Biology B1b Topic 3: Electrical and Chemical Signals Topic 4: Use, Misuse and Abuse Foundation and Higher Tiers

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1 Surname Initial(s) Signature Paper Reference(s) 5006 Edexcel GSE Science iology 1b Topic 3: Electrical and hemical Signals Topic 4: Use, Misuse and buse Foundation and Higher Tiers Thursday 9 November 2006 Morning Time: 20 minutes Materials required for examination Multiple hoice nswer Sheet H pencil, eraser and calculator Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to andidates Use an H pencil. o not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Foundation tier candidates: answer questions Higher tier candidates: answer questions ll candidates are to answer questions efore the test begins: heck that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details. How to answer the test: For each question, choose the right answer,,, or and mark it in H pencil on the answer sheet. For example, the answer would be marked as shown. Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer. o any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish. You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room. Printer s Log. No. N29034 W850/R1535/ /5/5/ *N29034* Turn over This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy Edexcel Limited.

2 Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation-tier candidates only. Higher-tier candidates start at question 17. Reaction time Elisha investigated reaction times of four athletes at the start of a 100 m race. The race was started with a starting pistol. 1. The best piece of equipment to use when measuring reaction times at the start of the 100 m race would be a thermometer stop watch tape measure measuring cylinder 2. The sound of the starting pistol at the start of the race is detected by the ears eyes skin brain 3. For a reaction to happen a message must be sent around the body very quickly. This message is sent by electrical impulses hormones red blood cells muscle cells 4. The reaction times of four athletes are shown in the graph. reaction time in s Which athlete had the fastest reaction time? N

3 Falling over Peter fell over and hurt his knee while running in his race on sports day. His knee started to bleed. 5. The main function of blood is to sense changes in the body provide energy for the body transport molecules around the body carry electrical impulses around the body 6. Which part of the blood helps to heal cuts in the skin and form scabs? red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma Use the following information to answer questions 7 and The picture shows a sample of Peter s blood. liquid X cell Y Liquid X is water plasma hormone platelets 8. The main function of cell Y is to carry carbon dioxide glucose oxygen insulin N Turn over

4 White blood cells Peter gets an infection in his knee. The number of white blood cells in his body increases. 9. This increase in white blood cells is because they destroy antigens antibodies receptors pathogens 10. Which row of the table describes what white blood cells can do to bacteria? ingest (engulf) digest (destroy) yes yes yes no no yes no no 11. The drawing shows a blood sample from a person with an infection. The number of white blood cells in the sample is none four twenty twenty four 12. Some sedative drugs reduce the number of white blood cells in the body. This is a good reason to avoid barbiturates tobacco caffeine paracetamol N

5 Tears Tears protect the eyes from infections caused by microorganisms. 13. The substance in tears that kills microorganisms is water lysozyme antigens antibodies 14. The substance in tears kills microorganisms by digestion inflammation ingestion infection Use the following information to answer questions 15 and 16. The diagram shows the apparatus used to find out the effect of tears on bacteria. Tears were put into a well in the middle of nutrient agar containing bacteria. fter 24 hours a clear zone appeared around the well as shown. Petri dish nutrient agar containing bacteria well containing tears clear zone 15. In which part of the apparatus have the bacteria been killed? the whole Petri dish the well containing tears the clear zone none of these 16. In the control for this experiment the well would contain tears water nutrient agar bacteria N Turn over

6 Higher-tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40. Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation-tier and Higher-tier. ryan has diabetes. Treating diabetes 17. He must inject himself with insulin every day to raise glucose levels lower glucose levels increase the number of white blood cells decrease the number of white blood cells 18. The insulin that ryan injects is made using genetically modified bacteria. Which are needed to produce insulin in this way? enzymes plasmids white blood cells yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes no 19. Which statement is not true about the production of insulin using genetically modified bacteria? There are few side effects Human N is used to produce the insulin large quantity of insulin is produced Mammals are harmed in the production 20. In the past, insulin was obtained from pigs. It is better to use insulin from genetically modified bacteria rather than insulin from pigs. This is because genetically modified insulin may be rejected will cure the diabetes has fewer side effects is made using pig N N

