Part 1- Biology Paper 2 Homeostasis and Response Application Questions Triple Science

Transcription

1 Part 1- Biology Paper 2 Homeostasis and Response Application Questions Triple Science

2 AQA Biology (8461) from 2016 Topic B4.5 Homeostasis and response Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe what homeostasis is and why it is important stating specific examples from the human body Homeostasis Describe the common features of all control systems The human nervous system Hormonal coordination in humans State the function of the nervous system and name its important components Describe how information passes through the nervous system Describe what happens in a reflex action and why reflex actions are important Explain how features of the nervous system are adapted to their function, including a reflex arc (inc all types of neurone and the synapse) Required practical 7: plan and carry out an investigation into the effect of a factor on human reaction time Bio ONLY: State the function of the brain and how it is structured, including identifying he cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla on a diagram of the brain Bio ONLY: Describe the functions of different regions of the brain Bio & HT ONLY: Explain how neuroscientists have been able to map regions of the brain to particular functions Bio ONLY: State the function of the eye and how it is structured, including names of specific parts Bio ONLY: Describe the functions of different parts of the eye, including relating structure to function Bio ONLY: Describe what accommodation is, and how it is carried out Bio ONLY: Explain what myopia and hyperopia are and how they are treated, including interpreting ray diagrams Bio ONLY: Describe how body temperature is monitored and controlled Bio & HT ONLY: Explain how the body's responses act to raise or lower temperature in a given context Describe the endocrine system, including the location of the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland, ovary and testis and the role of hormones State that blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by the pancreas Describe the body's response when blood glucose concentration is too high Explain what type 1 and type 2 diabetes are and how they are treated HT ONLY: Describe the body's response when blood glucose concentration is too low HT ONLY: Explain how glucagon interacts with insulin to control blood glucose levels in the body Describe how water, ions and urea are lost from the body Describe the consequences of losing or gaining too much water for body cells HT ONLY: Recall that protein digestion leads to excess amino acids inside the body and describe what happens to these Describe how the kidneys produce urine HT ONLY: Describe the effect of ADH on the permeability of the kidney tubules and explain how the water level in the body is controlled by ADH Describe how kidney failure can be treated by organ transplant or dialysis and recall the basic principles of dialysis Describe what happens at puberty in males and females, inc knowledge of reproductive hormones Describe the roles of the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle (FSH, LH and oestrogen) HT ONLY: Explain how the different hormones interact to control the menstrual cycle and ovulation Describe how fertility can be controlled by hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception (giving specific examples from the spec) HT ONLY: Explain how hormones are used to treat infertility, inc the steps in IVF HT ONLY: Evaluate the risks and benefits of fertility treatments HT ONLY: Describe the functions of adrenaline and thyroxine in the body, and recall where they are produced HT ONLY: Explain the roles of thyroxine and adrenaline in the body as negative feedback systems Plant hormones Bio ONLY: Describe hormone-linked plant responses, to include phototropism and gravitropism and the role of auxin Bio & HT ONLY: Describe the functions of gibberellins and ethene in plants Required practical 8: investigate the effect of light or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedling HT ONLY: Explain the use of plant growth hormones are used in agriculture and horticulture (auxins, ethene and gibberellins)

3 A. Homeostasis 1. The body has two automatic control systems; these systems may involve nervous responses or chemical responses. Compare the structure and mode of action of the two control systems. (4) 2. Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action. Explain what this statement means. (4) B. The human nervous system: Part 1 1. Joanna eats a toxic waste sweet, she feels a tingling in her mouth and her salivary glands releases saliva. This is an example of a reflex action. Toxic waste sweets are covered in citric acid. a. Describe the pathway of the reflex action and explain why her body reacted that way. (4)

4 b. Explain why reflex actions do not involve the conscious part of the brain. (2) 2. Scientists investigated the effects of caffeine and alcohol on people s reaction times. Their results are shown in the graph. Use the data in the graph to compare the effect of the different drugs on reaction times. (4)

5 C. The human nervous system: Part 2 (biology only) 1. The diagram below shows the structure of the brain. (3) A. front back B. C. a. Name the structures A, B and C. b. Describe and explain the function of each of the structures in part a. (3)

6 2. Extended response question: Neuroscientists have been able to map the regions of the brain to particular functions by studying patients with brain damage. Describe and explain the methods they use to do this. (6)

7 3. Two common defects of the eyes are myopia (short sightedness) and hyperopia (long sightedness) in which rays of light do not focus on the retina. Explain why people cannot see clearly with each of these defects. You should use diagrams to explain each defect. (6) D. Hormonal coordination in humans: Part 1 1. Explain why your skin may go pink or red when you are hot. (4)

8 2. Michael is a pensioner; his heating was not working and his core body temperature was only 34 o C. He was suffering from hypothermia. His granddaughter called an ambulance. She had given him hot water bottles for his hands and feet. When the paramedics got to Michael s house, they explained to his granddaughter why this was not a good idea and that warming his hand and feet would reduce his core temperature. a. What is the optimum core body temperature? (1) b. Explain why warming Michael s hands and feet caused his core temperature to fall. (3)

9 3. Two university students were studying the effects of drinking glucose solution on their blood glucose levels. The graph shows their results. a. i. One of the students had Type 1 diabetes. Which student was this? (1) ii. Explain your answer (2) b. Describe what Type 1 diabetes is and how is it normally treated. (3) c. Explain how the blood glucose levels are controlled in a person without diabetes after they have a high glucose drink. (4)

10 E. Hormonal coordination in humans: Part 2 (biology only) 1. Extended response question: Explain the effect on red blood cells as blood glucose level rise above and below normal levels. (6) 2. Many people who are interested in increasing their muscle size take protein supplements. These are often in the form of shakes that are taken in addition to a normal diet. If a person does not exercise enough when taking these, then excess amino acids are formed.

11 a. Explain how excess amino acids are excreted safely from the body. (4) b. Describe how the kidneys produce urine. (3) 3. HT: Describe how the blood is controlled by ADH. (5)

12 F. Hormonal coordination in humans: Part 3 1. An egg is released on day 14 1.LH 2. FSH 3. Oestrogen 4. Progesterone Menstruation Lining of the uterus builds up Lining of the uterus is maintained Lining breaks down a. Describe the role of each of the hormones in the menstrual cycle. (4) b. How do changes in the uterine lining adapt it for a fertilised egg. (2)

13 2. Evaluate the condom and the contraceptive implant as methods of contraception. (5)

14 G. Plant hormones (biology only) 1. Extended response question: Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth. Describe and explain how auxin has made the plant grow towards the light. (6)

15 2. A team of scientists studied the effect of two weedkillers. Weedgone contained a plant growth hormone, Weedaway did not. They tested the two weedkillers on potato crops and measured how many kilograms of potatoes were produced. a. Name one control variable and describe how they should keep it constant (2) b. Here are the results of their investigation: Year Kg of potatoes from field treated with Weedgone (plant hormone) Kg of potatoes from field treated with Weedaway i. Calculate the mean for Weedgone. (2) ii. Use the data to describe the effect of the plant hormone on the mass of potatoes produced. (2)