Ewell Castle School Physical Education. AS Scheme of Work - AQA (Nelson Thorne)

Transcription

1 Ewell Castle School Physical Education AS Scheme of Work - AQA (Nelson Thorne) Unit 1, Section 1: Applied exercise physiology - introduction Topic Learning Objectives Print Resources (Subheadings) Page Number Electronic Resources Improving fitness and health explain the different concepts of health and fitness explain how the health and fitness of an individual are related explain why it is difficult to separate concepts of health and fitness in theory and in practice break down health-related and skill-related fitness into individual components analyse the effect of an individual s choice of lifestyle on their health and fitness. Concepts of fitness and health - Health - Fitness - How health and fitness are related The different components of fitness - Components of health-related fitness - Components of skill-related fitness How lifestyle choices can affect health and fitness - Diet - Exercise - Alcohol - Smoking - Lifestyle choices, fitness and health 2-14 Concept Presentation - The impact of aerobic capacity on heart disease Case Study - The lifestyle choices of George Best: football icon Interactive activity Components of health- and skill-related fitness Interactive activity Identification of fitness components through analysis of a hockey game situation Interactive activity Analysis of data on obesity in men and women Nutrition understand percentage body fat/body composition and Body Mass Index (BMI) as ways of measuring whether a person s diet is nutritionally suitable for them understand definitions of obesity and the limitations in trying to define it understand the seven classes of food and how they are used during exercise understand the need for a balanced diet and the idea of the energy balance of food understand the different types of diet required by endurance athletes and power athletes. Energy - Basal metabolic rate - Percentage body fat - Obesity The seven classes of food - Carbohydrates - Fat - Protein - Fibre - Minerals - Vitamins - Folic acid - Water Balanced diet - Different diets for different athletes Concept Presentation - Understanding the definitions of obesity and the limitations in trying to define it. Case Study - Comparison of different diets in sport Are you the right weight for your height? Interactive activity The seven classes of food Simulation - Nutritional Content of foods Lung function understand the vital part that the lungs and associated processes of respiration play in enabling us to stay alive and to engage in physical activity understand the mechanics of breathing how our lungs are able to take air in and out during rest and exercise describe the different lung volumes and their capacities interpret spirometer readings, in the form of graphs, of lung volumes at rest and during exercise understand the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange that takes place in the lung alveoli and in the muscles understand the process of diffusion of oxygen and that The mechanics of breathing - Lungs Lung volumes and capacities Gas exchange - Diffusion in the lungs - The control of breathing and the role of carbon dioxide Concept Presentation - Diffusion of gases in the body Case Study The lung capacity of elite rowers Inspiration and Expiration The control of breathing

2 2 carbon dioxide occurs within the lungs and at the muscle site understand what is meant by the concept of partial pressure and how it relates to differences of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the alveolar air and pulmonary blood. Blood transport system understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transport understand the venous return mechanism understand the a-vo2 difference. Introduction Circulation - Arteries and veins Redistribution of blood during exercise Blood pressure and velocity Venous return Transport of respiratory gases - Oxygen transport - Carbon dioxide transport Gaseous exchange at tissues Concept Presentation - Redistribution of blood during exercise Case Study Transport of blood gases Venous return Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body Heart function understand the structure of the heart and the cardiac cycle understand the terms cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate and the relationship between them understand the role of blood carbon dioxide in changing heart rate, heart rate range in response to exercise and the hormonal and nervous effects on heart rate understand the effect of exercise (Starling s law of the heart and cardiovascular drift) and training on the heart (cardiac hypertrophy leading to bradycardia/athlete s heart). How the heart contracts An analogy for understanding the regulation of heart rate Regulation of heart rate Effects of training Concept Presentation - Conduction system of the heart Case Study - Effects of training on heart rate and function Interactive activity Internal structure of the heart Interactive activity Different heart functions in the regulation of heart rate

3 3 Analysis of movements understand the names of articulating bones, joint types, joint actions, planes and axes, main agonists and antagonists describe types of muscle contraction of the shoulder and elbow involved in pressups, over arm throwing and forehand racket strokes understand the names of articulating bones, joint types, joint actions, planes and axes, main agonists and antagonists, and types of muscle contraction of the hip, knee and ankle involved in running, kicking, jumping and squats understand the three classes of levers and provide examples from sporting actions understand the relationship of levers to effective performance and the range and speed of movement understand the concepts of mechanical advantage and disadvantage. How we move - Planes of motion Analysis of specific movements - Running - Jumping - Kicking - Over-arm throwing - Racket strokes - Squats - Press-ups - Levers Case Study Analysis of the movements of a tennis player Identification of bones Identification of muscles Understanding the three classes of levers in the body Unit 1 Section 1 Electronic Resource: On Your Marks