7 Solvent abuse Solvent abuse involves breathing in fumes from certain chemicals. People who inhale solvents put their health at risk. 21. Several organs are affected when solvents are inhaled. Which organ is first affected? brain heart liver lung 22. One reason why health is put at risk is because solvents act in a similar way to alcohol. lcohol and solvents are both depressants. Which row of the table correctly shows the effect of solvents? damage to lungs reaction time no decreases no increases yes decreases yes increases N Turn over

8 23. sample of patients were asked at what age they first inhaled solvents. The graph shows the results of the survey. number of patients age in years The data in the graph suggests that most patients first tried inhaling solvents between the ages of 9 to to to to The list shows ways to recognise someone who might be a solvent abuser. 1 chemical smell on the breath 2 slurred speech 3 dizziness 4 paint on the fingers 5 sores around the mouth Which of the ways listed would not involve the nervous system of the solvent abuser? 1, 2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 3, 4 and 5 4, 5 and 1 TOTL FOR FOUNTION-TIER PPER: 24 MRKS Foundation-tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24. N

9 Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher-tier candidates only. Foundation-tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40. Paracetamol 25. Paracetamol tablets have a similar effect on the body as opiates solvents sedatives barbiturates 26. It is dangerous to take an overdose of paracetamol because it causes liver damage headaches viral infections diabetes 27. In ritain, in 1998, a decision was made to limit the amount of paracetamol that people could buy from chemists and supermarkets. Up to 16 g (32 tablets) could be purchased from chemists and 8 g (16 tablets) from supermarkets. The graph shows changes in the sales of three different tablets from 1998 to annual sales (in millions of tablets) Paracetamol spirin Ibuprofen year The effect of the decision was to reduce sales of paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen paracetamol and ibuprofen paracetamol and aspirin paracetamol only N Turn over

10 28. It was hoped that the decision to limit the amount of paracetamol that people could buy would reduce the number of overdose cases the severity of an overdose profit from drug sales addiction The World Health Organisation and tuberculosis Tom read that the World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that between the years 2000 and 2020, there will be an increase in the number of people newly-infected with tuberculosis (T). Of the predicted 1000 million people infected with T, 200 million people will show symptoms and 35 million people will die. 29. Tom correctly calculated that the percentage of newly-infected people who will die from the disease will be 3.5% 17.5% 20% 35% 30. Tom found out about the type of organism that causes T and how it is spread. Which row of the table is correct? organism that causes T how the disease is spread virus touch virus air bacteria touch bacteria air 31. Tom found out that some people become immune to T as they produce antibiotics antibodies antigens antitoxins 32. Tom found out that there are many reasons why T is an increasing problem. Which reason is not correct? Global air travel has helped to spread the disease People have changed their diet There has been an emergence of drug-resistant T Fewer people are vaccinated N

11 The human brain Susan Greenfield is a scientist who specializes in the brain and how it functions. Much work has been done by scientists such as Susan Greenfield on voluntary and reflex actions. 33. Which of the following is not an example of a reflex action? the size of the iris changing in response to light intensity moving your hand away from a very hot object changing the shape of the retina in response to light ducking when an object flies close to your head 34. The diagram shows a reflex arc. Which label on the diagram is pointing to a motor neurone? 35. reflex action is a response that can stop damage to parts of the body. Which pathway shows how a reflex action happens? receptor motor relay sensory effector receptor motor sensory relay effector receptor sensory relay motor effector receptor sensory motor relay effector 36. Susan Greenfield s work includes research into disorders of the brain. Which of the following is not a disorder of the brain? grand mal epilepsy Parkinson s disease stroke nephritis N Turn over

12 Sex hormones 37. Female hormones vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The diagram shows changes in female hormones and the development of a follicle during the menstrual cycle. level of hormone ovarian follicle key oestrogen progesterone day From the graph, what is the effect of high levels of oestrogen? fertilisation ovulation menstruation implantation 38. What might be a reason for progesterone levels remaining high after day 21? to maintain the lining of the uterus for implantation to break down the lining of the uterus for implantation to increase ovulation in the ovaries to allow menstruation to occur 39. In some women the hormones do not work effectively. The only way in which they can become pregnant is to have IVF treatment. IVF treatment always involves fertilisation outside the body never causes multiple births never uses sperm does not use FSH N

13 40. The statements are about IVF treatment. 1 IVF treatment can produce many embryos. 2 IVF treatment can help women over 40 years old to have children. Which of the statements have ethical implications? 1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither TOTL FOR HIGHER-TIER PPER: 24 MRKS EN N

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