Characteristics and Functions of the Muscular System

Transcription

1 Characteristics and Functions of the Muscular System Anatomy and Physiology Mrs. Christy Cook, R.T. (R)

2 Bell Work Day 1 What body systems have we discussed already relate to the muscular system? How? Write the new standard in your notes (14). 2

3 Standards 14) Classify the three categories of muscle fibers, differentiating between cells and tissue. Draw evidence from informational texts to explain the locations, behavioral properties, and functional roles unique to each category. Draw on knowledge of biological processes, such as the body s conversion of ATP into energy, to illustrate phenomena such as muscle fatigue. 3

4 Objectives Describe the characteristics and functions of muscle tissue by creating a crossword puzzle. Illustrate the phenomena of muscle fatigue and explain the use of ATP through a lab activity. 4

5 Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 5

6 Characteristics of Muscles (1) Contractibility The ability to shorten and reduce the distance between the parts Example: flexing a muscle 6

7 Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 7

8 Characteristics of Muscles (2) Excitability Ability to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals. 8

9 Characteristics of Muscles (3) Extensibility- -The ability to be stretched -The ability to lengthen (stretch) and increase the distance between two parts 9

10 Characteristics of Muscles (4) Elasticity the ability of an object to resume its normal original shape after being stretched the ability to return to original length when relaxing 10

11 Characteristics of Muscles The human body has 656 muscles 327 antagonistic pairs. Prime mover- produces movement in a single direction Antagonist- produces movement in the opposite direction. What two muscles are NOT paired, but essentially function separate and alone? 11

12 Characteristics of Muscles 12

13 Muscle Tone Muscles always in a state of partial contraction. Muscles should always be slightly contracted and ready to pull. Achieve muscle tone through proper nutrition and regular exercise. The suffix trophy means growth, development, or nourishment. What does atrophy mean? Hypertrophy? disorders of the muscular system 13

14 Muscle Tone Case study: John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1 smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. What has happened? What might be the cause? 14

15 Muscle Tone Exercise & Training Improve coordination Improve cardiac/respiratory system Elimination/reduction of excess fat Improve joint movement Promote gut health Exercising for prolong periods without adequate rest would cause a buildup of lactic acid disorders of the muscular system 15

16 Think.Pair.Share. Research the following: Lactic acid Oxygen debt Glucose Which organ changes the lactic acid to glucose? 16

17 Muscle Fatigue Occurs following a period of sustained activity Fatigue means extreme tiredness, lack of energy Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle Temporary burning Let s try some cherry-pickers!! 17

18 Functions of the Muscular System 1. Movement 2. Form and shape (posture) 3. Heat (temperature) 18

19 1. Movement: Skeletal Muscle These are actually attached to BONE. Multinucleated cell bundles or fibers. Contract quickly, fatigue easily, cannot contract long. Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. Are these muscles voluntary or involuntary? 19

20 Movement: Smooth Muscle Digestive System; Uterus; and Blood Vessels Smooth (visceral/organ) muscles help push food along the length of the digestive system. Acts slowly, contracts for a long time, doesn t tire easy. What is that movement called? 20

21 Movement: Cardiac Muscle Circulatory System Heartbeat Cardiac muscle found only in the heart. Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Cells are fused together. When one contracts, all contract. Is this voluntary or involuntary? 21

22 Comparison of muscle types. 22

23 2. Posture How does the muscular system affect posture? What are causes for slouching? 23

24 Form and Shape Did you know that nearly HALF of our body weight comes from muscle tissue. Just because one person is bigger or taller than another, does that mean he/she is stronger than the other? How do I know? 24

25 Posture, Form, Shape Is it common for patients in long-term care or bed-ridden individuals to lose a lot of weight? Is it common for these people to become fully contracted and lose flexibility? How important is it for these people to have physical therapy or range of motion (ROM) exercises on a regular basis? 25

26 3. Body Heat A cold environment forces the body to work harder to maintain its temperature. Whenever temperatures drop below normal and wind speed increases, heat can leave your body more rapidly. 26

27 Body Heat Exercise Your body heats up when you exercise, and it will show on your skin. Your skin feels hotter to the touch and may look flushed, and you sweat. Although those things let you know how much heat your body is giving off, they are actually the ways that the body cools itself. What body system relates to this function? 27