4 Unit 1, Section 2: Skill acquisition - introduction Topic Learning Objectives Print Resources (Subheadings) 4 Page Number Electronic Resources Skills recognise a skill by its characteristics, define it and be able to tell the difference between skill and ability know the difference between motor and perceptual skill and how they underpin all skills recognise different types of skill cognitive, perceptual and psychomotor and how these are also underpinned by motor and perceptual abilities classify by using a range of continua (open-closed, discrete-serial-continuous, gross-fine, self paced - externally paced). Characteristics of skill how do you recognise it? Difference between skill and ability - Types of abilities perceptual and motor - Type of skill - Classifying skills Concept Presentation - Skills Case Study - The relationship between skills and abilities in basketball Characteristics of Skill: Difference between skill and ability Types of skill Classification of skills Information processing understand the process of the input of information through the senses and the process of selective attention understand the role and characteristics of memory understand the need for quick decision making in sport understand how performer may use response time anticipation, Hick s Law and the psychological refractory period understand the concept of motor programmes and subroutines understand the factors that affect the efficiency of information processing systems. Input - Perception Memory - Short-term sensory stores - Short-term memory - Long-term memory Strategies to improve memory - How to make mental rehearsal effective - Uses of mental rehearsal Decision making - Spatial and temporal anticipation Psychological refractory period Motor programmes Factors affecting the efficiency of the components of the information processing system and strategies for improvement - Improving selective attention - Improving retention in memory - Improving reaction time - Why skills break down Concept Presentation The basic three-stage model Case Study - A comparison of information processing in beginner and elite performers Investigation into Simple and Choice Reaction Time Psychological refractory period

5 5 Learning and performance describe how motivation helps us to acquire and develop psycho-motor skills understand the three main theories of learning conditioning, cognitive and observational that are used to explain the ways in which we acquire psycho-motor skills describe the different stages of learning that we go through, including learning plateaux, that occur as psycho-motor skills are acquired and refined describe how learning can be transferred from one situation to another understand how we can help ourselves learn and develop skills more effectively through the use of practice understand the rate at which we learn skills and how this can be graphically represented and modelled. What drives us to acquire psycho-motor skills? Theories of how we learn - Conditioning theories - Operant conditioning Cognitive theories of learning - Adams closed loop theory - Schmidt s schema theory - Insight learning Social learning theories - Observational learning From beginner to expert the stages of learning - Cognitive stage - Associative stage - Autonomous stage - Stages of learning and types of feedback - Forms of feedback Skill development and performance curves Learning plateau - Overcoming a learning plateau The transfer of learning - Positive transfer - Negative transfer - Zero transfer - Bilateral transfer - Proactive transfer - Retroactive transfer The effect of practice on learning - Skill learning and teacher guidance Concept Presentation - Theories of how we learn Case Study - Understanding the three stages of learning through an analysis of breakdance Understanding motivation in sport Learning plateaus Transfer of Learning Unit 1 Section 2 Electronic Resource: On Your Marks

6 Unit 1, Section 3: Opportunities for participation Topic Learning Objectives Print Resources (Subheadings) 6 Page Number Electronic Resources Concepts and definitions understand the characteristics and objectives of play, physical education, leisure and recreation, active leisure, outdoor and adventurous activities and sport recognise when individuals are engaged in these activities understand that these concepts are inter-related compare and contrast the different forms of physical activity understand the benefits these activities bring to individuals and to wider society. The characteristics and objectives of physical activities - Play - Leisure and recreation - Active leisure - Outdoor and adventurous activity - Sport - Physical education Recognise when individuals are engaged in these activities Are these activities interrelated? The physical activity continuum Understand the benefits of participating in physical activity - Benefits to individuals - Benefits to wider society Concept Presentation Understanding the Characteristics of leisure and recreation Case Study - Urban adventure The objectives of play Characteristics of Physical Education Leisure provision describe the characteristics and goals of the public, private and voluntary sectors in terms of making provision for sport and active leisure/physical recreation analyse the advantages and disadvantages of public, private and voluntary sector provision in terms of providing equality of opportunity for different groups within the community discuss how the concept of Best Value has impacted upon the quality and range of public sector provision for sport and active leisure describe how government policy is implemented by Sport England and its impact upon the public sector. Characteristics and goals of each of the sectors - Public sector - Private sector - Voluntary sector Equality of opportunity the advantages and disadvantages of each of the sectors - Private sector - Voluntary sector - Public sector Best value improving the public sector The role of National Government Concept Presentation The provision of leisure Case Study - Characteristics of the Public and Private sector of leisure provision Equality of opportunity- the advantages and disadvantages of each of the leisure providers Interactive activity Who manages recreation in the UK? The role of the National Government

