at a faster rate during exercise than when a person is at rest. (i) Name one other substance that the blood transports to the muscles at a faster rate during exercise. Page 4

136 / (ii) People with the muscle disease are not able to store glycogen in their muscles. The results shown in the graph for the person with the muscle disease are different from the results for the healthy person. Suggest an explanation for the difference in the results. (3) (Total 7 marks) Page 5

137 / Q3.This question is about hormones. (a) (i) Hormones carry messages. What type of messenger is a hormone? Draw a ring around the correct answer. chemical electrical environmental (ii) Which part of the brain secretes hormones? Draw a ring around the correct answer. cerebellum medulla pituitary gland (b) Figure 1 shows the level of a pregnancy hormone over a 40-week pregnancy. This hormone can be detected in a pregnancy test. Figure 1 A woman takes a pregnancy test. In which week of pregnancy is the test most likely to give a positive result? Page 6

138 / Use information from Figure 1. Write the correct answer in the box. (c) Figure 2 shows the levels of three other hormones during pregnancy. The baby is usually born at about 40 weeks. Figure 2 Adaptation by kind permission of Biozone International (i) Describe the patterns in the levels of oestrogen and progesterone from 0 to 36 weeks. (4) (ii) Which hormone is likely to stimulate contractions of the uterus (womb) Page 7

139 / when the baby is born? Use information from Figure 2 to give a reason for your answer. (2) (Total 9 marks) Page 8

140 / Q4.One factor that may affect body mass is metabolic rate. (a) (i) What is meant by metabolic rate? (ii) Metabolic rate is affected by the amount of activity a person does. Give two other factors that may affect a person s metabolic rate (2) (b) Predicted early death is the number of years that a person will die before the mean age of death for the whole population. The predicted early death of a person is affected by their body mass. Scientists have calculated the effect of body mass on predicted early death. The graph shows the results of the scientists calculations. Page 9

141 / Ideal body mass The number of times above or below ideal body mass is given by the equation: In the UK the mean age of death for women is 82. A woman has a body mass of 70 kg. The woman s ideal body mass is 56 kg. (i) Use the information from the graph to predict the age of this woman when she dies. Age at death =... years (2) (ii) The woman could live longer by changing her lifestyle. Give two changes she should make. 1 2 (2) (Total 7 marks) Page 10

142 / Q5.The human body produces many hormones. (a) (i) What is a hormone? (ii) Name an organ that produces a hormone.... (iii) How are hormones transported to their target organs?... (b) Describe how the hormones FSH, oestrogen and LH are involved in the control of the menstrual cycle (3) (Total 6 marks) Page 11

143 / Q6.The diagram shows the position of two glands, A and B, in a woman. (a) (i) Name glands A and B. A... B... (2) (ii) Gland A produces the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). FSH controls changes in gland B. How does FSH move from gland A to gland B? (b) (i) A woman is not able to become pregnant. The woman does not produce mature eggs. The woman decides to have In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Which two hormones will help the woman produce and release mature eggs? Tick ( ) one box. FSH and Luteinising Hormone (LH) Page 12

144 / FSH and oestrogen Luteinising Hormone (LH) and oestrogen (ii) Giving these hormones to the woman helps her to produce several mature eggs. Doctors collect the mature eggs from the woman in an operation. Describe how the mature eggs are used in IVF treatment so that the woman may become pregnant. (3) (iii) IVF clinics have been set a target to reduce multiple births. At least 76% of IVF treatments should result in single babies and a maximum of 24% of treatments should result in multiple births. Suggest one reason why the clinics have been set this target to reduce multiple births. (c) Two clinics, R and S, used IVF treatment on women in Doctors at each clinic used the results of the treatments to predict the success rate of treatments in Page 13

145 / The table shows the information. Total number of IVF treatments in 2007 Number of IVF treatments resulting in pregnancy in 2007 Predicted percentage success rate in 2008 Clinic R Clinic S (i) Compare the success rates of the two clinics in (ii) The range of the predicted success rate in 2008 for clinic R is much smaller than the range of the predicted success rate for clinic S. Suggest why. (2) (Total 11 marks) Page 14

146 / Q7.(a) A student investigated the effect of a plant hormone on the growth of roots by plant cuttings. The student took six stem cuttings from the same plant. He put the cuttings in test tubes containing hormone solutions of different concentrations. The image below shows the six cuttings after 2 weeks. (i) What is the best concentration of hormone for encouraging root growth?... arbitrary units (ii) Give two functions of plant roots (2) (iii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. Page 15

147 / asexual reproduction. Taking cuttings to produce new plants is an example of genetic engineering. sexual reproduction. (b) Another student investigated the effect of light, shining from one side, on the growth of plant shoots. The diagram below shows how the student treated the shoots and the results she obtained after 12 hours. (i) What is the response to light shown by Seedling A called? Tick ( ) one box. cloning a reflex a tropism Page 16

148 / (ii) The student concluded that the shoot tip is sensitive to light. What evidence is there in the diagram above for this conclusion? (2) (c) The seedling produces a hormone which helps to control its response to light. (i) What is the name of the hormone? Tick ( ) one box. auxin glucagon glycerol (ii) How does the hormone control the response of Seedling A to light shining from one side? Page 17

149 / (4) (Total 12 marks) Page 18

150 Hormonal Coordination in Humans Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Biology Exam Board Topic Sub-Topic Difficulty Level Booklet AQA 4.5 Homeostasis and Response Hormonal Coordination in humans Gold Level Question Paper1 Time Allowed: 58 minutes Score: /57 Percentage: /100 Page 1

151 Q1.Homeostasis controls the internal conditions of the body. (a) Explain how blood glucose levels are controlled in the body of someone who does not have diabetes (4) (b) Compare how each type of diabetes is caused. Suggest how each type of diabetes can be treated (4) (c) Look at the table below. Population of UK in Number of people diagnosed with diabetes Page 2

152 Estimated number of people with undiagnosed diabetes Calculate the percentage (%) of the UK population estimated to have diabetes. You should include both diagnosed and undiagnosed people in your calculation. Give your answer to 2 significant figures Estimated percentage of population with diabetes =... % (3) (d) A urine test can be used to check for the presence of glucose in the urine. Diabetes can also be diagnosed with a blood test to measure the concentration of blood glucose. Suggest why a blood test is more reliable than a urine test (e) A blood test called the glucose tolerance test checks how well the body processes glucose. Concentrations of glucose in the blood are measured before and after drinking a glucose drink. Patients are not allowed to eat food for 8 hours before the glucose tolerance test. Suggest why patients are not allowed to eat for 8 hours before the test Page 3

153 (f) The diagram below shows the results of a glucose tolerance test for two patients, A and B. Which patient has diabetes? Justify your answer. Patient... Justification (2) Page 4