Interactive Technology Applications for Sports Nutrition Research. Chih-Yin Tai, Ed.D Laura Carson, BS Paul Falcone, MS

Transcription

1 Interactive Technology Applications for Sports Nutrition Research Chih-Yin Tai, Ed.D Laura Carson, BS Paul Falcone, MS

2 What is Interactive Technology? Technology that improves the engagement, training, or testing of athletes Exergaming: promote exercise for health Training: improve specific skills for athletes Testing: measure specific skills for research

3 Exergaming Cardio with video game attached Video bicycle Exercise Gaming systems

4 Video Bicycle

5 Video Bicycle

6 Exercise Gaming Systems EyeToy Kinect Wii DDR Xavix Trazer

7 Sony EyeToy

8 Sony EyeToy

9 Microsoft Kinect

10 Microsoft Kinect

11 Nintendo Wii

12 Nintendo Wii

13 Dance Dance Revolution (DDR)

14 Dance Dance Revolution (DDR)

15 Xavix

16 Xavix

17 Trazer

18 Trazer

19 Training SmartSpeed Sportwall Makoto II 3-Kick

20 SmartSpeed

21 SmartSpeed

22 Sportwall

23 Sportwall

24 Makoto II

25 3-Kick

26 3-Kick

27 Testing Sportwall Makoto II 3-Kick Cognitive Function Test Battery

28 Cognitive Function Test Battery Stroop test Emotional cognition

29 Stroop Test

30 ApplicationsExergaming

31 Overview Exergaming in -youth -school -gyms Training -Athletes -Sports

32 Facts Obesity: (2013) 31.8% of children and adolescents ages 2-19 are considered overweight or obese. Video games are played by 99% of boys and 94% of girls yr old (Lenhart, 2008) Exergaming = the new innovative tool

33 Goals of Exergaming -MAKE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MORE ENJOYABLE -help sedentary youth become more active -Increase heart rate -Increase energy expenditure -Improve general coordination skills

34 Exergaming at the Gym Gaming consoles (bikes, rowing machines) Increase adherence (Rhodes 2009) -may suggest: increase motivation :competition

35 Goals of Exergaming -make physical activity more enjoyable -HELP SEDENTARY YOUTH BECOME MORE ACTIVE -Increase heart rate -Increase energy expenditure

36 Exergaming and Adolescents DDR and Wii Tennis: increase higher Energy expenditure in overweight children than normal children (Unnithan 2006) Average absolute VO2: Overweight higher vs normal (OW: /257.1 vs / ml/min ) Met ACSM cardiorespiratory fitness guidelines

37 Exergaming in Schools Becoming part of Physical Education classes STUDY: Higher Physical Activity w/ DDR and 3-kick than PE class (Shayne 2012) Can improve: Opportunity to engage in PA (OPA) Student s physical health Social activity

38 Goals of Exergaming -make physical activity more enjoyable -help sedentary youth become more active -INCREASE HEART RATE -Increase energy expenditure

39 Is quality of exercise achievable? Wii boxing results: mean HR was 77.5% of max = moderate to vigorous aerobic response ACSM guidelines (Bosch) ACSM: Moderate (64-76% HRmax) Vigorous (77-93% HRmax) Fig 1: Mean heart rate response of all participants (expressed as HRmax) to a single Nintendo Wii Boxing Session. All values expressed as mean (SD.)

40 Goals of Exergaming -make physical activity more enjoyable -help sedentary youth become more active -increase heart rate -INCREASE ENERGY EXPENDITURE

41 Is quality of exercise achievable? All games reached ACSM Recommendations for daily PA: HR (81-86% max HR) and Energy Expenditure (Siegel 2009) Variable Bike Game Mean ± SD Boxing Game Mean ± SD 3-Kick Game Mean ± SD F Exercise Time (min) 9.18 ± ± ± * Average HR (beats min 1) ± ± ± VO2 (ml kg 1mi n 1) ± ± ± 4.79** 4.23* Average Energy Expenditure (kcal min 1) 8.10 ± ± ± Total kcal during 30 min ± ± ± TABLE 1: Results of one-way ANOVA between average heart rate, VO2, energy expenditure, and three interactive games.

42 ApplicationsTraining

43 Interactive Technology Training More than making physical activity enjoyable and sedentary youth active Interactive sport technology to customize certain programs for specific sports or types of athletes Develop specific set of skills

44 MAKOTO VIDEO

45 MAKOTO How it can be used for Training: Agility and Choice Reaction time: Random, visual, auditory movements Improve speed and efficacy: First-Step Speed Basketball: ex. Passing Bball between two towers Military: ex. Crawling through swamps, being very alert

46 MAKOTO Cognitive Uses Physical Therapy for Brain trauma Secrete Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor: improved neuron growth and repair Help treat autism and learning disabilitiesmemory and motor skills

47 3-Kick EX. Reaction time MMA athletes: kicking and punching SPORTWALL EX. Accuracy and power Soccer: kick a ball

48 ApplicationsTesting

49 Testing - Overview Cognitive Function Nutrition applications Sports applications Reaction Time Acute Chronic Fatigue Comparative Exercise study Hydration/Recovery study Sport-specific Testing

50 Cognitive Function Nutrition DHA improved memory and RT of memory via computerized cognitive test battery (Stonehouse et al., 2013) Contextual recognition memory performance was significantly improved following multivitamin supplementation (p < 0.05). Performance on other cognitive tasks did not change (Harris et al., 2012)

51 Cognitive Function Sports Concussions ImPACT: commonly used computerized test for concussions Shown to be reliable compared to other neurocognitive tests (Register-Mihalik et al., 2012)

52 Cognitive Function Sports Concussions Makoto could be adjunct to provide additional reaction time and gross motor testing 3-Kick similarly could allow MMA athletes to test reaction time and gross motor function in sport-specific way, since they are at high risk

53 Reaction Time ACUTE Improved reaction time via Makoto 2-minute test after consuming multi-ingredient caffeine beverage (Hoffman et al., 2009)

54 Hoffman et al. (2009) Figure 3 a: Reaction time: Average number of hits. * = Significant difference (p < 0.05) between the supplement and placebo. b: Reaction time: Average percentage of successful hits from total possible targets. * = Significant difference (p < 0.05) between the supplement and placebo. Data are reported mean ± SD.