7 7 National Curriculum Physical Education and school sport understand the historical, social and cultural factors contributing towards the development of the current provision of Physical Education understand the development of physical activities within state elementary schools from the early twentieth century emphasis on drill through physical training to post WWII emphasis on movement understand the characteristics of each of the Key Stages of the National Curriculum for Physical Education and the relevance of each in relation to increasing opportunity for participation understand the role of national governing bodies, Sport England and Youth Sports Trust in increasing participation. Public school sports ( ) - Rational recreation ( ) - Social changes leading to rationalisation of sport State school education ( ) National Curriculum Physical Education Developing school club links Sports colleges - School Sports Co-ordinator (SSCo) The Physical Education and School Sport Club Links (PESSCL) strategy - School Sport Partnerships Active sports Sports leaders UK TOP programme National Governing Bodies and Whole Sport Plans Sport England Youth Sports Trust Concept Presentation - National Curriculum Physical Educational and School Sport Case Study - A history of sport at Eton (public school) The development of Physical Education between National Curriculum Physical Education (NCPE) Interactive activity Policies and strategies for improving school sport and PE Equal opportunities understand and accurately identify examples of discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice in sport understand what is meant by inclusiveness and equal opportunity identify the specific barriers to participation that occur as a result of gender discrimination; discrimination towards those from different socio-economic classes, ethnic groups or towards those who have a disability understand the current policies and strategies designed to overcome discrimination and raise the participation levels of those who suffer from discrimination in sport and physical recreation. Participation a level playing field? - Participation by age group What is meant by inclusiveness and equal opportunity? What are the barriers to participation? - Lack of opportunity - Personal resources - Discrimination in sport - Fear of discrimination - Stereotypical views the push factor - The status of sport Who suffers from the barriers to participation? - Women - Ethnic groups - Sport, physical recreation and those with a disability - Social class issues What is being done to overcome the barriers to participation? - Which groups are involved in providing equality of opportunity? How effectively are we overcoming the barriers and achieving equality of opportunity in sport? Concept Presentation Equal opportunities Case Study Racism in football Interactive activity Barriers to participation in sport Which groups are involved in providing equality of opportunity? Unit 1 Section 3 Electronic Resource: On Your Marks

8 Unit 2, Section 1: Practical aspects of physical education Topic Learning Objectives Print Resources (Subheadings) 8 Page Number Electronic Resources Practical coursework describe the accepted/correct skill model demonstrate the required personal skills and techniques, on your own and under practice or modified/ controlled competitive situations observe, analyse and evaluate your own and others performance interpret, analyse and process information related to performance in physical activity test and compare your performance against the correct skill models and the performance of others apply the knowledge gained in Unit 1 in order to improve your performance or the performance of others. How the marks in Unit 2 (Practical Coursework)are awarded - How the performance marks are allocated - How the marks for acting as a coach or leader are awarded - How the marks for acting as an official are awarded Practical coursework preparing for assessment - Improving yourself as a performer - Improving yourself as a coach - Improving yourself as an official Practical assessment being the best you can be - As a performer - As a coach - As an official - It is worth it!

9 9 Practical exercise physiology understand the principles of training specificity, progression, overtraining, overload, reversibility, tedium and the FITT principles of intensity understand how to calculate optimal workload intensities understand the reasons for fitness testing and the principles of maximal and sub-maximal tests understand the physiological and psychological value of a warm-up and a cool-down understand the different types of stretching exercises - active and passive; static and ballistic; and the principles of safe practice. Principles of training - Specificity - Overload - The FITT principles of training - Frequency - Intensity - Type - Time Measuring intensity - Borg scale - Heart rate - One rep max - Progression - Overtraining - Reversibility - Tedium Fitness testing - Reasons for testing - Making the test specific to the sport - Making the test valid - Making the test reliable - Ensuring accuracy - Maximal and sub-maximal tests - Standardising the test protocol Health-related fitness tests - Multi-Stage Fitness Test a test for stamina - Sit-ups test a test for muscular endurance - Leg/back dynamometer a test for strength - Sit and reach test a test for flexibility - Bioelectric impedance a test for body composition (percentage body fat) Skill-related fitness tests - Sergeant jump test a test for power - 20 metre sprint test a test for speed - Illinois agility run test a test for agility - The Ruler drop test a test for reaction time - Stork stand test a test for balance - Anderson ball-catch test a test for hand eye coordination The warm-up - General warm-up - Stretching - Specific warm-up - Psychological preparation Types of stretching - Principles of safe practice Cooling down - Benefits of a cool-down Training methods - Continuous training regimes - Intermittent training regimes - Circuit training - Weight training - Plyometric training - Mobility training Concept Presentation Practical excercise physiology Case Study - An analysis of the Multi-stage fitness test and its development Fitness testing Training methods

10 10 Practical skill acquisition improve skill using practice identify and use a range of teaching styles (command, reciprocal, discovery and problem solving) and know when to use them Teaching or coaching? - Teaching styles - When to use a particular style How to practise a skill - The different methods of practice Concept Presentation - Identification of different teaching styles Case Study - An analysis of Olympic gymnast Beth Tweddle s training regime identify the different methods of practice; whole, progressive part and wholepart-whole and when to use each method understand that practice can be structured in different ways: massed, distributed, variable and mental practice and understand when they are most effective Structuring practice time How to guide an improver - Visual guidance - Verbal guidance - Mechanical or manual guidance Feedback - Types of feedback - Which feedback to use - The importance of feedback Different types of guidance Understanding feedback in relation to the nature of the skill, purpose and learning situation understand the different ways that a performer may be guided: verbal, visual, manual and mechanical and where it is appropriate to use those methods of guidance understand the different types of feedback and what type of feedback is most effective. Exam skills Preparing for the examination On the day Interpreting questions Command words Unit 2 Electronic Resource: On Your Marks