* * A3027. A4623 e A3507 A3507 A3507
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1 a c L A327 d e A37 A37 A37 Supplementary Figure 1. Clinical manifestations of individuals with mutations. (a) Renal ultrasound of right kidney in A327 reveals small renal cysts, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, and increased echogenicity, rendering the renal pattern righter than the liver s (L). () Cranial MRI of depicts pachygyria with few road coarse gyri (asterisks) and dilated Virchow-Roin spaces (arrowheads). (c) Renal histology of A37 shows diffuse mesangial sclerosis (H&E stain). Scale ar, 1 mm. (d) Renal histology of A37 shows tuular cysts, interstitial firosis and infiltrations. Scale ar, 1 mm. (e) Brain MRI of A37 after VA shunt implantation in the right ventricle shows dilation of the lateral ventricles (asterisks) and an area of hemorrhage (arrowhead).
2 Cell Index amled amled sirna#2 Undifferentiated Differentiated a c Podocyte ACTIN Podocyte (differentiated) ACTIN Podocyte Migration Assay (undifferentiated) amled (+ Serum) amled (No Serum) (+ Serum) sirna#2 (+ Serum) Time (hr) Supplementary Figure 2. knockdown in cultured human podocytes and in renal epithelial cells. (a) Undifferentiated cultured human podocytes do not express endogenously, whereas differentiated cultured podocytes express. () sirnas did not have any effect on migration in undifferentiated podocytes ecause undifferentiated podocytes do not express. Error ars are shown in one direction only for clarity and indicate SDs for e indipendent expreiments. (c) knockdown y sirnas ( and sirna#2) in differentiated podocytes significantly reduced protein.
3 a CDC42 PD 2 RHOA PD Relative intensity (a.u.) Relative intensity (a.u.) Relative intensity (a.u.) 2 RAC1 2 RHOA 2 CDC42 5% input 26 5% input 2 26 RAC1 4 Actin 4 Actin c d e 1 CDC42 RAC1 1 RHOA Supplementary Figure 3. Effects of knockdown on RHO GTPases activity in differentiated cultured human podocytes. (a) Active GTP-ound RAC1 and CDC42 precipitated from differentiated podocytes transfected with scramled or sirna using a GST-PAK1 (CRIB) pulldown assays. Compared to control podocytes, podocytes transfected with sirna exhiited a significant decrease in relative RAC1 and CDC42 46% and 28%, respectively). The efficiency of knockdown y sirna was confirmed y immunolotting with an anti- antiody (second to lowest panel). a and represent 3 experiments each. () Active GTP-ound RHOA precipitated from differentiated podocytes transfected with scramled () or sirna using a GST-rhotekin (RBD) pulldown assay. Cells transfected with scramled control sirna versus FAT sirna exhiited no significant difference in relative RHOA activity. (c-e) Quantification of CDC42 (c), RAC1 (d), and RHOA (e) in -depleted cells compared to control cells. Error ars indicate the standard deviaion for three independent experments. <.5, t-test. GTPound GTPound GTPound
4 a Cell Index Podocyte Migration Assay (Differentiated) Time (hr) amled (+ Serum) amled (No serum) amled + CDC42-T17N (+ Serum) (+ Serum) sirna+ CDC42-T17N (+ Serum) Area under curve amled amled + CDC42-T17N + CDC42-T17N n.s. c FLAG-CDC42-T17N CDC42 (FLAG) ACTIN Supplementary Figure 4. Effects of dominant negative CDC42 and knockdown on podocyte migration. (a) To overexpress of CDC42-T17N in differentiated podocytes, plenti-cmv-blast-cdc42- T17N and lentiviral packaging vectors were used. Overexpression of CDC42-T17N resulted in decreased migration in differentiated podocytes (lue). However, overexpression of CDC42-T17N failed to further decrease migration in podocytes with knockdown (red vs. green). Each cell index value corresponds to the average of more than triplicates and standard deviation is in only one direction for clarity. () Bar graphs represent the area under curved of (a), and data represent the mean + stand deviation of three independent experiments. n.s., not significant, t-test. (c) Western lot to examine efficiency of knockdown and CDC42-T17N overexpression in differentiated cultured human podocytes. c represent 3 experiments.
