BIPN100 Human Physiology 1 Bill Kristan, Ph.D.

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1 1. Dr K s office hours: In office Tuesdays 2:30 3:30 PM (In office: 3122A Pacific Hall) Group Friday 11 noon (MeeAng room: 3502 Pacific Hall) 2. Dr K s problem solving session: not this week BIPN100 Human Physiology 1 Bill Kristan, Ph.D. 3. Midterm 2 will cover from Lectures 8 through 14 (Hormones to Cardiovascular Control Mechanisms) Time: Thurs, 11/19 7:00 8:20 PM LocaOons: Last name A N: Galbraith 242 O V: York 2622 W Z: HSS Review sessions: Wed 11/18, 5:30 7:30 in Pacific Hall 3500 (BK), 3501, 3502 Thurs 11/19/15 in class 5. No secoons on next Friday (11/20) or Monday (11/23) 6. TA secoons, office hours:. SecAon IA Office Hour. Fri 11:00 11:50am Fri 12:00 12:50pm Fri 1:00 1:50pm Fri 2:00 2:50pm Mon 9:00 9:50am SEQUO 148..Winjet Chou.....Wed 3 3:50 pm...hss 1145B SEQUO Saatchi Patell....Wed 1 1:40 pm...muir Woods WLH JusOne Liang.....Tues 10 10:50 am...hi Thai WLH 2206.Hao Shi...Fri 3 3:50 pm.....hss 1128A WLH Tim Macaulay......Tues 12:30 1:20 pm...mandeville Cart Mon 4:00 4:50pm WLH Mallorie Nguyen...Thurs 2 2:50 pm...goody's Market Mon 5:00 5:50pm WLH Donel Purcella.. Mon 3:30 4:20 pm...price Center East, SR 2 Mon 6:00 6:50pm WLH Kyra Rashid...Thurs 10 10:40 am.. Revelle Com. Lounge

2 Cardiac control center

3 Increase pressure in isolated caroad sinus, measure firing rate in: Vagus nerve (parasympatheac) SympatheAc nerves

4 Cardiovascular regulation SA node Heart rate ACh NorEpi Epi Parasympathetic nervous system CCC activity Cardiac control center (brainstem) Sympathetic nervous system Vasomotor center (brainstem) Baroreceptor activity Stroke volume Ventricular muscle VMC activity NorEpi Epi X Venous return Cardiac output Adrenal medulla Aortic, carotid baroreceptors Veins Capillary blood flow Capillaries Blood vessels Factors Arterial blood pressure Local tissue Arterial blood pressure

5 Cardiovascular regulation SA node Heart rate ACh NorEpi Epi Parasympathetic nervous system CCC activity Cardiac control center (brainstem) Sympathetic nervous system Vasomotor center (brainstem) Baroreceptor activity Stroke volume Ventricular muscle VMC activity NorEpi Epi X Venous return Cardiac output Adrenal medulla Aortic, carotid baroreceptors Veins Capillary blood flow Capillaries Blood vessels Factors Arterial blood pressure Local tissue Arterial blood pressure

6 The muscle pump helps to move venous blood during exercise.

7 Cardiovascular regulation Fluid intake Kidney ADH Angiotensin II SA node ACh NorEpi Epi Parasympathetic nervous system CCC activity Cardiac control center (brainstem) Heart rate Sympathetic nervous system Vasomotor center (brainstem) Baroreceptor activity Stroke volume Ventricular muscle VMC activity Epi NorEpi X Cardiac output Venous return Adrenal medulla Aortic, carotid baroreceptors Veins Capillary blood flow Capillaries Blood volume Blood volume _ Angiotensin II Kidney Blood vessels Factors Local tissue ADH Posterior Pituitary _ NorEpi, Epi _ Arterial blood pressure Arterial blood pressure

8 Total cardiac output At rest (Maximum exeraon)

9 Lecture 15: Body fluids, tonicity

10 Major body fluid compartments Capillary walls Cell membranes ATP

11 We want to measure the volumes of three interconnected body fluid, but we have access only to one of them the plasma. Use the diluaon method: ConcentraAon (C) = quanaty (Q moles) per volume (V liter) C = Q /V moles/liter To measure volume, rearrange: V = Q/C moles/moles/liter = Q/C liters

12 Q Eb C Eb V pl = Q Eb C Eb Q inulin Cinulin V pl int = Q inulin C inulin = V EC V int = V pl int V pl Q D 20 C D 20 V total = Q D 20 C D 20 V IC = V total V EC

13 Body Fluid Compartments % body weight % total body fluid Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid Interstitial fluid Plasma Ion Intracellular fluid (millieq/ml) Interstitial fluid (millieq/ml) Na K Cl HCO Organic anions Plasma (millieq/ml)

14 OsmoAc pressure is a colligaave property: it depends only upon the number of molecules in soluaon is independent of their chemical properaes others: boiling point elevaaon, freezing point depression, evaporaaon temperature So the relevant measure of the osmoac pressure in a soluaon is the total concentraoon of parocles (ions and uncharged molecules) in soluaon. the units are osmolarity (Osm), the quanaty of paracles per liter of soluaon. examples: 100 mm glucose = 100 mosm 100 mm NaCl = 200 mosm 100 mm CaCl 2 = 300??? mosm DefiniAon: OsmoOc pressure = π = ncrt T = temperature ( o K) R = gas constant (0.082 atm L / mol o K) C = total solute concentraaon n = number of dissociable paracles per molecule Applying the equaaon, a 1 mosm soluaon produces a pressure of 19.3 mmhg

15 Osmosis: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from a soluaon of higher concentraaon of water to a soluaon of lower water concentraaon. OsmoOc pressure: the force generated by osmosis. OsmoAc pressure can be detected and measured in a variety of ways; here are four of them: Technique #1 Technique #2 OsmoAc pressure = height of column (mmhg) OsmoAc pressure = height of column (mmhg) = semi permeable membrane = semi permeable membrane The semi permeable membrane allows only water to pass across.

16 Technique #3 Technique #4

17 Tonicity: property of a soluaon that causes cells to shrink, swell, or stay the same. Isotonic: cells exposed to this soluaon stay the same size. Hypotonic: cells exposed to this soluaon swell. Hypertonic: cells exposed to this soluaon shrink. Tonicity is related to osmolarity, but it is different!

18 Examples to show various influences on tonicity N = non permeable solute P = permeable solute From Silverthorn, 5 th ediaon

19 SoluAon Cell Will come to equilibrium with more water on the les side. If the right side is the cell and the les side is the soluaon, the soluaon is hypertonic (because the cell shrinks).

20 SoluAon Cell IniAally, neither solute moves: 1 is impermeable, 2 is at equal concentraaon on both sides. Water moves from right to les. This increases the concentraaon of solute 2 on the right; so it moves R => L. This cycle repeats, with water and solute 2 moving out of the cell. End point: most of the water in the soluaon.

Body Fluid Compartments

Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Body Fluid Compartments Dr. Sinan Canan Body fluid balance 1 Body fluid compartments 2 Water distribution Tissue % Water Blood 83,0