28 Activity with a partner! Turn to page 134 in your small A&P books. Complete the Muscle Fatigue lab activity. Make sure to record your answers as instructed. Once you are done, research and write a one paragraph summary of the function of ATP in the muscular system. 28

29 Individual Activity Create a crossword puzzle using the descriptions of the following terminology: Movement Posture Temperature Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Muscle fatigue Atrophy Contractibility Extensibility Muscle tone Hypertrophy Excitability Elasticity 29

30 Bell Work Day 2: Muscle Math!!! Round answers to nearest whole number. 1. What percentage of muscle weight would you have if 60 pounds out of 140 pounds is muscle weight? 2. If you know out of 140 lbs., 60 lbs. is muscle weight, what is the muscle weight of a 200 lb. male? 3. What would the muscle weight be on an 80 lb. female? 4. If muscle weight is 90 lbs., how much does the person weigh? 5. If muscle weight is 45 lbs., how much does the person weigh? 30

31 Standards 14) Classify the three categories of muscle fibers, differentiating between cells and tissue. Draw evidence from informational texts to explain the locations, behavioral properties, and functional roles unique to each category. Draw on knowledge of biological processes, such as the body s conversion of ATP into energy, to illustrate phenomena such as muscle fatigue. 31

32 Objectives Explore various diseases and disorders associated with the muscular system s failure to develop or function properly. 32

33 Myopathy Myo- -pathy What does myopathy mean? 33

34 Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, and depression. In general, treatments for fibromyalgia include both medication and self-care. The emphasis is on minimizing symptoms and improving general health. No one treatment works for all symptoms. Most common in women 34

35 Hernia Occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle. Common sites for hernias 35

36 Some causes of hernias Constipation Pregnancy 36

37 Incarcerated hernia (strangulated) If you aren't able to push the hernia in, the loop of intestine can be trapped (incarcerated) in the abdominal wall. An incarcerated hernia can lead to a strangulated hernia, which cuts off the blood supply to your intestine. Surgery is needed to repair the hernia and restore blood supply to the bowel. A strangulated hernia can be lifethreatening if it isn't treated. Signs and symptoms of strangulated hernia include: Nausea, vomiting or both Fever Rapid heart rate Sudden pain that quickly intensifies A hernia bulge that turns red, purple or dark 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 37

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39 Muscle Spasms or Cramps (Involuntary hypertonicity) Sustained contraction of the muscle. Long periods of exercise or physical labor, particularly in hot weather, may lead to muscle cramps (overuse). Can be caused by dehydration or poor circulation. Some medications and certain medical conditions also may cause muscle cramps. 39

40 Muscular Dystrophy The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement. Muscle cells deteriorate. 40

41 Muscular Dystrophy There is NO cure. Only the symptoms are treated. Lifespan is shortened. 41

42 Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune disorder) Myasthenia gravis (my-us-thee-nee-uh GRAY-vis) is characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles under your voluntary control. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles. There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatment can help relieve signs and symptoms. 42

43 Occurs more often in women than in men 43

44 Strain Muscle strain or muscle pull or even a muscle tear implies damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons. Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Antiinflammatory medicines also help reduce pain and swelling. As the pain decreases, you can use heat on the muscle. Stretching and light exercises to bring blood to the injured area can also be useful. In general, stretching and warm compresses are helpful before exercises. Cooling down and icing the area after exercise can help. Think T for tear 44

45 Tetanus (lockjaw) Serious bacterial disease that affects your nervous system, leading to painful muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your ability to breathe and, ultimately, threaten your life. 45

46 Tetanus Enters the body through a puncture wound Thanks to the tetanus vaccine, cases of tetanus are rare in the United States The disease can be prevented by receiving a vaccine called tetanus antitoxoid. There is NO CURE! 46

47 Group Activity Work with a partner to answer the questions on your worksheet concerning Muscular Dystrophy. You will have to research on the website: Make sure to answer all the questions, including the case study questions. 47

48 Individual Activity Continue working on your Crossword Puzzle from yesterday! 48