Topics Review Questions. 1) It is a process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us.

Transcription

1 Topics Review Questions Scientific Method Notes & Lab: 1) It is a process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us. scientific method 2) It is an educated guess based on observations and your knowledge of the topic. hypothesis 3) It is information gathered during an experiment. data 4) Quantitative data is what you observe. Circle one: True or False? 5) Qualitative data is what you measure. Circle one: True or False?

2 6) Is there only one scientific method? Circle one: Yes or No? There are several versions of the scientific method. Some versions have more steps, while others may have only a few. However, they all begin with the identification of a problem or a question to be answered based on observations of the world around us and provide an organized method for conducting and analyzing an experiment. Nervous System Notes: 7) What keeps all your bodies systems connected and working together? the nervous system 8) What are the two parts of the nervous system? the central and peripheral 9) Which part of the nervous system contains your brain and spinal cord? Circle one: the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system?

3 10) Which part of the nervous system contains the nerves that collect information from your body and send it to your brain, and carries messages from the brain to the rest of the body? Circle one:the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system? 11) What sends messages from the brain to the other parts of the body and from those parts back to the brain? spinal cord 12) What is the main organ in the nervous system? The brain Fill in the blank: 13) Parietal Lobe: Concerned with perception of stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain. 14) Frontal Lobe: Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement, emotions, and problem-solving. 15) Occipital Lobe: Concerned with many aspects of vision. 16) Temporal Lobe: Concerned with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory.

4 17) The Somatic Nervous System: consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to voluntary skeletal muscles and sense organs. Voluntary skeletal muscles are muscles that help us to move around. 18) The Autonomic Nervous System: consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the heart, blood vessels, glands, and smooth muscles. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that help organs such as the stomach and bladder carry out their functions. The autonomic nervous system controls all the automatic functions in the body, including breathing, digestion, sweating, and heartbeat 19) What are the two systems in the peripheral nervous system? the somatic nervous system & the autonomic nervous system. 20) Your peripheral and central nervous system both play a role in helping you catch the ruler,what are the 8 parts of the body that work together to achieve this? (hint: diagram) eyes, optic nerve, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, spinal cord, arm, muscles, fingers Review: The eye 1) The whole eyeball is about the size of what? a ping-pong ball 2) List what works to protect the eye (4 things) and explain how they works. eye socket/orbit eyelids eyelashes tears 3) Does the eye's lens transmits light patterns upside down or right side up? 4) What does the pupil do? The pupil contracts and expands depending on the amount of light, and can physically block the amount of light entering the eye in bright situations. 5) What type of cells can perceive colour in bright light? Cone 6) What type of cells perceive black and white images and work best in low light? Rods 7) What is the key to night vision? (the chemical that the rods use to absorb photons and perceive light)? Rhodopsin

5 8) Explain why it takes time for your eyes to adjust to the dark after being in the sunlight. Use the words Rhodopsin, molecules, rods and cones. Rhodopsin is the key to night vision -- it is the chemical that the rods use to absorb photons and perceive light. When a molecule of rhodopsin absorbs a photon, it splits into two different molecules. These molecules will recombine naturally back into rhodopsin but this recombination is fairly slow. So, when you expose your eyes to bright light, all of the rhodopsin breaks down into two different molecules. If you then turn out the lights and try to see in the dark, you can't. The cones need a lot of light, so they are useless, and there is no rhodopsin now so the rods are useless, too. Over the course of several minutes, however, the split molecules recombine back into rhodopsin, and you can see again. 9) What happens if a person does not get enough Vitamin A? no night vision 1)Muscles work by and expanding and contracting 2)Explain how biceps and triceps move our arms. When the biceps contract the triceps will relax, this allows our arm to bend. When we want to straighten our arm back out, the biceps will relax and the triceps contract 3)What are the muscles we use to move around. They cover our skeleton and move our bones. Skeletal muscles 4) are special muscles that don't connect to bones, but control organs within our body. These muscles work without us having to think about them. smooth muscles 5)This is a special muscle that pumps our heart and blood through our body. Cardiac muscle 6)What connects muscles to bones? Tendons 7)When we practice an action over and over again, we get what is called muscle memory 8)What is it called when you don t use your muscles when they can shrink or become weak?atrophy 9)What occurs when the muscle experiences a reduction in its ability to produce force and accomplish the desired movement? muscle fatigue

6 10)What is an example of short term fatigue? 11)What is an example of long term fatigue? 12)The blood flow to the muscle can be reduced because of what two things? 1) muscles intensely contracting can reduce blood flow and thus oxygen availability, or 2) the muscle is simply working so intensely that there literally is not enough oxygen to meet demand (a sprint at top speed). 13) is caused by hundreds of muscles expanding and contracting to produce heat and make us warmer. shivering 1)What is Bacteria? Single celled organisms 2)What are the three shapes of Bacteria? Rod, round, spiral 3)Some exist as single cells, others together cluster 4)What two things do Bacteria do that mean they are ALIVE? They reproduce They need to eat 5)How do bacteria reproduce? Grow in number not in size Make copies of themselves by dividing in half 6)How do bacteria eat? Some make their own food from sunlight, Some are scavengers (Share the environment around them), are warriors (pathogens) (They attack other living things) 7)What is a pathogen? Bacteria that make you sick 8)Where do you get a pathogen? from people who are sick or contaminated food, water 9) In terms of be exposed to pathogens what is an example of direct contact? indirect contact?

7 10) Filling the balloon with air is creating what type of energy? When the balloon is let go and moving around the room what type of energy is it changed to? potential, kinetic 11)What is an example of helpful bacteria? What does it do? 12)How can you avoid pathogens? wash hands, cook food properly, store food properly 13) the opposition to an object s motion through the air. air resistance 14) The more an object has, the more air resistance it will encounter. Surface area 15) If something is falling and the force of gravity is equal to the force of air resistance what is that called? and what is the value of acceleration? terminal velocity and acceleration is 0 16) If you add mass to a paper helicopter with paper clips why does it hit the ground faster than without? the force of gravity is stronger than air resistance. 17) What is Newton s first law of motion and an example? Newton s First Law of Motion says that an object will keep moving or stay still until an outside force pushes or pulls on it. You ve probably experienced Newton s First Law while riding in a car. 18) What is Newton s second law of motion? Newton s Second Law of Motion states, The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration. 19) What is Newton s third law of motion and an example? that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. the kick 20) Solve for velocity using the formula v=d/t. The balloon travels down a 12 meter string in 4 seconds.