5 a c d e f g h i j k Supplementary Figure 5. Podocyte-specific deletion disrupts podocyte differentiation in developing mice. (a) Conditional targeting strategy for the mouse locus. Asterisks indicate the locations of 5' and 3' external proes used for Southern analysis to confirm targeting. Neo selection cassette was removed y flippase-mediated recomination. () Breeding pod-cre and f/f mice results in podocyte specific deletion. (c-e) PAS stains show normal nephron and glomerular development, and no significant difference in nephrogenic zone etween wild type and mutants. (f-h) Transmission electron micrograph of renal glomeruli from wild type and mutant mice. (i-k) Inset of panels f-h. (f, i) Wild type glomeruli show normal ultrastructure including split immature GBM (arrow). (j) +/- glomeruli show foot process effancement (red arrow), tight junctions (yellow arrows) and some slit diaphragms (lue arrows). (k) -/- glomeruli show complete foot process effancement (red arrows), normal endothelium and GBM. Scale ars = 1 mm (d-e) and 2 mm (g-i). Pod, podocyte; cap, capillary.
6 a Ac-a-TUBULIN CEP164 c Control d Control e % of ciliated cells n.s. Control Supplementary Figure 6. A truncating mutation in does not cause defects in cilia. (a,) Firolasts from control and affected individuals were grown on coverslips, serum starved for 48 hr, then fixed and processed for immunofluorescence with antiodies against acetylated-a-tuulin and CEP164 antiodies to stain ciliary axoneme and centrosome, respectively. There was no defect in ciliation. Scale ar: 1 mm. (c,d) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of firolasts from healthy control and who carries a homozygous c.393_396del:p.p132cfs11 mutation in. Firolasts were serum-starved for 48 hours efore proceeding for TEM. Note that the cilium in firolasts does not have any appreciale structural defect. Scale ar:.5 mm. (e) The aility of cells to form cilia, in cells with a unique rod like acetylated-a-tuulin staining was quantified from images. Graphs show the mean + standard deviation of three independent experiments, in which at least 6 cells were counted. n.s., not significant, t-test.
7 Relative intensity (a.u.) amled shrna #1 shrna #2 shrna #3 shrna #4 Relative intensity (a.u.) a 1 RHOA ACTIN c 1 1 CDC GTPound GTPound d Relative intensity (a.u.) 1 1 RAC1 GTPound Supplementary Figure 7. Effects of knockdown on RHO GTPase activity in cells. (a) Stale knockdown of in using lentivirus-mediated shrnas demonstrates efficient knockdown y all four shrnas. (-c) Quantification of RHOA (), CDC42 (c), and RAC1 (d) in -depleted cells compared to control cells. Error ars indicate the standard deviaion for three independent experments for RHOA and four independent experiment for CDC42 and RAC1. <.5, t-test.
8 Undifferentiated Differentiated amled amled sirna#2 Firolasts Cont Serum starvation Firolasts Cont Serum starvation Ponceau S staining : RHOA Ponceau S staining : CDC42 : RAC1 Podocyte Podocyte (differentiated) Supplementary Figure 8a. Full scans of Western lot data corresponding to Fig 2a, 4e, 4f, Supplementary Fig. 2a and 2c..
9 amled shrna #1 shrna #2 shrna #3 shrna #4 amled shrna #1 shrna #2 shrna #3 shrna #4 Ponceau S staining : RAC1 : CDC FLAG-CDC42-T17N Ponceau S staining : RHOA FLAG-CDC42-T17N FLAG-CDC42-T17N : CDC42(FLAG) Supplementary Figure 8. Full scans of Western lot data corresponding to Supplementary Fig. 3a, 3, 4c and 7a.
10
11 Supplementary Tale 2. Oligonucleotide sequences used in this study Target sequences of sirnas # sirna GGAAGGAATTGGAATCGTT sirna#2 CAAGATGGGTGTTTACATT sirna TCACATGATTGGAGTAATA sirna CAAGGAAGCTCGTTCACAA Target sequences of shrnas GCCGAGGGAATAGGTATTATT shrna #2 CCACCCAATTACTCAGTGAAA shrna #3 GCCACGTCATTCGCTATGTTA shrna #4 CGCCACGATTACTCTCAATAA #For, a pool of the listed four sirnas was transfected into cultured podocytes, whereas for sirna#2, a single sirna was transfected.
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