55 Hoffman et al. (2009) Figure 3 a: Reaction time: Average number of hits. * = Significant difference (p < 0.05) between the supplement and placebo. b: Reaction time: Average percentage of successful hits from total possible targets. * = Significant difference (p < 0.05) between the supplement and placebo. Data are reported mean ± SD.

56 Reaction Time ACUTE Improved reaction time via Makoto 2-min. test after consuming multi-ingredient caffeine beverage (Hoffman et al., 2009) Improved reaction time via Makoto single-step audio and multidirectional 15s and 30s after consuming multi-ingredient caffeine beverage (Spradley et al., 2012)

57 Spradley et al. (2012)

58

59 Reaction Time CHRONIC No difference in reaction time with one month of supplementation with multi-ingredient caffeine beverage (Tai et al., 2012)

60 Fatigue Comparative Exercise study (data not published) Compared 4 exercises (2 cardio, resistance, resistance + cardio) Used Makoto and 3-Kick as warm-up + cool down to measure fatigue 30 second protocols using one, two and three tower each 30 second familiarization

61 Fatigue Insensitivity to fatigue, possibly due to design Familiarization should be longer Bout length longer initiate fatigue within bout 2 minutes Using legs only more tiring

62 Fatigue 20LA2 VO2 VCO2 Warm Up Exercise Cool Down

63 Fatigue 20LA2 HR R Warm Up Exercise Cool Down

64 Fatigue 15MR1 VO2 VCO2 Warm Up Exercise Cool Down

65 Fatigue 15MR1 HR R Warm Up Exercise Cool Down

66 Fatigue Metabolic data show that the Makoto and the 3-Kick provide high-intensity exercise Should test fatigue if designed properly Further evidence that MKO + 3K effectively increase heart rate and calorie burn

67 Fatigue Present study hydration/recovery study Use Makoto to determine recovery status Subjects will be dehydrated and then rehydated with recovery drinks at 150% volume lost Outcomes will include exercise performance measurements and fatigue/recovery via Makoto

68 Sport-specific Testing Nutrition Sportwall for ball accuracy/velocity Testing athletes using nutritional intervention + sportspecific activity Ex. Soccer players given 1 month diet and ball passing accuracy is tested

69 Sport-specific Testing Training Sportwall (Example: soccer) Do my practice drills improve shooting accuracy/power? Passing accuracy? Smartspeed Develop combinations of skills to test BASKETBALL: One cut then jump height FUNCTIONAL (police) stand from sitting, choice reaction run 15 feet, jump through a window, then punch force

70 SmartSpeed

71 Sport-specific Testing Training Sportwall (Example: soccer) Do my practice drills improve shooting accuracy/power? Passing accuracy? Smartspeed Develop combinations of skills to test BASKETBALL: One cut then jump height FUNCTIONAL (police) stand from sitting, choice reaction run 15 feet, jump through a window, then punch force

72 References 1. Shayne R., Fogel V, Miltenberger R., Koehler S. The Effects of Exergaming on Physical Activity in a third grade physical education class Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2012, 45, Siegel S., Haddock B., Dubois A., Wilkin L., Active Video/Arcade Games (Exergaming) and Energy Expenditure in College Students International Journal of Exercise Science. 2009; 2(3): Bosch P., Poloni J., Thornton A., Lynskey J., The Heart Rate Response to Nintendo Wii Boxing in Young Adults. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 2012, 23(2): Staiano A., Calvert S. Exergames for Physical Education Courses: Physical, Social, and Cognitive Benefits Child Development Perspective 2011; 5(2): Lenhart, A. Teens, video games, and civics Washington DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project Unnithan VB., Houser W., Fernhall B. Evaluation of the energy cost of playing a dance simulation video game in overweight and nonoverweight children and adolescents. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006; 27: Stonehouse W, Conlon CA, Podd J, Hill SR, Minihane AM, Haskell C, Kennedy D. DHA supplementation improved both memory and reaction time in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr May;97(5): Harris E, Macpherson H, Vitetta L, Kirk J, Sali A, Pipingas A. Effects of a multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition and blood biomarkers in older men: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol Jul;27(4): Register-Mihalik JK, Kontos DL, Guskiewicz KM, Mihalik JP, Conder R, Shields EW. Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries. J Athl Train. 2012;47(3): Hoffman JR, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Hoffman MW, Tranchina CP, Faigenbaum AD. Examination of a pre-exercise, high energy supplement on exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr Jan 6;6: Spradley BD, Crowley KR, Tai CY, Kendall KL, Fukuda DH, Esposito EN, Moon SE, Moon JR. Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutr Metab (Lond) Mar 30;9: Tai CY, Spradley BD, Crowley KR, Kendall KL, Fukuda DH, Purdy G, Magner A, Esposito EN, and Moon JR. Chronic supplementation of a pre-workout supplement increases ventilatory threshold and improves lower body muscular strength and endurance. NSCA Conference Rhodes R., Warburton D., Bredin S. Predicting the effect of interactive video bikes on exercise adherence: An efficacy trial Psychology, Health and Medicine 2009, 14:6,

73 Questions?